MODELING THE INFLUENCE OF THE LIQUID MANURE MOISTURE ON THE LEVEL OF ITS SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL LOAD

Проблема и цель. Одним из перспективных факторов энергетически эффективного и экологически безопасного использования ресурсов является цифровизация процессов, позволяющая прогнозировать и оценивать состояние системы в зависимости от её исходных свойств. Утилизация бесподстилочного навоза тесно связана с этим фактором. Известно, что безопасно использовать энергетический потенциал бесподстилочного навоза невозможно без подавления имеющихся в нём патогенных биомасс, а выбор оптимального подхода к обеззараживанию во многом зависит от их исходной концентрации. Соответственно, исследование влияния технологических свойств бесподстилочного навоза – температуры, рН, влажности на число колониеобразующих единиц патогенов в нём является актуальной задачей для науки и техники. Целью настоящего исследования является разработка элементов системы цифровизированной оценки уровня экологической нагрузки животноводческих предприятий в зависимости от уровня влажности образуемых отходов на примере свиного бесподстилочного навоза. Методология. Использованы методы статистической обработки экспериментальных данных с учётом модели ферментативной кинетики патогенных биомасс в свином бесподстилочном навозе, произведена оценка достоверности полученных математических зависимостей. Результаты. Получены исходные данные в виде квадратичных уравнений, позволяющие прогнозировать уровень исходной концентрации колониеобразующих единиц (КОЕ) бактерий группы кишечных палочек (ОКБ), аэробных спорообразующих микроорганизмов (СПМО), стафилококков (СТФ), яиц аскариды, трихоцефала, эзофагоста, фасциола, личинок стронгилята, клещей (АСК), цист простейших и ооцистэймерий (ЦИО), а также энтерококков (ЭНТ) в зависимости от влажности бесподстилочного навоза. Заключение. На основании полученных математических зависимостей разработан элемент системы цифровизации оценки уровня экологической нагрузки, создаваемой свежим бесподстилочным навозом. Развитием полученных результатов будет являться разработка базы данных закономерностей технологических свойств бесподстилочного навоза и их влияния на концентрации патогенной биомассы, как элемента программной среды цифровизации и прогнозирования санитарно-эпидемиологической нагрузки, создаваемой им. Problem and purpose. One of the promising factors of energy efficient and environmentally safe use of resources is the digitalization of processes, which makes it possible to predict and evaluate the state of the system depending on its initial properties. Utilization of liquid manure is closely related to this factor. It is known that it is impossible to safely use the energy potential of liquid manure without suppressing the pathogenic biomasses present in it, therefore, the choice of the optimal disinfection approach largely depends on their initial concentration. Accordingly, the study and formalization of the influence of the technological properties of liquid manure of temperature, pH, humidity on the number of colony-forming units of pathogens in it is an urgent task for science and technology. The purpose of this study is to develop elements of a system for digitalized assessment of the level of environmental load of livestock enterprises depending on the level of moisture in the generated waste, using the example of liquid pig manure. Methodology. Methods of statistical processing of experimental data were used, taking into account the model of enzymatic kinetics of pathogenic biomasses in liquid pig manure, the reliability of the obtained mathematical dependencies was assessed. Results. Initial data were obtained in the form of quadratic equations that allow predicting the level of the initial concentration of colony-forming units of bacteria of the Escherichia coli group, aerobic spore-forming microorganisms, staphylococci, ascaris eggs, trichocephalus, esophagostomas, fasciolas, strongylate larvae, ticks, cysts of protozoa and oocysts of the eimer from the moisture of liquid manure. Conclusion. On the basis of the obtained mathematical relationships, an element of the digitalization system for assessing the level of the environmental load created by fresh liquid manure was developed. The development of the results obtained will be the creating of a database of other regularities of technological properties of liquid manure and their influence on the concentration of pathogenic biomass, as an element of the software environment for digitalization and forecasting of the sanitary and epidemiological load created by it.

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Bendopnea as a risk factor for the incidence of COVID-19 in patients with CHF

City Healthcare ◽

10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2021.v2i2;26-34 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 26-34

Author(s):

Dmitry O. Dragunov ◽

Anna V. Sokolova ◽

Aminat D. Gasanova ◽

Timofey V. Latyshev ◽

Grigoriy P. Arutyunov

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽

Statistical Processing ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular Ejection ◽

P Value ◽

Chronic Patients ◽

Software Environment ◽

Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽

R Language

Purpose. Analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 in patients from the register «Management of chronic patients with multiple diseases» with a previously established CHF diagnosis, depending on the presence or absence of a symptom of bendopnea. Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of electronic outpatient records of 121 patients with CHF with and without bendopnea symptom, with an assessment of the incidence of COVID-19. For statistical processing of the data obtained, we used the R language and the RStudio software environment. Results. The average age of the patients was 74.38±9.83 years. Bendopnea symptom occurred in 60,3% (n = 73) of the studied patients. The incidence of COVID-19 was 14% (n = 17), of which 88% were patients with the symptom of bendopnea (p-value = 0.023, Х2 = 5.17). The chance of COVID-19 in patients with bendopnea was higher than in patients without symptom of bendopnea (OR 5.8 (1.2; 26.7), p = 0.013). Conclusion. The presence of a symptom of bendopnea in patients with CHF increases the risk of COVID-19. A statistically significant relationship was established between the presence of a symptom of bendopnea, the level of left ventricular ejection fraction and the incidence of COVID-19.

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Integrated mechanical, biological and physico-chemical treatment of liquid manure streams

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0266 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (12) ◽

pp. 175-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. Kalyuzhnyi ◽

V. Sklyar ◽

J. Rodriguez-Martinez ◽

I. Archipchenko ◽

I. Barboulina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Effective Means ◽

Uasb Reactor ◽

Pig Manure ◽

First Year ◽

Liquid Manure ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Feasible Alternative ◽

Reactor Operating ◽

Nitrogen Elimination

The results obtained during the first year of execution of a joint Russian-Dutch project “The development of integrated anaerobic-aerobic treatment of liquid manure streams with maximisation of production of valuable by-products (fertilisers, biogas) and re-utilisation of water” (1999–2001) are discussed. The application of a straw filter was an effective means to separate the solid and liquid fractions of diluted pig manure wastewater and resulted in the removal of a significant part of the dry matter, total nitrogen and phosphorus (65, 27 and 32%, respectively). From the filtrate generated, 60–80 % of the COD was removed in a UASB reactor operating at 20–30°C. Up to 66% of phosphate was precipitated after air stripping of the CO2 from the anaerobic effluents. Ammonia was efficiently removed (>99%) from the anaerobic effluents using zeolite (Ural laumantite) as an ion exchanger. However, the N-content of the resulting zeolite was too low to be used as a fertiliser. A feasible alternative for nitrogen elimination involved nitrification of the anaerobic effluent followed by denitrification in a UASB reactor using the COD of the filtrated manure wastewater as carbon source.

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Cluster Analysis of Myelin Nerve Fibers of the Periferal Nerve

Archive of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.21802/acm.2020.1.6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Omelian Yurakh ◽

Oksana Popadynets ◽

Halyna Yurakh ◽

Mykhailo Osypchuk ◽

Nadiya Tokaruk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Myelin Sheath ◽

Statistical Processing ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Software Environment ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Axial Cylinder

One of the unsolved issues in neuromorphology is the classification of myelin nerve fibers (MNF). Objective: to use cluster analysis to classify the sciatic nerve MNF. Material and methods. The work was performed using 5 one-year-old male Wistar rats. Semi-thin sections were stained with methylene blue. MNF morphometry was performed using ImageJ, and statistical processing – using the software environment R. Results of the study. Ward’s and k-means methods were used to cluster the MNF. Three clusters of MNFs are defined and their parameters are determined. The presented algorithm for adapting the literature data to the format of the obtained results includes determining the total average for the combined set of each indicator and the total variance, which is the sum of intragroup and intergroup variances. Conclusions: 1) for the classification of MNF it is advisable to use cluster analysis; 2) clustering should be performed according to the transsection areas of the axial cylinder and myelin sheath; 3) the number of clusters is determined by the agglomerative method of Ward, and their metrics – by the iterative method of k-means; 4) three clusters of MNF of the rat sciatic nerve differ in the transsection areas of the fibers, the axial cylinder and the myelin sheath and the percentage of nerve fibers; 5) when comparing identical indicators according to the obtained and literature data, the results were equivalent in the areas of the axial cylinder and myelin sheath and their shape coefficients, despite the fact that the classification of myelin fibers and their morphometry was performed using different methods.

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Fate of Animal Viruses in Effluent from Liquid Farm Wastes

Journal of Milk and Food Technology ◽

10.4315/0022-2747-39.3.214 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 214-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. B. DERBYSHIRE

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Pig Manure ◽

Liquid Manure ◽

Run Off ◽

Three Samples ◽

Field Samples ◽

On Farm

Various aspects of viral pollution of the environment associated with disposal of liquid farm manure on agricultural land are being investigated. Techniques have been developed for concentration and recovery of animal viruses from various field samples. Seventeen of 22 samples of liquid manure from a swine fattening house yielded enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and a coronavirus. One enterovirus was isolated from six samples of waste from a swine farrowing house, but no virus was isolated from 18 samples of liquid cattle manure obtained from a dairy farm. A swine enterovirus was isolated from surface soil samples collected up to 8 days after liquid manure was spread on agricultural land. A swine enterovirus was also isolated from 2 of 26 samples of surface run-off collected from sites at which liquid pig manure was routinely spread on agricultural land. Thirty three samples of surface water and 36 samples of ground water were collected in areas in which liquid pig manure was routinely spread on farm land, and a swine enterovirus was isolated from one surface water sample. Field and laboratory experiments indicated that enteroviruses are more rapidly inactivated in aerated liquid manure than in untreated manure.

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Algicidal bacterium CZBC1 inhibits the growth of Oscillatoria chlorina, Oscillatoria tenuis, and Oscillatoria planctonica

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-019-0872-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiao-Juan Hu ◽

Yu Xu ◽

Hao-Chang Su ◽

Wu-Jie Xu ◽

Li-Hua Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Algal Species ◽

Algicidal Bacteria ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Algicidal Bacterium ◽

Cyanobacteria Blooms ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Harmful Cyanobacteria

Abstract Frequent harmful cyanobacteria blooms limit the sustainable development of aquaculture. Algicidal bacteria can efficiently control harmful algae without secondary pollution. The algicidal bacteria CZBC1 can lyse Oscillatoria spp. and other harmful cyanobacteria, but its effector mechanism and algicidal threshold are unknown. In this study, we examined the algicidal effect of CZBC1 on O. chlorina, O. tenuis, and O. planctonica by microscopic enumeration and scanning electron microscopy observation. Then, we examined the alginolytic effects of CZBC1 (concentrations 103–106 colony forming units (cfu)/mL) on these three species (concentrations 103–106 cells/mL) to determine the effective concentrations of CZBC1 for Oscillatoria spp. alginolysis. Results showed that CZBC1 can directly lyse O. chlorina and O. tenuis but indirectly lyse O. planctonica. When the initial concentration of CZBC1 was 106 cfu/mL, alginolytic effects were high for all three species at all concentrations, and the alginolytic rate could reach 100% in 3–9 days. When the initial concentration of CZBC1 was lower (103 cfu/mL), its inhibitory effects were delayed by 2–5 days, but the cell counts were significantly decreased compared with the control, evidencing significant alginolysis. In addition, the higher the concentration of the algicidal bacteria suspension, the more significant the alginolytic effects. Our results indicate that CZBC1 has different alginolytic mechanisms for O. chlorina, O. tenuis, and O. planctonica, and that different initial concentrations of CZBC1 have different alginolytic effects on these algal species.

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RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A MOBILE UNITFOR LIQUID MANURE SEPARATION INTO FRACTIONS

Vestnik Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta ◽

10.53083/1996-4277-2021-205-11-98-103 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 98-103

Author(s):

A.V. Baryshnikov ◽

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Rotation Frequency ◽

Federal District ◽

Basic Element ◽

Separation Process ◽

Pig Manure ◽

Liquid Manure ◽

Mobile Unit ◽

Large Farms

The research conducted earlier in our country was mainly aimed at solving the problem of rational use of liquid manure produced in large pig breeding enterprises. How-ever, more than 70% of pork is produced on small, medi-um-size and large farms represented by several technolog-ical premises. In these enterprises, the issues of pro-cessing liquid manure as the experience of their operation in the Southern Federal District shows are resolved unsat-isfactorily. One of the advanced solutions is the use of a mobile unit for the separation of liquid pig manure into frac-tions, the basic element of which is a brush auger. The separation process in the auger occurs in the filtration zones with the production of sediment and squeezing with the production of a solid fraction. The results of experi-mental studies to determine the moisture content of the sediment in various parts of the filtration zone arepresent-ed. It has been found that this indicator depends on the length of the filtration and dewatering zones, the angle of inclination of the screw to the horizon and the rotation fre-quency of the screw. The obtained results allowed deter-mining the length of the filtration and dewatering zones, the sum of which should not exceed 4 m, the angle of inclina-tion of the auger -up to 30° and the rotation frequency within 6.3-9.4 s-1. At the same time, the moisture content of the sediment at the exit from the dewatering zone is from 83.5% up to 78.8%

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ECOSYSTEM FOR RECYCLING ORGANIC WASTE OF LIVESTOCK

VESTNIK RIAZANSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO AGROTEHNOLOGICHESKOGO UNIVERSITETA IM. P.A. KOSTYCHEVA ◽

10.36508/rsatu.2020.48.4.012 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 84-91

Author(s):

С.Н. БОРЫЧЕВ ◽

И.А. УСПЕНСКИЙ ◽

И.А. ЮХИН ◽

Н.В. ЛИМАРЕНКО

Keyword(s):

Organic Waste ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Energy Carrier ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Pig Manure ◽

Liquid Manure ◽

Ground Waters ◽

Unit Costs

Проблема и цель. Перспективным энергоносителем, потенциал которого в полной мере можно использовать лишь при обеспечении допустимого уровня его санитарно-эпидемиологической безопасности, является бесподстилочный навоз. В зависимости от природно-климатических условий, технологии содержания животных и способа удаления его агрохимические свойства могут существенно отличаться. Поэтому важным критерием энергетически и экологически эффективной утилизации является понимание направления дальнейшего использования. Целью данного исследования является разработка методики оценки потенциала органических отходов животновдства как эффективного энергоносителя. Методология. Приведена классификация типов органических отходов животноводства в зависимости от направлений их утилизации. Произведена оценка среднегодового объёма образуемого навоза, на основании которой сформулированы основные параметры энергетически эффективной их утилизации: удельные затраты на сбор, транспортировку и внесение отходов, МДж; удельные затраты на обеззараживание, МДж; энергетический потенциал, характеризующий отношение валовой и обменной энергии энергоносителя, МДж; биоэнергетический кпд, определяющий пролонгированность агрохимического эффекта к использованному потенциалу внесённого удобрения в течение 3-5 лет в соответствии с севооборотом, природно-климатическими и агрохимическими условиями. Результаты. Представлена модель взаимодействия животноводческих комплексов с атмосферой, почвой, поверхностными и грунтовыми водами в виде экосистемы, позволяющей оценить основные категории элементов, взаимодействующих с окружающей средой на всех этапах утилизации бесподстилочного навоза. Основными элементами, выбрасываемыми в атмосферу при утилизации свиного бесподстилочного навоза, являются: аммиак NH3, оксид азота N2O, метан CH4, оксид углерода CO2; в почву, поверхностные и грунтовые воды: оксид фосфора P2O5, соли азотной кислоты в виде нитрат анионов NO3-, сульфатредукторы, а также патогенные формы колониеобразующих единиц (КОЕ) общих колиформных бактерий (ОКБ), бляшкообразующих единиц (БОЕ), термотолерантных колиформных бактерий (ТТКБ), фекальных стрептококков (ФКСТК). Доказано, что наиболее существенной операцией, определяющей уровень санитарно-эпидемиологической безопасности утилизируемого органического материала, является его обеззараживание. Заключение. Наибольшую экологическую нагрузку и патогенность представляют жидкие отходы свиноводства при бесподстилочном содержании животных. Соответственно, важным фактором, определяющим безопасность экосистемы утилизации органических отходов животноводства, является определение оптимальных параметров их обеззараживания. Problem and purpose. Liquid manure is a promising energy carrier, the potential of which can be fully used only if the acceptable level of its sanitary and epidemiological safety is ensured. Depending on the natural and climatic conditions, the technology of keeping animals and the method of disposal, its agrochemical properties can difer signifcantly. Therefore, an important criterion for energy and environmentally efcient disposal is understanding the direction of further use. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for assessing the potential of organic waste from animal husbandry as an efective energy source. Methodology. The classifcation of types of organic waste from animal husbandry, depending on the directions of their utilization, is given. An assessment of the average annual volume of manure generated was made, on the basis of which the main parameters of their energy-efcient utilization were formulated: unit costs for collection, transportation and introduction of waste, MJ; unit costs for disinfection, MJ; energy potential, which characterizes the ratio of gross and exchangeable energy of an energy carrier, MJ; bioenergetic efciency, which determines the prolongation of the agrochemical efect to the used potential of the applied fertilizer for 3-5 years in accordance with the crop rotation, climatic and agrochemical conditions. Results. A model of the interaction of livestock breeding complexes with the atmosphere, soil, surface and ground waters in the form of an ecosystem is presented, which makes it possible to assess the main categories of elements interacting with the environment at all stages of the disposal of liquid manure. The main elements emitted into the atmosphere during the utilization of liquid pig manure are: ammonia NH3, nitrogen oxide N2O, methane CH4, carbon monoxide CO2; into soil, surface and ground waters: phosphorus oxide P2O5, nitric acid salts in the form of nitrate anions NO3-, sulfate reducers, as well as pathogenic forms of colony-forming units (CFU) of total coliform bacteria (TCB), plaque-forming units (PFU), thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TTCB), fecal streptococci (FCSTC). It has been proven that the most essential operation that determines the level of sanitary and epidemiological safety of utilized organic material is its disinfection. Conclusion. The greatest environmental load and pathogenicity are caused by liquid waste from pig breeding with liquid keeping of animals. Accordingly, an important factor determining the safety of the ecosystem for the utilization of organic waste from animal husbandry is the determination of the optimal parameters for their disinfection

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Formation of the Kaolin Structure Treated by Pressure

Недропользование ◽

10.15593/2712-8008/2020.1.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 9-16

Author(s):

Valerii V. Seredin ◽

◽

Andrey V. Andrianov ◽

Sharibzan Kh. Gaynanov ◽

Vladislav I. Galkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Hydrogen Bonds ◽

Pressure Range ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Colloid Particle ◽

Structural Elements ◽

Technological Properties ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Clay Particles ◽

Hole Energy

To form the technological properties of clays, various methods of their activation have been developed, the essence of which is that when processing clays, their structure (defectiveness) changes, which forms the energy potential of clay particles, and the latter is realized in the form of "specified" physicochemical properties of clays. In this regard, the effect of stress pressure on the change in the defectiveness of structural elements of kaolin was studied. Experimental studies showed that the pressure value P = 150 MPa was the boundary value at which different conditions for the formation of defectiveness of structural elements of kaolin were observed. High pressure has a multidirectional effect on the defectiveness formation of the kaolin structural elements: a package, a mineral, a colloid and an aggregate. In a package of kaolinite mineral, the defectiveness increases with increasing pressure. Defects are formed due to the removal of Al, Fe, Mg, Si ions from the octahedral and tetrahedral sheets. Al ions are the most sensitive to pressure. The removal of ions entails deformation of the packet and the formation of "hole" energy centers. Pressure up to 0–150 MPa has a greater effect on the formation of defectiveness (calculated correlation coefficient rс = 0.86) than in the range 150–800 MPa (rс = 0.82). In the kaolinite mineral at pressures up to 150 MPa, a decrease in defectiveness is observed due to the ordering of the structure under pressure (rс = 0.67). At pressures above 150 MPa, an increase in the defectiveness of the kaolinite mineral (rс = –0.72) is observed due to the destruction of hydrogen bonds between the packets, which entails the sliding and rotation of the structural packets among themselves. In a colloid (particle), with an increase in pressure to 150 MPa, the structural defect decreases due to an increase in the colloid density (rс = 0.67). In the pressure range of 150–800 MPa, it is rather difficult to reveal the effect of pressure on the formation of defectiveness (rс = 0.37). In the aggregate, with an increase in pressure to 150 MPa, the defectiveness of the structure increases due to crushing of particles, sliding and displacement of particles among themselves (rс = 0.95). In the pressure range of 150–800 MPa, it is rather difficult to reveal the influence of pressure on the formation of defectiveness (rс = 0.58), although the tendency increases with increasing pressure, the defectiveness of the aggregate remains.

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Bioenergetics’ potential of the poultry and swine wastes in Belgorod region of Russia

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/845/1/012147 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 845 (1) ◽

pp. 012147

Author(s):

I V Miroshnichenko ◽

V A Lomazov ◽

D A Petrosov ◽

A S Oskina

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Total Yield ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Heat Energy ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Specific Yield ◽

Pig Manure ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Biogas Productivity

Abstract Studies of biogas productivity of broiler chicken manure and fattening pig manure collected at the enterprises of Belgorod region of Russia were carried out. The specific yield of biogas from broiler chicken manure was 0,449±0,014 m3/kg of organic matter (oDM), methane specific yield – 0,256±0,008 m3/kg of oDM, from pig manure – 0,300±0,006 and 0,185±0,005 m3/kg oDM, respectively. The annual yield of these substrates in the region was calculated. The energy potential of substrates conversion into biogas was determined: the total yield of electric energy will be 9.339 billion kWh, heat energy - 10.322 billion kWh per year, or 25.585 and 28.279 million kWh per day, respectively.

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