Reference areas and edaphoclimatic variables: support for the choice of tree species in the restoration of riparian forests in Southern Brazil

Identifying factors involved in the choice of species for forest restoration is a great challenge, given the wide range of biotic and abiotic factors that may influence ecosystem trajectories. This review aims to highlight the information from reference areas and edaphoclimatic factors as aids in the choice of forest species to be used in the restoration of riparian forests, especially for the southern of Brazil. Native forest species of natural occurrence in riparian areas offer the potential for recovering these environments, depending on the ecological group and stage of ecological succession where they are naturally present. However, floristic and phytosociological surveys in well-preserved remnant riparian forests with no anthropogenic interference and in areas at different stages of natural succession are needed. This will enable the identification of the most representative species which are adapted to the conditions of local sites. Additionally, information must be correlated with chemical, physical and biological aspects of the soil as well as ecological processes and climatic characteristics, enabling the proper choice of species. Thus, the components of soil-plant-atmosphere system must be incorporated into the degraded environments in order to achieve an integrated recovery of ecological processes.

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Evaluation and potential use of native forest species in the recovery of a legal reserve in the Western Amazon

Revista Agro mbiente On-line ◽

10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v13i0.5615 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Marta Silvana Volpato Sccoti ◽

Mirian Gusmão De Jesus ◽

Dalvan Possimoser ◽

Scheila Cristina Biazatti ◽

João Fideles Brito Junior

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Ecological Group ◽

Native Forest ◽

Forest Species ◽

Human Occupation ◽

Group A ◽

Set Up ◽

Dipteryx Odorata ◽

Potential Use

The Brazilian Amazon, which has been heavily devastated by exploratory processes and human occupation, has great value in terms of forest resources. As such, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of native forest species to constitute productive agroforestry systems that can be set up in areas of legal reserve. A floristic/phytosociological survey was carried out of tree individuals with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥10 cm in 12 plots of 50 x 100 m (0.5 ha). From the data, species with a density of greater than three trees ha-1 were selected, and evaluated for use and ecological group. A total of 180 species distributed in 40 botanical families were identified, of which only 23 species presented an absolute density (AD) ≥3 trees ha-1, indicating that the occurrence of most species in the area is rare. Species such as Copaifera multijuga, Dinizia excelsa, Peltogyne paniculata, Tachigali chrysophylla, Dipteryx odorata, Bertholletia excelsa and Hevea brasiliensis are used commercially and may be indicated for production systems. As a result, native Amazonian forest species have great potential for use in recovery programs, promoting the recovery of local biodiversity and the development of small rural properties. However, it is necessary to invest in research and the development of public policy to support such initiatives.

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ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIVE FOREST SPECIES IN RIPARIAN RECOVERY FOREST IN THE PIAUITINGA RIVER, SERGIPE, BRAZIL.

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v50i2.62987 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1325

Author(s):

Dráuzio Correia Gama ◽

Robério Anastácio Ferreira ◽

Janisson Batista de Jesus

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Block Design ◽

Riparian Forests ◽

Forest Recovery ◽

Native Forest ◽

Forest Species ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Sapindus Saponaria ◽

Guazuma Ulmifolia

The riparian forests of the Piauitinga river Basin, Sergipe state, Brazil, are severely degraded, requiring urgent actions aimed their recovery. In this way, the present work was carried out with the objective of analyzing the establishment of native forest species, implanted in a degraded section of riparian forest of the Piauitinga river, in the municipality of Lagarto state of Sergipe, aiming the forest recovery of this area. It was performed the planting of five native forest species, including pioneers and non-pioneers specie, arranged in a randomized block design, in a total of 200 individuals, distributed in 10 individuals with spacing of 1,5m x 1,5m. The Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. species obtained the best results regarding survival, height (111.94 cm) and diameter at soil height (22.89 mm). Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Tapirira guianensis Aubl. and Sapindus saponaria L. showed to be able to withstand the adversities of the studied environment, and can be recommended in future projects of recovery of the ciliary forests of that planning unit.

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Revisiting the Functional Zoning Concept under Climate Change to Expand the Portfolio of Adaptation Options

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12030273 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 273

Author(s):

Samuel Royer-Tardif ◽

Jürgen Bauhus ◽

Frédérik Doyon ◽

Philippe Nolet ◽

Nelson Thiffault ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Multiple Use ◽

Management Options ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Good Communication ◽

Management Objectives ◽

Functional Zoning ◽

Wide Range ◽

Adaptation Options

Climate change is threatening our ability to manage forest ecosystems sustainably. Despite strong consensus on the need for a broad portfolio of options to face this challenge, diversified management options have yet to be widely implemented. Inspired by functional zoning, a concept aimed at optimizing biodiversity conservation and wood production in multiple-use forest landscapes, we present a portfolio of management options that intersects management objectives with forest vulnerability to better address the wide range of goals inherent to forest management under climate change. Using this approach, we illustrate how different adaptation options could be implemented when faced with impacts related to climate change and its uncertainty. These options range from establishing ecological reserves in climatic refuges, where self-organizing ecological processes can result in resilient forests, to intensive plantation silviculture that could ensure a stable wood supply in an uncertain future. While adaptation measures in forests that are less vulnerable correspond to the traditional functional zoning management objectives, forests with higher vulnerability might be candidates for transformative measures as they may be more susceptible to abrupt changes in structure and composition. To illustrate how this portfolio of management options could be applied, we present a theoretical case study for the eastern boreal forest of Canada. Even if these options are supported by solid evidence, their implementation across the landscape may present some challenges and will require good communication among stakeholders and with the public.

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PERSISTÊNCIA NO SOLO DE INÓCULO DE Beauveria bassiana EMPREGADO PARA O CONTROLE DE Hedypathes betulinus EM PLANTIO DE Ilex paraguariensis

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v41i1.21194 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Larissa Rolim Borges ◽

Sônia Maria Noemberg Lazzari ◽

Ida Chapaval Pimentel ◽

Lívia Cardoso Bueno de Camargo ◽

Lílian Mattos Kalinoski

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Control Measures ◽

Ilex Paraguariensis ◽

Natural Occurrence ◽

Yerba Mate ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Wood Borer

O controle da broca-da-erva-mate, Hedypathes betulinus, limita-se ao emprego de práticas silviculturais e catação manual dos insetos adultos, não sendo permitido o uso de inseticidas químicos na cultura. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivos verificar a presença natural de Beauveria bassiana no solo de plantio em monocultura de erva-mate, determinar a persistência de B. bassiana no solo após duas e três aplicações do fungo e averiguar a influência de fatores abióticos na estabilidade do fungo no solo. O estudo foi conduzido em um erval no município de Campo Alegre, Santa Catarina, Brasil, onde foram coletadas amostras de solo em duas áreas, para avaliação da presença natural de inóculos do fungo B. bassiana, procedendo-se à contagem, isolamento e identificação.Não foi detectada a ocorrência natural do fungo no solo em nenhuma das duas áreas. Após essa confirmação, foram realizadas pulverizações com B. bassiana em ambas as áreas, sendo que em uma ocorreram duas e na outra três aplicações. Após a última pulverização, realizada em fevereiro/2006, verificou-se que os inóculos do fungo persistiram por 90 dias na área com duas aplicações e 120 dias na área com três aplicações. A temperatura afetou a persistência do fungo no solo em ambas as áreas, mas a umidade relativa não mostrou influência sobre os inóculos em campo.Palavras-chave: Broca-da-erva-mate; controle biológico; epizootia; fungo entomopatogênico. AbstractPersistence in soil of inoculum of Beauveria bassiana used to control Hedypathes betulinus in yerba maté plantation, Ilex paraguariensis. Control measures of Hedypathes betulinus are restricted to agricultural practices and hand picking of adult insects. No chemical control is allowed in yerba maté cultivation areas. The objectives of this research were to verify the natural occurrence of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in the soil of yerba maté in monoculture; to determine the persistence of inoculums in the soil after applications of the fungus; and to evaluate the influence of abiotic factors on fungus stability in the soil. The soil samples were taken from two experimental areas in a yerba maté plantation in the county of Campo Alegre, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The samples were analyzed in order to count, isolate and identify inoculums of B. bassiana and other fungi. After the confirmation that B. bassiana was not present in the soil, a suspension of the fungus was applied, twice in one of the areas and three times in the other. After the last application in February/2006, the inoculum persisted for 90 and 120 days, in the area with two and three applications, respectively. The temperature affected the persistence of B. bassiana in soil; however, the relative humidity did not.Keywords: Biological control; epizooty; entomopathogenic fungus; wood borer.

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ESTOQUES DE BIOMASSA E NUTRIENTES EM TRÊS ESPÉCIES DE Parkia EM PLANTIOS JOVENS SOBRE ÁREA DEGRADADA NA AMAZÔNIA CENTRAL

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v44i4.34135 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 637

Author(s):

Karen C.P. da Costa ◽

João B.S. Ferraz ◽

Rodrigo P. Bastos ◽

Tatiane Da S. Reis ◽

Marciel J. Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Forest ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Nutrient Accumulation ◽

Forest Species ◽

Coarse Roots ◽

Stem Wood ◽

Degraded Area ◽

Below Ground ◽

O 10 ◽

Harvest Method

As estratégias de distribuição de biomassa e nutrientes utilizadas pelas espécies florestais podem refletir sua capacidade de sobrevivência em plantios sobre áreas degradadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar os estoques de biomassa e nutrientes nos compartimentos arbóreos de Parkia multijuga, Parkia nitida e Parkia pendula em plantios sobre área degradada em Manaus, AM. A biomassa foi determinada pelo método destrutivo em seis árvores de cada espécie, que foram compartimentadas em: folhas, galhos finos (Ø <10 cm), galhos grossos (Ø ≥10 cm), fuste, raízes médias (2 mm ≤ Ø <5 cm) e raízes grossas (Ø ≥5 cm). Aos quatro anos, Parkia multijuga exibiu 60% do total de biomassa nos compartimentos aéreos e 40% nos subterrâneos. Parkia nitida exibiu 84% nos compartimentos aéreos e apenas 16% nos subterrâneos. Parkia pendula exibiu 67% nos compartimentos aéreos e 33% nos subterrâneos. A ordem de acúmulo de macronutrientes nos compartimentos foi: N > Ca > K > Mg > P. O fato de Parkia multijuga adotar estratégias de alocação de biomassa e nutrientes que favorecerão seu desempenho sobre sítios com baixa disponibilidade de recursos sustenta sua indicação para a composição de programas de reflorestamento em áreas degradadas na Amazônia.Palavras-chave: Espécies florestais nativas; nutrição florestal; reflorestamento; restauração. AbstractBiomass and nutrients in three species of Parkia plantings on degraded area in Central Amazon. Biomass and nutrients partitioning strategies in tree species may reflect their ability to survive in plantations on degraded areas. The objective of this study was to investigate the content of biomass and nutrients in tree components of Parkia multijuga, Parkia nitida and Parkia pendula on plantings in degraded area in Manaus, AM. The biomass was determined by the harvest method in six trees of each species, which were subdivided into leaves, fine branches (Ø < 10 cm), coarse branches (Ø ≥10 cm), stem wood, medium roots (≤ 2 mm Ø < 5 cm ) and coarse roots (Ø ≥ 5 cm). At 4 years, Parkia multijuga allocated 60% of the total biomass to above-ground components and 40% to below-ground. Parkia nitida allocated 84% to above-ground and 16% to below-ground. Parkia pendula allocated 67% to above-ground components and 33% to below-ground. The order of the nutrient accumulation in tree compartments was: N > Ca > K > Mg > P. Parkia multijuga, by adopting better strategies of distribution of biomass and nutrients, it is a recommended species for reforestation programs on degraded sites in the Amazon.Keywords: Native forest species; forest nutrition; reforestation; restoration.

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Effect of Environmental Factors on Germination and Emergence of Shortawn Foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2017.42 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 47-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ning Zhao ◽

Qi Li ◽

Wenlei Guo ◽

Lele Zhang ◽

Lu’an Ge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Osmotic Potential ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Burial Depth ◽

Effective Measure ◽

Wide Range

Shortawn foxtail is an invasive grass weed infesting winter wheat and canola production in China. A better understanding of the germination ecology of shortawn foxtail would help to develop better control strategies for this weed. Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to evaluate the effects of various abiotic factors, including temperature, light, pH, osmotic stress, salt concentration, and planting depth, on seed germination and seedling emergence of shortawn foxtail. The results showed that the seed germination rate was greater than 90% over a wide range of constant (5 to 25C) and alternating (15/5 to 35/25C) temperatures. Maximum germination occurred at 20C or 25/15C, and no germination occurred at 35C. Light did not appear to have any effect on seed germination. Shortawn foxtail germination was 27% to 99% over a pH range of 4 to 10, and higher germination was obtained at alkaline pH values ranging from 7 to 10. Seed germination was sensitive to osmotic potential and completely inhibited at an osmotic potential of −0.6 MPa, but it was tolerant to salinity: germination even occurred at 200 mM NaCl (5%). Seedling emergence was highest (98%) when seeds were placed on the soil surface but declined with the increasing burial depth. No seedlings emerged when seeds were buried 6-cm deep. Deep tillage could be an effective measure to limit seed germination from increased burial depth. The results of this study will lead to a better understanding of the requirements for shortawn foxtail germination and emergence and will provide information that could contribute to its control.

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EVALUATION OF SUBSTRATES AND AMF SPORULATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF SEEDLINGS OF NATIVE FOREST SPECIES

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/0100-67622016000200007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 245-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luciana de Moura Gonzaga ◽

Sarah Santos da Silva ◽

Silvane de Almeida Campos ◽

Rodrigo de Paula Ferreira ◽

André Narvaes da Rocha Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Forest Restoration ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Native Forest ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Forest Species ◽

Hymenaea Courbaril ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Potential Use

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate organic substrates in the production of canafistula (Peltophorum dubium) (Spreng.) Taub, cutieira (Joannesiaprinceps Vell.), jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L.) and rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis M. Arg.) seedlings, native trees with potential use in forest restoration programs. The design was completely randomized with 10 substrate formulations with 4 repetitions of 3 plants for the four species. The evaluated substrates consisted of soil, bovine manure (BM), poultry manure (PM), chemical fertilizer (CF) and sand, in different proportions. The experiment was concluded at the end of 180 days for canafistula, cutieira and rubber and 210 days for jatoba. At the end of these periods, the root (RDM), shoot (SDM) and total (TDM) the dry matters of the seedlings were determined. Quantification of AMF spores and normalization between samples through SPORES/RDM correction were also performed. The Scott-Knott test at 5% probability was applied. Regarding biomass production, only canafistula had significant difference among the tested substrates. In relation to sporulation, the highest values were observed in cutieira and rubber tree in substrate containing PM. The substrates composed of 40 or 50% soil + 20% sand + 30% or 40 PM for canafistula; 50% soil + 20% sand + 30% PM for cutieira; and for jatoba and rubber tree 60% soil + 20% sand + 20% PM, enabled the best results in terms of biomass production in seedlings and AMF sporulation.

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PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF NATIVE FOREST SEEDS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON DIRECT SEEDING FOR RESTORATION OF CILIARY FOREST

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v51i2.58181 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 255

Author(s):

Janisson Batista de Jesus ◽

Robério Anastácio Ferreira ◽

Dráuzio Correia Gama ◽

Maria Fernanda Oliveira Torres

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Riparian Forests ◽

Direct Seeding ◽

Native Forest ◽

Morphometric Characteristics ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Successful Recovery ◽

Physiological Attributes ◽

Four Blocks ◽

Forest Seeds

Knowing the relationship between the physical and physiological characteristics of native forest seeds is essential for the successful recovery of riparian forests. Thus, the work was carried out to analyze the physical and physiological parameters of seeds of native forest species for use in the recovery of riparian forests by direct seeding. Were evaluated the physical quality (water content, mass, the weight of one thousand seeds, and the number of seeds per kilogram), morphometric characteristics (length, width, and thickness), and physiological quality in the laboratory (viability) of Cassia grandis L.f., Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong., Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., and Libidibia ferrea var. leiostachya (Benth.) LPQueiroz. The experiment in the field was implanted in a randomized block design (RBD) with four blocks, testing seeds treated to overcome the four species dormancy. The direct sowing was in 10 planting lines, each composed of 10 pits (30 x 30 x 30 cm), spaced 2.0 x 1.0 m. E. contortisiliquum seeds, despite having the highest values for physical and morphometric characteristics, and having a high percentage of germination, was the species with the lowest percentage of emergence in the field, being below G. ulmifolia, which has seeds of smaller size and weight, and L. ferrea var. leiostachya which, despite having low germination, was the second with the highest percentage of emergence. The study allowed us to observe that there was no direct relationship between the physical and physiological attributes of forest seeds and their ability to emerge.

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Resposta de Handroanthus heptaphyllus Mattos em diferentes volumes de substrato e adubação de base.

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v50i4.65644 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 1770

Author(s):

Thaise Da Silva TONETTO ◽

Maristela Machado Araujo ◽

Álvaro Luís Pasquetti Berghetti ◽

Márcio Carlos Navroski

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Quality Index ◽

Lower Cost ◽

Dry Mass ◽

High Dose ◽

Native Forest ◽

Forest Species ◽

Definition Of ◽

Appropriate Practices ◽

Dickson Quality Index

Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Martius) Mattos response in different volumes of substrate and base fertilization. The native forest species require the adoption of appropriate practices in the nursery, such as the definition of the container volume and base fertilizer, to develop seedlings at lower cost. Thus, this study aimed to verify the performance of Handroanthus heptaphyllus seedlings grown in nurseries in different sizes of containers and different dosage of controlled release fertilizer (CRF). There was interaction between the volume of container and the fertilization for the height (H), stem diameter (SD), and H/SD relation. The shoot dry mass variable (SDM), root dry mass (RDM), total dry mass (TDM), SDM/RDM relation, Dickson quality index (DCI) and leaf area (LA) were influenced only by the base fertilizer. The highest values for these variables were, respectively, 15.68 cm; 6.55 mm, 2.58 cm mm-1; 2.05 g; 2.03 g; 3.84 g; 1.46; 1.15 and 246.97 cm². The H. heptaphyllus species is nutritionally demanding, positively responding to the high dose of CRF. Seedlings of H. heptaphyllus produced in tubes of 180 cm³ with 7.0 g L-1 of CRF present adequate growth.

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GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF Paratecoma peroba SEEDLINGS IN DIFFERENT TUBE VOLUMES AND CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZERS

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v50i3.65120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 1613

Author(s):

Thais Arão Feletti ◽

Emanuel França Araújo ◽

Elzimar De Oliveira Gonçalves ◽

Thamara Arão Feletti ◽

Aline Ramalho Dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Integrated System ◽

Native Forest ◽

Forest Species ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Growth And Nutrition ◽

Nutritional Balance ◽

Balance Index

Paratecoma peroba is a native forest species of great economic and ecological interest, currently at risk of extinction from selective and illegal exploitation; however, there are no established parameters for the production of seedlings of this species. The objective of this study was to analyze the growth and nutritional balance of P. peroba seedlings grown in polypropylene tubes of different sizes with variable doses of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). Three volumes of tubes (120, 180, and 280 cm3), four CRF doses (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 kg m-3), and a conventional mineral fertilizer (CF) were tested as indicated in the literature for native forest species: arranged in a completely randomized design in a 3 × 5 factorial scheme, with four replicates composed of 16 seedlings. After 180 days, the percentage of survival, growth variables, indices of the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system, and the average nutrient balance index of the seedlings were analyzed. Based on the total dry matter and the mean nutritional balance index, the combination of a 280 cm³ tube with a 7.5 kg m-3 CRF dose was the most effective in the production of P. peroba seedlings.

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