scholarly journals The Insidious Disorder Hiding Behind Aging: Canine Cognitive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba RAOUF ◽  
Umut AAĞAN ◽  
Büşra UZUN ◽  
Duygu DALGIN
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Disorder

Cognitive dysfunctions associated with white matter damage due to cardiovascular burden – determinants and interpretations

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Krukow
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Dynamic Aspect ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
White Matter Damage ◽  
Neuropsychological Disorders ◽  
Considerable Research

AbstractAlthough considerable research has been devoted to cognitive functions deteriorating due to diseases of cardiovascular system, rather less attention has been paid to their theoretical background. Progressive vascular disorders as hypertension, atherosclerosis and carotid artery stenosis generate most of all pathological changes in the white matter, that cause specific cognitive disorder: disconnection syndromes, and disturbances in the dynamic aspect of information processing. These features made neuropsychological disorders secondary to cardiovascular diseases different than the effects of cerebral cortex damage, which may be interpreted modularly.

Formononetin Ameliorates Cognitive Disorder via PGC-1α Pathway in Neuroinflammation Conditions in High-Fat Diet-Induced Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 566-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Fu ◽  
Tingting Qin ◽  
Jiayu Yu ◽  
Jie Jiao ◽  
Zhanqiang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Mechanism Study ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in many modern societies. The core pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease includes the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau and abnormal Amyloid-β generation. In addition, previous studies have shown that neuroinflammation is one of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Formononetin, an isoflavone compound extracted from Trifolium pratense L., has been found to have various properties including anti-obesity, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotective effects. But there are very few studies on the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease with Formononetin. Objective: The present study focused on the protective activities of Formononetin on a high-fat dietinduced cognitive decline and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Mice were fed with HFD for 10 weeks and intragastric administrated daily with metformin (300 mg/kg) and Formononetin (20 and 40 mg/kg). Results: We found that Formononetin (20, 40 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the learning and memory deficits companied by weight improvement and decreased the levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride in high-fat diet-induced mice. Meanwhile, we observed high-fat diet significantly caused the Tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus of mice, whereas Formononetin reversed this effect. Additionally, Formononetin markedly reduced the levels of inflammation cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in high-fat diet-induced mice. The mechanism study showed that Formononetin suppressed the pro-inflammatory NF-κB signaling and enhanced the anti-inflammatory Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling, which might be related to the regulation of PGC-1α in the hippocampus of high-fat diet -induced mice. Conclusion: Taken together, our results showed that Formononetin could improve the cognitive function by inhibiting neuroinflammation, which is attributed to the regulation of PGC-1α pathway in HFD-induced mice.

scholarly journals Differentiating Functional Cognitive Disorder from Early Neurodegeneration: A Clinic-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Harriet A. Ball ◽  
Marta Swirski ◽  
Margaret Newson ◽  
Elizabeth J. Coulthard ◽  
Catherine M. Pennington
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Validity Tests

Functional cognitive disorder (FCD) is a relatively common cause of cognitive symptoms, characterised by inconsistency between symptoms and observed or self-reported cognitive functioning. We aimed to improve the clinical characterisation of FCD, in particular its differentiation from early neurodegeneration. Two patient cohorts were recruited from a UK-based tertiary cognitive clinic, diagnosed following clinical assessment, investigation and expert multidisciplinary team review: FCD, (n = 21), and neurodegenerative Mild Cognitive Impairment (nMCI, n = 17). We separately recruited a healthy control group (n = 25). All participants completed an assessment battery including: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B); Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2RF). In comparison to healthy controls, the FCD and nMCI groups were equally impaired on trail making, immediate recall, and recognition tasks; had equally elevated mood symptoms; showed similar aberration on a range of personality measures; and had similar difficulties on inbuilt performance validity tests. However, participants with FCD performed significantly better than nMCI on HVLT-R delayed free recall and retention (regression coefficient −10.34, p = 0.01). Mood, personality and certain cognitive abilities were similarly altered across nMCI and FCD groups. However, those with FCD displayed spared delayed recall and retention, in comparison to impaired immediate recall and recognition. This pattern, which is distinct from that seen in prodromal neurodegeneration, is a marker of internal inconsistency. Differentiating FCD from nMCI is challenging, and the identification of positive neuropsychometric features of FCD is an important contribution to this emerging area of cognitive neurology.

Breaking down long-term chronic aggression within a forensic hospital system

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Benjamin Rose ◽  
Charles Broderick ◽  
Darci Delgado ◽  
Rebekah Kornbluh ◽  
Stephen M. Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Forensic Hospital ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
History Of

Objective.Historically, patients with multiple acts of aggression, or chronic aggressors, have been studied as one large group. It was our objective to subdivide this group into those patients who engage in physical aggression consistently over multiple years and see if common characteristics of chronic aggressors could classify patients into an aggressive or nonaggressive group.Method.Within a forensic hospital system, patients who had committed 5 acts of physical aggression, per year, for 3 years (2010 and 2015) were reviewed. Data was collected on clinical and demographic characteristics that have shown to be associated with chronically aggressive patients and compared to nonaggressive matched controls. Data collection and analysis were completed to determine if the variables could classify patients into an aggressive or nonaggressive group.Results.Analysis showed that 2 variables, the presence of a cognitive disorder and a history of suicidal behaviors were significant in the univariate and multivariate analyses. The 2 variables were able to correctly classify 76.7% of the cases.Conclusion.A cognitive disorder, a history of suicidal behavior, and increased age were factors associated with this subgroup of aggressive patients. Clinicians may want to explore treatment programs aimed at these clinical factors including cognitive rehabilitation and social cognition treatments, which have been shown to reduce aggression in cognitively impaired populations.

scholarly journals Fatal Attraction: The Case of Toxic Soluble Dimers of Truncated PQBP-1 Mutants in X-Linked Intellectual Disability

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2240
Author(s):  
Yu Wai Chen ◽  
Shah Kamranur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Rna Splicing ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Conformational Disease ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Fatal Attraction ◽  
Experimental Characterisation

The frameshift mutants K192Sfs*7 and R153Sfs*41, of the polyglutamine tract-binding protein 1 (PQBP-1), are stable intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). They are each associated with the severe cognitive disorder known as the Renpenning syndrome, a form of X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). Relative to the monomeric wild-type protein, these mutants are dimeric, contain more folded contents, and have higher thermal stabilities. Comparisons can be drawn to the toxic oligomerisation in the “conformational diseases”, which collectively describe medical conditions involving a substantial protein structural transition in the pathogenic mechanism. At the molecular level, the end state of these diseases is often cytotoxic protein aggregation. The conformational disease proteins contain varying extents of intrinsic disorder, and the consensus pathogenesis includes an early oligomer formation. We reviewed the experimental characterisation of the toxic oligomers in representative cases. PQBP-1 mutant dimerisation was then compared to the oligomerisation of the conformational disease proteins. The PQBP-1 mutants are unique in behaving as stable soluble dimers, which do not further develop into higher oligomers or aggregates. The toxicity of the PQBP-1 mutant dimers lies in the native functions (in transcription regulation and possibly, RNA splicing) being compromised, rather than proceeding to aggregation. Other examples of stable IDP dimers were discussed and we speculated on the roles of IDP dimerisation in protein evolution.

scholarly journals Patterns and predictive factors of loss of the independence trajectory among community-dwelling older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bimou ◽  
Michel Harel ◽  
Cécile Laubarie-Mouret ◽  
Noëlle Cardinaud ◽  
Marion Charenton-Blavignac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Functional Autonomy ◽  
Process Loss ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Independence is related to the aging process. Loss of independence is defined as the inability to make decisions and participate in activities of daily living (ADLs). Independence is related to physical, psychological, biological, and socioeconomic factors. An enhanced understanding of older people’s independence trajectories and associated risk factors would enable the develop early intervention strategies. Methods Independence trajectory analysis was performed on patients identified in the Unité de Prévention de Suivi et d’Analyse du Vieillissement (UPSAV) database. UPSAV cohort is a prospective observational study. Participants were 221 community-dwelling persons aged ≥75 years followed for 24 months between July 2011–November 2013 and benefits from a prevention strategy. Data were collected prospectively using a questionnaire. Independence was assessed using the “Functional Autonomy Measurement System (Système de Mesure de l’Autonomie Fonctionnelle (SMAF))”. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was performed to identify independence trajectories, and the results were compared with those of k-means and hierarchical ascending classifications. A multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify predictive factors of the independence trajectory. Results Three distinct trajectories of independence were identified including a “Stable functional autonomy (SFA) trajectory” (53% of patients), a “Stable then decline functional autonomy decline (SDFA) trajectory” (33% of patients) and a “Constantly functional autonomy decline (CFAD) trajectory” (14% of patients). Not being a member of an association, and previous fall were significantly associated of a SDFA trajectory (P < 0.01). Absence of financial and human assistance, no hobbies, and cognitive disorder were significantly associated with a CFAD trajectory (P < 0.01). Previous occupation and multiple pathologies were predictive factors of both declining trajectories SDFA and CFAD. Conclusions Community-living older persons exhibit distinct independence trajectories and the predictive factors. The evidence from this study suggests that the prevention and screening for the loss of independence of the older adults should be anticipated to maintaining autonomy.

scholarly journals Impact of Selected Geriatric Syndromes on the Quality of Life in the Population Aged 60 and Older

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Jitka Doležalová ◽  
Valérie Tóthová ◽  
Jan Neugebauer ◽  
Petr Sadílek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Geriatric Assessment ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Geriatric Syndromes ◽  
Critical Domain ◽  
Nonnormal Distribution

Background: Geriatric syndromes represent a critical domain in the population more than 60 years old. Basic syndromes include frailty, sarcopenia, loss of body mass, and a mild cognitive disorder. These are significant problems which can affect the quality of life. In our study, the Rapid Geriatric Assessment (RGA) tool was used to assess the geriatric syndromes, and the WHOQOL-BREF was used to assess the quality of life to survey 498 respondents from a population aged 60 and older. In all the assessments, the distribution of variables was tested, a nonnormal distribution of variables was identified, and subsequently, nonparametric tests were performed to identify the differences between groups. The study showed that the domain of physical health and the psychological domain were most affected. The results have shown that individual geriatric syndromes affect certain domains of the quality of life of the population above 60 with various intensity.

scholarly journals 12-month incidence, prevalence, persistence, and treatment of mental disorders among individuals recently admitted to assisted living facilities in Maryland

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quincy M. Samus ◽  
Chiadi U. Onyike ◽  
Deirdre Johnston ◽  
Lawrence Mayer ◽  
Matthew McNabney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Direct Care ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Longitudinal Impact ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

ABSTRACTBackground: To estimate the 12-month incidence, prevalence, and persistence of mental disorders among recently admitted assisted living (AL) residents and to describe the recognition and treatment of these disorders.Methods: Two hundred recently admitted AL residents in 21 randomly selected AL facilities in Maryland received comprehensive physician-based cognitive and neuropsychiatric evaluations at baseline and 12 months later. An expert consensus panel adjudicated psychiatric diagnoses (using DSM-IV-TR criteria) and completeness of workup and treatment. Incidence, prevalence, and persistence were derived from the panel's assessment. Family and direct care staff recognition of mental disorders was also assessed.Results: At baseline, three-quarters suffered from a cognitive disorder (56% dementia, 19% Cognitive Disorders Not Otherwise Specified) and 15% from an active non-cognitive mental disorder. Twelve-month incidence rates for dementia and non-cognitive psychiatric disorders were 17% and 3% respectively, and persistence rates were 89% and 41% respectively. Staff recognition rates for persistent dementias increased over the 12-month period but 25% of cases were still unrecognized at 12 months. Treatment was complete at 12 months for 71% of persistent dementia cases and 43% of persistent non-cognitive psychiatric disorder cases.Conclusions: Individuals recently admitted to AL are at high risk for having or developing mental disorders and a high proportion of cases, both persistent and incident, go unrecognized or untreated. Routine dementia and psychiatric screening and reassessment should be considered a standard care practice. Further study is needed to determine the longitudinal impact of psychiatric care on resident outcomes and use of facility resources.

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