ANN-based diagnosis method for skin cancers using dermoscopic images

Melanoma is one of the most dangerous skin cancers in the world. It accounts for 55% of all deaths associated with skin cancer. Researchers believe that skin cancer increases the risk of other cancers if not diagnosed early. Therefore, prompt and timely diagnosis of this disease is very important for the successful treatment of the patient. This system can detect melanoma lethal carcinoma from other skin lesions without the need for surgery, with a low cost, accuracy of about 98.88% and specificity 99%. In this article, a new, intelligent and accurate software (Delphi) system has been used to diagnose melanoma skin cancer. To detect malignant melanoma, the ABCDT rule, asymmetry (A), boundary (B), color (C), diameter (D) and textural variation (T) of the lesion are calculated and finally, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used to obtain an accurate result. The ANN with Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) contains the five extraction Characteristics (ABCDT) of lesions is used as inputs, two hidden layers, and two outputs. Very good results were obtained using this method. It was observed that for a dataset of 180 dermoscopic lesion images including 80 malignant melanomas, 20 benign melanomas and 80 nevus lesions. Due to its automatic recognition and ability to be installed on a computer, this system can be very useful for dermatologists as well as the general public.

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Preoperative AI-Driven Fluorescence Diagnosis of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics12010072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Victoriya Andreeva ◽

Evgeniia Aksamentova ◽

Andrey Muhachev ◽

Alexey Solovey ◽

Igor Litvinov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Normal Skin ◽

Invasive Procedure ◽

Biopsy Material ◽

Fluorescence Diagnosis ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Abnormal Cells ◽

Diagnosis Method ◽

Melanoma Skin

The diagnosis and treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer remain urgent problems. Histological examination of biopsy material—the gold standard of diagnosis—is an invasive procedure that requires a certain amount of time to perform. The ability to detect abnormal cells using fluorescence spectroscopy (FS) has been shown in many studies. This technique is rapidly expanding due to its safety, relative cost-effectiveness, and efficiency. However, skin lesion FS-based diagnosis is challenging due to a number of single overlapping spectra emitted by fluorescent molecules, making it difficult to distinguish changes in the overall spectrum and the molecular basis for it. We applied deep learning (DL) algorithms to quantitatively assess the ability of FS to differentiate between pathologies and normal skin. A total of 137 patients with various forms of primary and recurrent basal cell carcinoma (BCC) were observed by a multispectral laser-based device with a built-in neural network (NN) “DSL-1”. We measured the fluorescence spectra of suspected non-melanoma skin cancers and compared them with “normal” skin spectra. These spectra were input into DL algorithms to determine whether the skin is normal, pigmented normal, benign, or BCC. The preoperative differential AI-driven fluorescence diagnosis method correctly predicted the BCC lesions. We obtained an average sensitivity of 62% and average specificity of 83% in our experiments. Thus, the presented “DSL-1” diagnostic device can be a viable tool for the real-time diagnosis and guidance of non-melanoma skin cancer resection.

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Surgical Management of Melanoma and Other Skin Cancers

10.2310/surg.2038 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer A. Wargo ◽

Kenneth Tenabe

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Surgical Treatment ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Stage Iv Melanoma ◽

Melanoma Skin

The prevalence of malignant skin cancers has increased significantly over the past several years. Approximately 1.2 million cases of non-melanoma skin cancer are diagnosed per year. More alarming, up to 80,000 cases of melanoma are diagnosed per year, an incidence that has been steadily increasing, with a lifetime risk of 1 in 50 for the development of melanoma. The disturbing increase in the incidence of both non-melanoma skin cancer and melanoma can largely be attributed to the social attitude toward sun exposure. The clinical assessment and management of skin lesions can be challenging. This review describes the assessment process, including thorough history and examination; the need for possible biopsy; and excision criteria. Specific types of skin cancer are distinguished and include basal cell carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma; and melanoma; and for each type the incidence; epidemiology; histologic subtypes; diagnosis; and both surgical and non-surgical treatments are provided. Stages I-IV of melanoma are detailed, with prognostic factors described. Surgical treatment for stages I and II include description of the margins of excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy. The surgical treatment of Stage III melanoma further includes therapeutic lymph node dissection and isolated limb perfusion. Adjuvant therapies are also presented and include radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The additional treatment of metastasectomy for Stage IV melanoma is described. For both Stage III and IV melanoma, the study of vaccines to host immune cells is reported. For Stage IV melanoma, the text also describes immunotherapy treatment. Operative procedures specific to superficial and deep groin dissections are outlined. This review contains 9 figures, 3 tables, and 96 references.

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Dermatology

Oxford Handbook for Medical School ◽

10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0010 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 213-230

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Punch Biopsy ◽

Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽

Clinical Approach ◽

Dermatology Clinic ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Johnson Syndrome

Dermatology is the study of the skin, hair, nails, and oral and genital mucus membranes and the diseases affecting them. It is predominantly an outpatient specialty. This chapter explains the common terminology used to describe skin lesions and dermatoses. The commonest conditions encountered in the dermatology clinic are described: eczema, psoriasis, pyoderma gangrenosum, skin cancers (basal cell skin cancer, squamous cell skin cancer, malignant melanoma), acne vulgaris and bullous disorders, in addition to dermatological manifestations of systemic disease such as vasculitis. Emergency presentations such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, anaphylaxis, and necrotizing fasciitis are outlined. A practical guide to common dermatological procedures such as punch biopsy, and a clinical approach to the dermatological patient are included.

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Artificial neural network classification-based skin cancer detection

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i1.1.10364 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1.1) ◽

pp. 591

Author(s):

M. Shyamala Devi ◽

A.N. Sruthi ◽

P. Balamurugan

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Artificial Neural Network ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Back Propagation ◽

Modern Technology ◽

Data Set ◽

Processing Strategies ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Artificial Neural ◽

Artificial Neural Network Ann

At present, skin cancers are extremely the most severe and life-threatening kind of cancer. The majority of the pores and skin cancers are completely remediable at premature periods. Therefore, a premature recognition of pores and skin cancer can effectively protect the patients. Due to the progress of modern technology, premature recognition is very easy to identify. It is not extremely complicated to discover the affected pores and skin cancers with the exploitation of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The treatment procedure exploits image processing strategies and Artificial Intelligence. It must be noted that, the dermoscopy photograph of pores and skin cancer is effectively determined and it is processed to several pre-processing for the purpose of noise eradication and enrichment in image quality. Subsequently, the photograph is distributed through image segmentation by means of thresholding. Few components distinctive for skin most cancers regions. These features are mined the practice of function extraction scheme - 2D Wavelet Transform scheme. These outcomes are provides to the Back-Propagation Neural (BPN) Network for effective classification. This completely categorizes the data set into either cancerous or non-cancerous.

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Recognising skin cancers in the dental patient

Faculty Dental Journal ◽

10.1308/204268512x13376834221631 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 158-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carrie Newlands

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Facial Skin ◽

Older Population ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Dental Patient ◽

The Face ◽

Fair Skin

Skin cancer is increasing in incidence and the face is the commonest site for skin cancers to occur. Patients who are at risk from skin cancers include those who have fair skin and who have had long-term exposure to sunshine.1 While facial skin cancers are more common in the older population, greater numbers of younger people are developing these cancers.2-4 Facial skin lesions are common. This article aims to help members of the dental team recognise the features of those lesions which may indicate malignancy or pre-malignancy.

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Treatment of Multiple Actinic Keratosis and Field of Cancerization with Topical Piroxicam 0.8% and Sunscreen 50+ in Organ Transplant Recipients: A Series of 10 Cases

Case Reports in Dermatology ◽

10.1159/000481770 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 211-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Virginia Garofalo ◽

Alessandra Ventura ◽

Sara Mazzilli ◽

Laura Diluvio ◽

Luca Bianchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Medical Device ◽

Actinic Keratosis ◽

Organ Transplant ◽

Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽

Organ Transplant Recipient ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Melanoma Skin

Organ transplant recipient (OTR) subjects are at high risk of skin cancer such as squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Actinic keratosis (AK) is considered the precursor of these non-melanoma skin cancers. Sun protection is mandatory in subjects with AK and this preventive strategy is very important in OTR. Treatment of the field of cancerization is also crucial to reduce the risk of recurrence of skin lesions in AK and non-melanoma skin cancer patients. Activation of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 enzymes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of skin cancers. Topical application of cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as diclofenac and, more recently, piroxicam has shown to reduce AK lesions in immunocompetent subjects. A medical device containing piroxicam and SPF 50+ sunscreen filters (P+SS) has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing AK lesions and improving the field of cancerization. We report the effect of P+SS, applied for 16 weeks, in a case series of 10 OTR subjects with multiple AK lesions. P+SS treatment was associated with a relevant AK lesion reduction (>75%) in 7 patients (with a complete clearance in 3 subjects) with an improvement in the field of cancerization. This medical device could be considered a promising long-term curative and preventive treatment in OTR patients at high risk of non-melanoma skin cancers.

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Epidemiology and Trends of Skin Cancers in Guilan Province, Iran During 2010-2014

Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32598/jgums.29.4.1606.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 154-165

Author(s):

Abbas Darjani ◽

◽

Narges Alizadeh ◽

Kaveh Gharaei Nejad ◽

Hojat Eftekhari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Age Groups ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

The World ◽

Guilan Province

Background: Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the world. Pattern of skin cancer is different in various geographical regions, depending on the genetic and environmental factors. Objective: This study aims to investigate the incidence rate of skin cancer and its trends in Guilan province of Iran during 2010-2014. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the five-year data related to all cases of skin cancer recorded for Guilan Province during 2010-2014 were used. The age-sex incidence of skin cancer was standardized using the standard population of the World Health Organization. The age-standardized incidence rate of skin cancers including Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) and Melanoma was calculated, and then its trends were evaluated. Results: A total of 1664 cases with skin cancer, 1014 men and 650 women, were reported in the province from 2010 to 2014. Incidence of skin cancer was higher in men. BCC was the most common skin cancer. The most common site for BCC was face and scalp, and for SCC it was the lip. Melanoma was mostly occurred on acral regions. The incidence of skin cancer had a rising trend and had raised in all age groups. Conclusion: There is an increasing trend of skin cancers in Guilan Province. Therefore, planning for detection, prevention and control of its risk factors is necessary.

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Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in People Living With HIV: From Epidemiology to Clinical Management

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.689789 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuele Venanzi Rullo ◽

Maria Grazia Maimone ◽

Francesco Fiorica ◽

Manuela Ceccarelli ◽

Claudio Guarneri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Early Stage ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Case Series ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Ablative Techniques ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Melanoma Skin

Skin cancers represent the most common human tumors with a worldwide increasing incidence. They can be divided into melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). NMSCs include mainly squamous cell (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with the latest representing the 80% of the diagnosed NMSCs. The pathogenesis of NMSCs is clearly multifactorial. A growing body of literature underlies a crucial correlation between skin cancer, chronic inflammation and immunodeficiency. Intensity and duration of immunodeficiency plays an important role. In immunocompromised patients the incidence of more malignant forms or the development of multiple tumors seems to be higher than among immunocompetent patients. With regards to people living with HIV (PLWH), since the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the incidence of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs), such as NMSCs, have been increasing and now these neoplasms represent a leading cause of illness in this particular population. PLWH with NMSCs tend to be younger, to have a higher risk of local recurrence and to have an overall poorer outcome. NMSCs show an indolent clinical course if diagnosed and treated in an early stage. BCC rarely metastasizes, while SCC presents a 4% annual incidence of metastasis. Nevertheless, metastatic forms lead to poor patient outcome. NMSCs are often treated with full thickness treatments (surgical excision, Mohs micro-graphic surgery and radiotherapy) or superficial ablative techniques (such as cryotherapy, electrodesiccation and curettage). Advances in genetic landscape understanding of NMSCs have favored the establishment of novel therapeutic strategies. Concerning the therapeutic evaluation of PLWH, it’s mandatory to evaluate the risk of interactions between cART and other treatments, particularly antiblastic chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Development of further treatment options for NMSCs in PLWH seems needed. We reviewed the literature after searching for clinical trials, case series, clinical cases and available databases in Embase and Pubmed. We review the incidence of NMSCs among PLWH, focusing our attention on any differences in clinicopathological features of BCC and SCC between PLWH and HIV negative persons, as well as on any differences in efficacy and safety of treatments and response to immunomodulators and finally on any differences in rates of metastatic disease and outcomes.

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Skin cancers in people with albinism in Togo in 2019: results of two rounds of national mobile skin care clinics

10.21203/rs.3.rs-25729/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bayaki Saka ◽

Sefako Abla Akakpo ◽

Julienne Noude Teclessou ◽

Piham Gnossike ◽

Saliou Adam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Records ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Skin Care ◽

Ultraviolet Rays ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Protection Measures ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Melanoma Skin

Abstract Background: In people with albinism (PWA), the deficiency of melanin increase the risk of skin cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of skin cancers and characteristics of these detected skin cancers (histological types, localization,) in PWA in 10 cities in Togo in 2019.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of medical records of PWA systematically examined during two mobile skin care clinics in 2019, as part of a programme for the prevention and management of skin cancers in these subjects. Results: During the study period, 280 (95.2%) of the 294 PWA consulted, had developed skin lesions. Of the 280 PWA, the pathological reports from the medical records of 33 patients (11.8%; (95%CI= [8.2-16.2]) had concluded to non-melanoma skin cancers. The mean age of these 33 patients was 38.6±15.2 years and the sex-ratio was 1. Their occupations were mainly resellers (21.2%), traders (15.2%) and farmers (12.2%). In the 33 patients, 54 cases of non-melanoma skin cancers were identified, with some patients having more than one tumor, and some of them having more than one (histologically confirmed) diagnosis. These 54 non-melanoma skin cancers were divided into 21 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinomas, 2 cases of Bowen’s disease and 31 cases of basal cell carcinomas. These non-melanoma skin cancers mainly occurred in the head and neck (33 cases; 61.1%), the upper limbs (15 cases; 27, 8%) and the trunk (4 cases; 7.4%).Conclusion: The results of this study show a high prevalence of skin cancers among PWAs in Togo in 2019, only non-melanoma skin cancers. In addition, they illustrate the role of ultraviolet rays with regard to the localization of skin cancers and the occupations of patients. Popularization and compliance with photo protection measures, systematic and regular examination of the skin of these PWAs will allow early detection and treatment of these skin cancers.

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Skin cancer

10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0259 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Rubeta Matin ◽

Jane McGregor ◽

Catherine Harwood

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cutaneous Metastasis ◽

Primary Malignancy ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Cutaneous Lymphomas ◽

The Uk ◽

Late Stages ◽

Melanoma Skin

Skin cancer is very common in the UK, and its incidence is rising rapidly. There are two broad classes of primary skin cancer: non-melanoma and melanoma. Non-melanoma skin cancer is the commonest form (100 000 cases diagnosed annually in the UK), accounting for nine out of ten skin cancers and includes basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Cutaneous melanoma is less common (10 000 cases diagnosed in the UK annually) but confers a significantly worse prognosis and accounts for 75% of skin cancer related deaths. There are also a number of other, rarer, non-melanoma skin cancers (e.g. appendageal carcinomas, Merkel cell carcinoma, sarcomas, vascular malignancies, and cutaneous lymphomas); however, these account for less than 1% of all skin cancers in the UK and so will not be specifically discussed in this chapter. Cutaneous metastases can occur secondary to any internal cancer or, indeed, to skin cancer (e.g. melanoma). In most cases, cutaneous metastasis occurs after the diagnosis of a primary cancer and usually in late stages of the disease but, in some cases, it may be the first presentation, in which case it should prompt a thorough investigation for the primary malignancy.

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