Comparison of the Effectiveness of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy and Self-compassion-based Therapy On Emotion Regulation In Women Affected by Infidelity

Background: Marital infidelity is a crisis for couples and families. identifying an effective treatment approach at the lowest cost can be effective in preventing and intervening in injuries caused by infidelity. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-based couple therapy and self-compassion-based therapy on emotion regulation in women affected by infidelity. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was designed as pre-test-post-test with follow-up. The study population included all couples involved in marital infidelity who referred to Iranmehr Counseling and Psychological Services Center in Rasht, Iran in 2020, from which 20 couples were selected as the sample by available sampling method. Granfsky emotion regulation questionnaire was used to collect data and emotion-focused couple therapy sessions and self-compassion-based therapy were performed for 16 sessions of 4 hours (one treatment every two hours) on a weekly basis. After three months of treatment sessions, couples also participated in a follow-up session in order to measure the duration of treatment. Data were analyzed using combined analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that both therapies are effective in increasing the emotional regulation of couples, but there is no significant difference between emotion-oriented couples therapy and compassion-based therapy on emotion regulation (F = 1.57 and P = 0.218). Conclusion: Both treatment approaches in counseling centers were very effective in helping incompatible couples to improve and reduce marital problems, increasing satisfaction, especially in couples affected by infidelit

The Effects of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Ocimum Basilicum Green Leaf on Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizure in Male Mice

Background: Regarding the chronic nature of epilepsy, and drug resistance in many cases, herbal medicine has received remarkable interest. Objective The present study aimed to determine the anticonvulsant effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Ocimum basilicum green leaf on Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure in male mice. Methods: In this experimental study, 48 albino male mice, weighing 20-25 g were randomly divided into 6 groups. All study groups were injected intraperitoneally (IP). The negative and positive control groups received saline (10 mL/kg) and phenobarbital (40 mg/kg) respectively. The treatment groups received 100, 300, 500, and 1000 mg/kg doses of hydro-alcoholic extract Ocimum basilicum green leaf. To provoke convulsion, after 45 minutes, PTZ was injected (80 mg/kg) to all research groups; accordingly, the d initiation time of myoclonic and tonic-clonic seizures and the frequency of 24h death were measured. Results: The obtained results indicated that the extract delayed the initiation time of myoclonic and tonic-clonic seizures, compared with the controls. The delay was significant at doses of 1000 (P<0.001), 500, and 300 mg/kg (P<0.01) for myoclonic seizure as well as 1000, 500, and 300 mg/kg (P<0.001) and 100 mg/kg (P<0.05) for tonic-clonic seizure. Furthermore, the extract decreased the 24h death. This was significant at doses of 1000, 500, and 300 mg/kg (P<0.001). Conclusion: It seems that the hydro-alcoholic extract of Ocimum basilicum green leaf presented decremental effects on PTZ-induced seizure and death in male mice.

The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Background: Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Parents of these youth experience more parenting stress. Emotional Intelligence (EI) has a very close relationship with mental health. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between EI and parenting stress in mothers of ADHD youth. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 136 mothers of ADHD children and adolescents under treatment in the Gil specialized consulting center of Rasht City. Demographic questionnaire, PSI-SF parenting stress questionnaire, and Shearing emotional intelligence questionnaire were used to evaluate the participants. Comorbidities extracted from the patient files, based on the diagnosis of child and adolescent psychiatrists. Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 22 by mean, percentage, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The relationship between the mothers' mean EI and parenting stress scores were not significant with the age, grade of education, duration of the treatment, and the comorbidities in children (P>0.05). There was a meaningful relationship between the components of EI (P<0.05) and the total score of EI with parenting stress scores (P= 0.001, r= -0.42). Higher emotional intelligence is associated with a lower parenting stress score. Conclusion: Mothers of ADHD youth who had higher EI had less parenting stress.

Relationship Between Avoiding the Experience, Cognitive Fusion and the Difficulty of Regulating Excitement With Fear of Giving Birth to Pregnant Women of Primigravid

Background: One of the essential factors affecting the conditions of primigravid women is fear of childbirth that may be influenced by factors such as experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and difficulty in emotional regulation. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and emotional regulation difficulties with fear of childbirth among Iranian primigravid women. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 300 primigravid women. The data was collected from a government hospital in Rash, Alzahra hospital. The research tools included demographic information form, the questionnaire of experiential avoidance (AAQ-II), Difficulty in Emotional Regulation (DES), Cognitive Fusion (CFQ), and fear of childbirth (CAQ). SPSS v. 16 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression were performed. The significance level was considered 0.05 Results: The present study's findings showed a significant reverse relationship between income and fear of childbirth (R=-0.22, p<0.05). Experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and difficulty in emotional regulation generally had a positive and significant relationship with fear of childbirth and could also predict it. Conclusion: The score of fear of childbirth in primigravid women was high, and women with lower income had a higher score in fear of childbirth. Further problems can be prevented by supporting women who are more likely to be affected by fear of birth, holding psychology courses, and controlling emotions.

Analyzing the Expression Level and Associated Clinical Characteristics of miRNA-138 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Iranian Patients

Background: Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is the seventh most common and lethal malignancy worldwide with a high incidence in Iran. Esophageal cancer has a poor prognosis and low 5-years survival rate. Despite several studies on esophageal cancer, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, it is significant to analyze the molecular factors involved in disease for introducing effective diagnosis and therapeutic approaches. Accordingly, the aberrant expression of miRNA was demonstrated in the etiology of esophageal cancer, and applying them as detecting biomarkers was further considered by researchers. This study aimed to evaluate the expression level of miRNA-138 in the tumor tissues of ESCC and normal adjacent tissues. Objective: In total, 35 samples of tumor and normal tissues of the esophagus were collected from ESCC patients. Methods: Then, RNA extraction was conducted and the expression level of miRNA-138 was assessed in the collected tissue samples, applying real-time RT-PCR. Moreover, the relationship between the miRNA-138 expression level and the patient’s clinical characteristics was assessed. Results: According to the obtained results, the expression of miR-138 was significantly downregulated in the tumor tissues of ESCC, compared to normal adjacent tissues (P<0.05). Additionally, the level of miRNA-138 downregulation was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation degree and metastasis status (P<0.05). Conclusion: The significant downregulation of miRNA-138 in the tumor samples of ESCC indicated the role of this epigenetic alteration in esophageal carcinogenesis. Therefore, applying the miRNA-138 could be considered as a potential molecular biomarker for ESCC diagnosis and screening.

Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and Stress and Life Satisfaction in Medical Students

Background: Students, as the first adopters of new technologies are more exposed to smartphone addiction than other groups in society, and consequently problems, such as biopsychological and academic conditions. Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between smartphone addiction and stress and life satisfaction in the medical students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on 331 medical students in the intern and trainee of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Guilan province, Iran, in 2020. Web-Based questionnaires were used to collect the necessary data. The personal and social information (age, gender, academic performance; grade point average, the place of residence, marital status, & educational level) and Smartphone addiction scale (SAS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; Cohen et al, 1983), and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) were completed by the study volunteers. The information was entered into SPSS. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, Independent Samples t-test, and multiple linear regression analysis) were used in statistical analysis. Results: The present research results suggested that smartphone addiction was positively correlated with stress (P=0.01, r=0.65) and life satisfaction (P=0.01, r=-0.58). Smartphone addiction scores, stress, and life satisfaction were influenced by demographic variables. The results of multiple analyses indicated that stress (β=0.52) and life satisfaction (β=-0.34), respectively, significantly explained 57% of the variance of smartphone addiction (P<0.001). Conclusion: The increase in smartphone addiction was associated with more perceived stress and lower life satisfaction among medical students. This finding can provide useful insights for policymakers about the psychological effects of smartphone addiction on students.

Evaluation of Epidemiological, Paraclinical, and Imaging Findings of Patients With ‎Covid-19 Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit of Rasht Hospitals in March 2020

Background: Considering the high prevalence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the medical resource constraints, a better understanding of the characteristics of the disease and identifying the factors indicating the severity of the disease‎ can help decide on the allocation of important and limited resources. The current study aimed to investigate the demographic, clinical, laboratory characteristics, and imaging features of critically-ill patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit )ICU) of 3 hospitals in Rash City, Iran. Objective: This retrospective study was performed on 138 patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the ICU. The study patients’ data, including demographic characteristics, underlying disease, laboratory, imaging findings, and disease outcome were extracted from their records. Methods: This retrospective study was performed on 138 patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to ICU. Patient data, including demographic characteristics, underlying disease, laboratory and imaging findings, and disease outcomes, were extracted from patient records. Results: In this study, the majority of patients were male and in the age range of 55-69 years. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic heart disease were the most common underlying diseases; shortness of breath, fever, and cough were the most common symptoms. Ground glass opacities were the most common sign in lung Computer Tomography (CT) scan and an increase in the level of LDH, ESR, CRP, neutrophil percentage, and lymphopenia were the most common laboratory findings in the study subjects. The mortality rate was equal to 90.58%. Conclusion: This study revealed that most patients with severe manifestations of the disease were older, had a history of underlying disease, symptoms of shortness of breath, cough, and fever, and extensive lung involvement in imaging and changes in laboratory results. Mortality remained high despite medical therapy and mechanical ventilation.

Male Adolescents’ Health Needs in Iran and the Associated Factors

Background: Attention to adolescent health is one of the Millennium Development Goals. Adolescent health planning to achieve an acceptable level of health and prevention of waste of capital should be based on attention to all aspects of health and performing needs assessment. Objective: This study aims to determine the health needs of male adolescents in Iran and the factors associated with their needs. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were boys studying in the first and second year of high school in the fields of mathematics, experimental sciences, humanities, and technical sciences at public, non-profit, and gifted & talented schools in Rasht, Iran. The sampling was done using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by using a demographic form and the Male Adolescent Health Needs-Assessment Scale. Results: The boys’ Mean±SD scores of physical, sexual, mental, and social health needs was 49.65±0.15, 11.39±0.12, 89.28±0.29 and 47.3±0.24, respectively. Majority of them obtained excellent scores in physical (76%) and mental health (94%) needs and a good score in social health (81.3%) need, while they earned a moderate score in sexual health need (57.8%). Liner regression analysis results showed that the physical health need of boys had a statistically significant relationship with the type of study school (P= 0.001); their sexual health need with age (P= 0.002), type of study school (P= 0.015), mother’s education (P= 0.025), and mother’s occupation (P= 0.005); their mental health need with the type of study school (P= 0.009), birth rank (P= 0.048), father’s job (P= 0.021), and mother’s job (P= 0.022); and their social health need with the type of study school (P= 0.001). Conclusion: Most important health needs of male adolescents in Iran is sexual health need followed by social, physical and mental health needs. The most important factors related to their health needs are type of study school, mother’s job and education, birth rank, and father’s job. The results of this study can be effective and useful in designing and implementing need-based interventions to promote male adolescents’ health.

Relationship Between Sexual Satisfaction and Mental Health in Married Older Women

Background: The aging population is increasing rapidly; therefore, paying attention to the needs of older people is necessary. Sexual satisfaction, which is needed to feel happy, is often neglected in older women. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between sexual satisfaction and mental health in older women. Materials and Methods: In this analytical study with a cross-sectional design, 195 married women aged ≥60 years covered by urban and rural health centers of Guilan, Iran were recruited using a cluster sampling method. A demographic form, the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and a Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire were completed by participants and collected data were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 software using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation, median), and Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation tests. Results: There was a significant relationship between sexual satisfaction and mental health in older women (P<0.0001). 51.2%, 27.7% and 21.08% of participants had low, moderate and high sexual satisfaction, respectively. Sexual satisfaction was directly related to monthly income (P<0.0001) and women’s and their husbands’ education (P<0.0001 and 0.006) while it was inversely related to physical illness (P=0.030), medication use (P=0.009), age (P<0.0001), number of children (P=0.022), and duration of marriage (P<0.0001). The median score of mental health in participants was 38 (ranging 24-53) and the percentage of participants with mental problems (79.4%) was higher than those without mental problems (20.6%). Conclusion: Mental health and sexual satisfaction in older women are directly related to each other; therefore, providing effective and appropriate sexual care programs is recommended for them.

Midwifery Students’ Learning Styles in Iran: A Review Study Based on Kolb’s Learning Theory

Background: Identifying the factors that contribute to learning is one of the most important research goals. Learning style is one of these important and effective factors. The predominant learning styles of students in different universities of Iran are different. Objective: This study aimed to review the learning styles of midwifery students in Iran based on Kolb’s learning theory. Materials and Methods: In this review study, a search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, and MagIran databases on articles published during 2000-2020 by using the keywords: Learning styles, midwifery students, and Kolb’s theory in Persian and English. Out of 28 eligible articles, 9 articles were finally reviewed. Results: Learning in midwifery students is usually done by using different styles, the most common of which was convergent style followed by assimilative style. Conclusion: The predominant learning styles of midwifery students in Iran are convergent and assimilative styles. While considering individual differences, educational planning and selection of teaching method should be done in a way that is appropriate for different learning styles of midwifery students and a variety of new and innovative teaching methods should be used.