scholarly journals The importance of plant diversity in the ecological management of insects in agroecosystems: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
P. A. S. Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Ecological Management ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Farm Planning ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to evaluate the importance of plant diversity in insect management in agroecosystems.The conventional management of agroecosystems is based on monoculture, with exploitation of plant genotypes susceptible to pests and diseases, with intense use of agrochemicals and soil mechanization. The impact on agroecosystem biodiversity by intensifying agronomic practices results in losses of important ecological functions: decomposition, nutrient cycling, predation and parasitism. The potential of plant diversity in the sustainability of agroecosystems is recommended through practices such as intercropping, agroforestry systems, management of cover crops, spontaneous herbs and the use of plants attractive to natural enemies and as pest traps. Farm planning should take into account some level of plant diversification to avoid pest insect outbreaks. Thus, it will be possible to reduce pesticides in conventional system, and reduce the number of interventions with alternative substances in farm in agroecological systems.

scholarly journals Characterising the Coffee-Banana Agroforestry Systems: an Entry Point for Promoting Coffee and Banana Growing in mid-Northern Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Godfrey H. Kagezi ◽  
P. Kucel ◽  
J. Kobusinge ◽  
L. L. Nakibuule ◽  
F. Akwatulira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
The Right

This study was conducted in the mid-Northern Ugandan districts of Nwoya, Gulu, Lira, Apach and Oyam to characterise the coffee-banana agroforestry systems. Thirty fields with coffee-banana agroforestry systems were selected and the level of field and crop management determined. Additionally, five coffee and banana plants were randomly selected and assessed for pests and diseases. All fields had Robusta coffee type whereas cooking bananas were the dominant clone (45%). Field management was limited. More than 80% of the fields had no bands, trenches or cover-crops. Most of the fields were lowly weeded (46.7%) and mulched (60%). Intercropping was low with 20% having maize or cassava. Similarly, most fields were lowly inter-planted with trees (40%) with only 28 tree/shrub species and dominated by fruit trees; namely oranges (70%), mangoes (63.3%) and pawpaw (56.7%) of the total number of tree species observed in the systems. Generally, 40% of coffee fields had not been de-suckered, pruned or changed cycle. However, at least 35% of the coffee fields were highly pruned and their cycle changed. For bananas, more than 70% of the fields were not de-suckered, propped or their corms removed, but 63% of them had been de-leafed and de-budded at a low to moderate level. Leaf skeletonisers and coffee leaf rust were the most observed pest (77.3%) and disease (15.3%) respectively. Pest damage was limited in bananas, though black Sigatoka was the commonest disease observed (56%). It is concluded that the region has embraced the systems but there is need for farmers to be provided with the right species of coffee, banana and trees.Keywords: Agroforestry-systems, cooking-bananas, Robusta-coffee.

scholarly journals Does Traditional Agroforestry a Sustainable Production System in Bangladesh? An Analysis of Socioeconomic and Ecological Perspectives

Conservation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Kazi Kamrul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Saifullah ◽  
Kimihiko Hyakumura
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Social ◽  
Traditional Agroforestry ◽  
Benefit Cost

In the tropics, products and services provided by the traditional agroforestry systems (TAS) support the basic needs and promote the livelihood of millions of rural people. However, the outcomes and mitigation of TAS, in particular, the social and environmental issues are not systematically addressed. Thus, the objective of the study was to assess the economic, social and environmental outcomes of two important TAS in Bangladesh. This study reports results on prospective analyses using the Date palm and Jackfruit-based TAS practiced in the Jashore and Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh. The results revealed that the TAS enhanced farm productivity and the benefit–cost ratio of both systems were much higher than the general agricultural practices in Bangladesh. The TAS also improved resilience of rural farmers through more efficient water utilization, enhancing soil fertility, improving microclimate, controlling pests and diseases, and diversifying products. At the same time, the farmers’ problems were neglected due to the absence of farmers’ platforms, and also tradeoffs may arise; thus, the social aspects of the TAS farmers had not developed equally. Therefore, the study would recommend minimizing the tradeoffs through enhancing the conservation strategies at farmers’ levels to make the TAS more viable and sustainable land-use practices.

Restoration of floral diversity through plantations on abandoned agricultural land

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1218-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G Newmaster ◽  
F Wayne Bell ◽  
Christopher R Roosenboom ◽  
Heather A Cole ◽  
William D Towill
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Community Interactions ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
The Impact

Plantations have been claimed to be "monocultures", or "biological deserts". We investigated these claims in the context of a long-term study on plant diversity within plantations with different indigenous tree species, spacings, and soil types that were compared with 410 native stands. Soil type had no influence on plantation species diversity or abundance, and wider spacing resulted in higher richness, lower woody plant abundance, slightly higher cover of herbaceous plants, and large increases in cryptogam cover. We also found a canopy species × spacing interaction effect, where the impact of increased spacing on understory vegetation was more pronounced in spruce than in pine plantations. The dynamic community interactions among species of feathermoss appear to be in response to the physical impediment from varying amounts of needle rain from the different tree species. High light interception and needle fall were negatively correlated with understory plant diversity, as was lack of structural diversity. This study indicates that through afforestation efforts agricultural lands can be restored to productive forests that can harbour nearly one-half of the plant species found in equivalent natural forests within the same geographic region in as little as 50 years. We recommend applying afforestation using indigenous conifer species as a first step towards rehabilitating conifer forests that have been converted to agriculture and subsequently abandoned.

The impact of forest roads on understory plant diversity in temperate hornbeam-beech forests of Northern Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 189 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azade Deljouei ◽  
Ehsan Abdi ◽  
Matteo Marcantonio ◽  
Baris Majnounian ◽  
Valerio Amici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Understory Plant ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Pengaruh Magnesium, Boron, dan Pupuk Hayati terhadap Produktivitas Cabai serta Serangan Hama dan Penyakit (Effect of Magnesium, Boron, and Biofertilizers on Chili Pepper Productivity and Impact of Pests and Diseases)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Wiwin Setiawati ◽  
Ahsol Hasyim ◽  
Bagus Kukuh Udiarto ◽  
Abdi Hudayya
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Impact

<p>Penggunaan pupuk hayati dan unsur hara makro sekunder seperti magnesium (Mg) dan hara mikro boron (B) diketahui dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan, kualitas hasil tanaman, meningkatkan unsur hara dalam tanah serta mampu meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit. Selain itu penggunaan pupuk tersebut dapat mengurangi kebutuhan terhadap pupuk kimia sintetis. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi Mg, B, dan kombinasinya dengan pupuk hayati terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil panen serta penekanan serangan hama dan penyakit. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang, Jawa Barat (1.250 m dpl.) dari bulan Juni 2018 sampai bulan Februari 2019. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok terdiri atas delapan perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah aplikasi Mg, B, dan kombinasi dengan pupuk hayati serta teknologi konvensional sebagai pembanding. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman dan luas kanopi), komponen hasil dan hasil serta serangan hama dan penyakit penting yang menyerang tanaman cabai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi Mg, B, dan pupuk hayati yang diaplikasikan sebanyak dua kali pada umur 30 HST dan 45 HST mampu meningkatkan produktivitas cabai sebesar 21,68 ton/ha atau meningkat sebesar 54,53% dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Peningkatan produktivitas cabai terjadi karena adanya perbaikan dalam komponen hasil seperti jumlah bunga, jumlah buah, panjang, dan bobot buah serta adanya penekanan terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit seperti trips, antraknosa, lalat buah, dan penggerek buah sebesar 18,10% sampai 23,93%.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p><em>Capsicum annuum</em>; Unsur hara makro; Pupuk hayati; Produktivitas; Organisme pengganggu tumbuhan</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The use of biofertilizer and macro and micro nutrients enhanced the growth and development, yield quality of vegetable crops as well as nutrient status of soil to a greater extent and to increased on pests and diseases resistance. Organic sources of nutrients including biofertilizers also economize the use of chemical fertilizers. The objectives of this study were to determine the best combination of Mg, B, and biofertilizer that increase the growth and yield of chili pepper and the impact to pest and diseases on chili pepper. The field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, Lembang, West Java from June 2018 to February 2019. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with eight treatments and four replicated. The treatments were Mg, B, and their combinations with biofertilizer compared to the conventional technologies as a control. The observations were carried out on the growth parameters (plant height and leaf canopy), yield components, pest and diseases of chili pepper. The results showed that the combinations of Mg, B, and biofertilizer increased the yield of chili up to 21.68 ton/ha or positive interaction beside beneficial agent with Mg, B, and biofertilizer package on 54.53%. Increased productivity of chili occurs because of improvements in yield components such as the number of flowers, number of fruits, fruit length and fruit weight and reduction of pest and disease attacks such as thrips, anthracnose, fruit flies and, fruit borers by 18.10% to 23.93%.</p>

scholarly journals History and impact of a bean (Phaseolus spp., Leguminosae, Phaseoleae) collection

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
Daniel Debouck ◽  
Marcela Santaella ◽  
Luis Guillermo Santos
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Tropical Agriculture ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Resources Conservation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conservation And Management

This work explains the reasons why a bean collection was established in 1973 at the International Center of Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) near Palmira in Colombia. It shows the impact of the collection on plant breeding and in agricultural development through the distribution of germplasm to the center’s bean breeding program, to successively find resistances to pests and diseases, adaptation to low phosphorus and drought, and more recently higher content of iron and zinc in seeds. The collection was also used to progress knowledge in biological sciences, as shown by a dozen of examples. A reason behind these successes was foresight and focus on diversity per se in the collection. The paper ends with a number of suggestions for the way ahead for the genetic resources conservation and management of these bean crops, and possible take-home lessons for curators in charge of other similar collections.

scholarly journals Efek Tiga Jenis Pohon Penaung terhadap Keragaman Serangga pada Pertanaman Kopi di Perkebunan Rakyat Manglayang, Kecamatan Cilengkrang, Kabupaten Bandung

Agrikultura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siska Rasiska ◽  
Abdirrassyiddin Khairullah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Pinus Merkusii

ABSTRACTThe Effects of Three Types of Shade Trees on the Diversity of Insects in Coffee PlantationArabican coffee (Coffea arabica) is one of the plantation commodities that has economic, social, and ecological value in Indonesia. Commonly, coffee is grown in a shaded condition that will affect the diversity of insects. This research was aimed to study the effects of three types of shade trees on the diversity of insects in coffee plants. This research was conducted at Manglayang Peasant Coffee Plantation, Cipulus Village, Cilengkrang Subdistrict, Bandung Regency and the Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The method used was descriptive survey through observation with systematic diagonal method in selected locations based on three types of shade trees, namely suren (Toona sureni Merr), white teak (Gmelina arborea Roxb), and pine (Pinus merkusii Jungh). The results showed that diversity index of the insects of coffee plants in suren shade trees was low to medium, and the highest percentage of abundance was Empoasca sp. Coffee plant diversity index of the insects with white teak shade trees were medium with highest percentage abundance in the Agromyzidae family and Emposca sp. Coffee plant diversity index of the insect with pine shading trees was low to moderate with the highest abundance of Empoasca sp. and Agromyzidae family.Keywords: Shade tree, Diversity, Insect, Coffee plantABSTRAKKopi arabika (Coffea arabica) merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi, sosial, dan ekologis bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Pada umumnya, kopi ditanam pada kondisi ternaungi sehingga akan berpengaruh terhadap keragaman serangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efek dari tiga jenis pohon penaung terhadap keragaman serangga pada pertanaman kopi. Penelitian dilakukan di Perkebunan Kopi Rakyat Manglayang, Desa Cipulus, Kecamatan Cilengkrang, Kabupaten Bandung dan Laboratorium Entomologi, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei deskriptif dengan cara observasi dengan metode diagonal sistematis pada beberapa lokasi yang dipilih berdasarkan tiga jenis pohon penaung, yaitu suren (Toona sureni Merr), jati putih (Gmelina arborea Roxb), dan pinus (Pinus merkusii Jungh). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serangga tanaman kopi pada tanaman penaung suren indeks keragamannya rendah sampai sedang, dan persentase kelimpahan tertingginya adalah Empoasca sp. Serangga tanaman kopi dengan pohon penaung jati putih indeks keragamannya sedang dengan persentase kelimpahan tertinggi pada family Agromyzidae dan Emposca sp. Serangga tanaman kopi dengan pohon penaung pinus indeks keragamannya rendah hingga sedang dengan kelimpahan tertinggi Empoasca sp. dan famili Agromyzidae.Kata Kunci: Pohon penaung, Keragaman, Serangga, Tanaman kopi

scholarly journals Prospek Pengembangan Agroforestri Berbasis Kopi di Indonesia

Perspektif ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANDI SUPRIADI ◽  
DIBYO PRANOWO
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Status ◽  
Income Development ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Role Based

<div><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Keterbatasan lahan pertanian mendorong masyarakat/ petani membuka lahan baru di kawasan hutan, dengan cara menebang dan membongkar tanaman hutan serta membakar sisa-sisa tanaman dan semak belukar, akibatnya lahan menjadi kritis. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah melalui penerapan sistem agroforestri berbasis kopi. Agroforestri berbasis kopi yang sudah dikembangkan petani berperan dalam : (1) Konservasi lahan, air dan keanekaragaman hayati, (2) Penambahan unsur hara lahan, (3) Pengendalian iklim mikro, (4) Penambahan cadangan karbon (5) Menekan serangan hama dan penyakit dan (6) Peningkatan pendapatan petani. Agroforestri berbasis kopi telah dipraktekkan oleh petani pada berbagai wilayah di Indonesia, diantaranya di Lampung Barat (pola hutan kemasyarakatan dan hutan desa), Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah (pola pengelolaan hutan bersama masyarakat). Tantangan/masalah yang dijumpai pada agroforestri berbasis kopi diantaranya (1) Tingkat pengetahun petani tentang budidaya agroforestri berbasis kopi yang masih rendah, (2) Terbatasnya modal usaha dan (3) Ketidakpastian status lahan usaha. Upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dapat dilalukan melalui pelatihan dan pendampingan teknologi budidaya, bantuan modal usaha dan kepastian hukum status lahan. Pengembangan agroforesti berbasis kopi diarahkan pada dikawasan hutan milik Perum Perhutani, hutan kemasyarakan (HKm) dan hutan desa (HD) yang luasnya masing-masing 2.250.172; 2.500.000 dan 500.000 ha. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi peran agroforestri berbasis kopi terhadap lingkungan, dan ekonomi petani serta prospek pengembangannya di Indonesia.<br />Kata kunci: Tanaman kopi, agroforestri, tanaman penaung, lingkungan, pendapatan, pengembangan<br /><br />ABSTRACT<br />Prospects of Agroforestry Development Based on Coffee in Indonesia</p><p>Limitations of agricultural land to encourage people/ farmers open up new land in forest areas, by felling tree forests and forcing open plants and burning the remains of plants and shrubs as a result of land being serious critical. One effort to over come the problem is through the implementation of a coffee-based agroforestry systems. Role-based on agroforestry coffee farmers that have been developed, by farmers involve on (1) Conserve land, water and biodiversity, (2) Add of nutrients lands, (3) Control of microclimate, (4) Add of carbon stocks (5) Suppress pests and diseases, and (6) Enhancement to the income of farmers. Coffee-based agroforestry has been practiced by farmers in various regions in Indonesia, including in West Lampung (patterns of community forestry and forest villages), West Java and Central Java (forest management with communities). Challenge/problems encountered in the coffee-based agroforestry include (1) The level of knowledge of farmers on the cultivation of coffee-based agroforestry still low, (2) Lack of venture capital and (3) The uncertainty of the status of business land. Efforts to overcome these problems can through training and mentoring cultivation technology, venture capital assistance and legal certainty of land status. Development direction of coffee-based agroforestry can be done conduct of region-owned Perum Perhutani, community forestry (CF) and village forest (VF) which covers each 2.250.172; 2.500.000 and 500.000 ha. This paper aims to identify the role of coffee-based agroforestry on the environment, and the economy of farmers and development prospect in Indonesia.<br />Keywords: Coffee sp., agroforestry, shade plants, environment, income, development</p></div>

scholarly journals Species ethnobotanical values rather than regional species pool determine plant diversity in agroforestry systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K. N’Woueni ◽  
Orou G. Gaoue
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Species Pool ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Regional Species Pool

AbstractThe conversion of natural systems into farms and agroecosystems is the main cause of biodiversity loss. In human-dominated landscapes, understanding the interactions between agroforestry systems and adjacent natural vegetation is fundamental to developing sustainable agricultural systems. Species can move between these two systems with natural systems providing the regional pool of species that shape the agricultural values and conservation value of the agroforestry systems. We investigated the influence of neighboring natural habitats on traditional agroforestry systems in the buffer zone of Pendjari Biosphere Reserve in Benin to understand the contribution of regional processes on the quality of agroforestry systems. We expected that agroforestry parklands adjacent to natural vegetation with high species diversity will also have higher plant species diversity. We found no similarity in plant species composition between agroforestry systems and adjacent natural habitats. A small proportion of species in adjacent natural habitats were found in agroforestry systems. The proportion of shared species was not significantly influenced by plant diversity in adjacent natural habitats or the distance from the agroforestry systems to the natural adjacent habitat. However, plant diversity in agroforestry systems was strongly associated with site ethnobotanical values indicating that farmers act as a supplemental but severe environmental filter of the regional species pool. Our study suggests that promoting the plantation of plants with high ethnobotanical use-value is a potentially viable strategy for sustainable agriculture and ecological restoration in Biosphere reserves.

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