scholarly journals Phenology and reproduction of Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg (Myrtaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. L. Araújo ◽  
E. R. B. Souza
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Sexual Propagation

The Campomanesia genus has several species with high diversity of uses. C. adamantium is one such species with high economic potential due to the varied potential uses of fruits and other plant parts. Like most native Cerrado species, there is a lack of agronomic information that will enable the start of commercial crops, in this regard the information on growth and development of plants and propagation of this species should be prioritized. Now, the information we have of the Campomanesia genus allows us to relate the reproductive period with high temperatures and the begining of rains, but could not find data in the literature about C. adamantium. For most species in this genus, the usual way propagation is via seeds is, therefore important to determine the period during which the embryos are more apt to produce a good seedling, period known how physiological maturity. The correlation of physiological maturity of seeds with fruits aspects are more practical and simple ways to guide the collection of seeds. For this species are correlated with the total soluble solids. For other species of the genus, as C. xanthocarpa is possible to correlate the maturity of seeds with the color of the epicarp. Existing assessments on the use of seeds in the spread of C. adamantium reporting low germination rates, unsatisfactory development of plants in the field beyond the sensitivity of drying and storage, characteristics of recalcitrant seeds. In literature data showed maintaining the viability of C. adamantium when seed water content is levels approaching 15% but with high sensitivity to storage. Biometrical characteristics of fruits and seeds are also important in the search for high-quality propagation material, in addition to providing important information about the genetic variability of populations and identification of species of the same genus. Just the high physiological quality of seeds is not guarantee for the success on seedling emergence, the environmental conditions during the germination process are essential to the seed and seedling behavior. Among these external conditions, temperature and substrate are worth mentioning, there are optimal temperatures and substrates for the performance of the germination process of plant species. Temperature affects speed, rate and uniformity of germination while the substrate is the physical medium in which the seed is inserted and has the important function of maintaining the proper conditions for germination. For C. adamantium has been reported the highest percentage of germination at relatively high temperatures, 25 ° C, with a lack of data on promising substrates. This material gathered important information about phenology and sexual propagation of Myrtaceae family species, specially to gabiroba.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Temperature in the Emergence of Maize Seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloisa O. dos Santos ◽  
Renato C. C. Vasconcellos ◽  
Beatriz de Pauli ◽  
Raquel M. O. Pires ◽  
Elise M. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
High And Low Temperatures

Temperature is one of the most important factors in the germination process, which influences the absorption of nutrients required for growth and development of the plant, germination uniformity, and seed vigor maintenance. Low temperatures can result in deformation of the leaves and the apex of the plant, and high temperatures hamper the development of them. The objective of this work was to evaluate the ideal temperature values for germination in each genetic material used, highlighting the most suitable for each condition. The experiment was conducted at the Central Seed Laboratory at the Department of Agriculture of the Lavras Federal University, where germination percentage, first germination count, seedling emergence and emergence speed were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a factorial scheme of 4 × 5, in which it was analyzed four lines (L30, L64, L63, and L91) at five different germination temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ºC). An analysis of variance was done and for the comparison between means, the Scott Knott test was used, at a 5% probability. It can be observed that the lines L63 and L91 were more susceptible to low germination temperatures and lines L30 and L64 do not tolerate high temperatures. Also, the evaluation of temperature-controlled substrate germination proved to be a promising technique to identify tolerant and susceptible lines for germination in both high and low temperatures.

Soybean seedling emergence at high temperatures

1988 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soybean Seedling

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of Artibeus fimbriatus Gray 1838 (Chiroptera) at the southern limit of its geographic range

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila S. Lima ◽  
Marta Elena Fabián
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
Pregnant Females

Abstract Bats of the Phyllostomidae family exhibit different reproductive patterns in Neotropical regions and the strategy adopted depends on the regional climate. Here we studied the reproductive biology of Artibeus fimbriatus at the southern limit of their distribution in Brazil. This region has no rainy season, and the climate is characterized by high temperatures and variable photoperiods. We examined 129 A. fimbriatus females over several months, and used histological procedures where necessary in order to determine whether bats were pregnant. Females exhibited a long reproductive period and were pregnant from June until February. The reproduction events were found to be dependent on the photoperiod, but independent of annual accumulated precipitation. Our results show that at the southern limit of their distribution, A. fimbriatus exhibit seasonal-dependent reproductive patterns, with parturition events occurring during spring and summer, in which the days are longer and temperature is warmer.

scholarly journals Impact of Environmental Factors on Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence of White Clover (Trifolium repens L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Lei Chu ◽  
Yiping Gao ◽  
Lingling Chen ◽  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
David Jespersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is cultivated as a forage crop and planted in various landscapes for soil conservation. There are numerous reports of failed white clover stands each year. A good understanding of the seed germination biology of white clover in relation to environmental factors is essential to achieve successful stand establishment. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts of light, temperature, planting depth, drought, and salt stress on seed germination and the emergence of white clover. White clover is negatively photoblastic, and seed germination averaged 63 and 66% under light and complete dark conditions 4 weeks after planting (WAP), respectively. Temperature affected the seed germination speed and rate. At 1 WAP, seeds incubated at 15 to 25 °C demonstrated a significantly higher germination rate than the low temperatures at 5 and 10 °C; however, the germination rate did not differ among the temperature treatments at 4 WAP. The results suggest that white clover germination decreases with increasing sowing depths, and the seeds should be sown on the soil surface or shallowly buried at a depth ≤1 cm to achieve an optimal emergence. White clover seeds exhibited high sensitivity to drought and salinity stress. The osmotic potential and NaCl concentration required to inhibit 50% seed germination were −0.19 MPa and 62.4 mM, respectively. Overall, these findings provide quantifiable explanations for inconsistent establishment observed in field conditions. The results obtained in this research can be used to develop effective planting strategies and support the successful establishment of white clover stands.

scholarly journals Fruit maturation stage on the physiological quality of maroon cucumber seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleisson Dener da Silva ◽  
Andréia Márcia Santos de Souza David ◽  
Josiane Cantuária Figueiredo ◽  
Jorge Luiz Rodrigues Barbosa ◽  
Rayane Aguiar Alves
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Photography Analysis ◽  
The Ideal

ABSTRACT To obtain seeds of high physiological quality, it is of paramount importance to define the ideal harvest moment, which oftentimes corresponds to the period when the physiological maturity is reached. This experiment aimed to study the maturation process and determine the best harvest season of maroon cucumber fruits (Liso Gibão cultivar), in order to reach the maximum physiological seed quality. The flowers were labeled during the anthesis and the fruits harvested at 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days after the anthesis (DAA). The fruits had their visual aspects registered by photography analysis and, later, the seeds were extracted for physical (water and dry matter contents) and physiological (germination, seedling emergence, emergence speed index, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity) analyses. It was observed that the seeds reach the maximum dry mass (8.08 mg seed-1) between 47 and 49 DAA. However, the seed physiological maturity, characterized by a maximum germination (70 %) and vigor, occurs at 56 DDA. The best season to harvest seeds with a higher physiological quality takes place from 49 to 56 DDA, when the fruits present a yellowish color.

scholarly journals Physiological maturity and drying speed in the quality of zucchini ( Cucurbita pepo L.) seeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Hellismar Wakson da Silva ◽  
João Almir Oliveira ◽  
Lucinda Helena Fragoso Monfort ◽  
Jodson Moraes dos Santos ◽  
Ana Clara Reis Trancoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Seed Health Test

Abstract: Harvesting and drying are essential procedures to obtain high quality seeds as well as for their conservation during storage. The goal of this research was to identify the physiological maturity stage and to verify the effect of drying speeds on the quality of zucchini seeds. A completely randomized design in a 3x2x2 factor scheme was used, involving three fruit maturation stages (49, 56 and 63 days after anthesis - DAA), two drying speeds (slow and quick) and two storage periods (0 and 6 months). Seed quality was evaluated by germination, first count, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, tetrazolium, seedling emergence, emergence speed index and seed health test. Moisture content, thousand seed mass and percentage full seeds were also evaluated. Zucchini seeds reach maximum quality at 49 DAA. Slow or quick drying and storage do not affect the physiological quality of seeds that were harvested at 49 DAA. The delayed harvest of fruits reduces the quality of seeds. Quick drying reduces the incidence of the fungi Alternaria, Cladosporium, Phoma and Fusarium, and increases the occurrence of Aspergillus and Penicillium.

The development of seed quality in spring barley in four environments. II. Field emergence and seedling size

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pieta Filho ◽  
R. H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Positive Correlations

AbstractThe field emergence ability of a total of 88 seed lots of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) harvested serially during development in 2 years was compared, as was the size of the resultant seedlings. For seedsproduced in each year, field emergence and the mean dry weight of emerged seedlings were significantly greater for seed lots harvested some timeafter physiological maturity (end of the seed-filling period) than for those harvested at or before this developmental stage. This is compatiblewith results for the potential longevity of these lots. It is concluded that barley seed quality continues to increase after physiological maturity, and that the developing seeds attain maximum quality (however this is assessed) close to when the seed crop can be combine harvested. Positive correlations were detected between seedling emergence and seed dry weight (P<0.05) and between the mean dry weight of emerged seedlings and seed dry weight (P<0.005) among seed lots harvested close to when maximum quality was attained in four seed production environments.

Seedling emergence, pod development, and seed yields of chickpea and dry pea in a semiarid environment

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. T. Gan ◽  
P. R. Miller ◽  
P. H. Liu ◽  
F. C. Stevenson ◽  
C. L. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Heat Units ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
Seed Yields

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an annual legume, has recently been introduced to western Canada, and is being rapidly adopted in the semiarid prairies, but little information exists on the crop establishment and agronomic management. A field study was conducted from 1998 to 2000 in southwestern Saskatchewan to determine effect of planting dates on seedling emergence, pod development, and seed yields for two market classes of chickpea (i.e., small- and large-seeded) compared to dry pea (Pisum sativum L.). The early-planted chickpea required 8 more days to emerge than late-planted chickpea. Averaged over the two planting dates, small-seeded chickpea required 103 heat units (base 5°C) to emerge compared to 110 for large-seeded chickpea and 97 for dry pea. Compared to the respective late-planting, the reproductive period (flowering to maturity) was 4 d longer for the early-planted chickpea, allowing the plants to use 49 (or 9%) more accumulated heat units. Consequently, the early-planted chickpea produced 17% more fertile pods per plant than the late-planted chickpea. Seed yields averaged 2.17 t ha-1 for small-seeded chickpea, 1.88 t ha-1 for large-seeded chickpea, and 3.54 t ha-1 for dry pea. With early planting, chickpea increased seed yields by 7.5% in 1998, 14% in 1999, and 18.5% in 2000, and dry pea increased seed yield by 37% in 1998, 9% in 1999, and 14% in 2000. The small-seeded chickpea had 53% more fertile pods per plant, and produced 15% higher seed yield than large-seeded chickpea. Seed yields of both chickpea and dry pea in a semiarid environment can be enhanced by management practices that promote early seedling emergence, prolonged reproductive period, and increased pod fertility. Key words: Seeding date, fertile pods, seed size, Cicer arietinum, Pisum sativum

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