scholarly journals Assess the severity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolate on peas Pisum sativum. L

2019 ◽  
pp. 316-326
Author(s):  
Zanib Al-Sadiq Al-bozidy ◽  
Najat Khalifa El-Gariani ◽  
Mohammed Alsaghir
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Fungal Suspension

Pisum sativum. L is one of the most important legumes and vegetables. It is an essential source of energy and highly rich in protein. Peas are affected by many plant diseases, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which affects many vegetable and field crops plants causing significant losses in agricultural production. S. sclerotiorum was isolated from infected pea pods on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. the percentage of seed germination was investigated for both local and Italian varities, also the effect of fungus on seeds and bodes was evaluated. Results of this study showed that the percentage of seed germination in the local varity was 98%, while in the Italian varity 90%. The ability of pathogenicity was high on seeds and bods of the local variety. and also the effect of S. sclerotiorum suspension when using perlite showed that the fungus hed a high effecte on the plant growth and seed germination comparied with sclerotia treatment on local variety only, while the effect of fungal suspension decreased seed and plant germination on petmous comparied with sclerotia treatment.

Some Seed Traits and Their Relationships to Seed Germination and Field Emergence in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkut Peksen ◽  
Aysun Peksen . ◽  
Hatice Bozoglu . ◽  
Ali Gulumser .
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Field Emergence

scholarly journals Changes in productivity and yield components in four field crops sown on damaged by frost crops of winter oilseed canola

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delchev Grozi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Foliar Treatment ◽  
Chickpea Cultivar

During 2016 - 2018 was conducted a field experiment. On areas with damaged by frost winter oilseed canola, were sowed and 4 field crops: 1 chickpea cultivar - Kabule (Cicer arietinum L.); 1 forage pea cultivar - Mir (Pisum sativum L.); 1 milk thistle cultivar - Silmar (Silybum marianum Gaertn.); 1 coriander cultivar - Lozen (Coriandrum sativum L.). The same variants were planted on areas under conventional soil cultivation for each of these crops. After plowing of canola crops, it is more appropriate to sow chickpea in which weed control is carried out by soil treatment with herbicide Merlin flex, followed by foliar treatment with herbicide tank mixture Challenge + Shadow. After plowing areas with damaged by frost winter oilseed canola without any problems can be sown forage pea. Milk thistle and coriander are suitable crops for sowing on areas after damaged by frost winter oilseed canola. The differences in productivities and yield components of chickpea, forage pea, milk thistle and coriander, sown on damaged by frost areas of winter oilseed canola and in normal sowing, are small and mathematically unproven.

scholarly journals Cold Plasma Affects Germination and Fungal Community Structure of Buckwheat Seeds

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Jure Mravlje ◽  
Marjana Regvar ◽  
Pia Starič ◽  
Miran Mozetič ◽  
Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Seeding Material

Crop seeds are frequently colonised by fungi from the field or storage places. Some fungi can cause plant diseases or produce mycotoxins, compromising the use of seeds as seeding material, food or feed. We have investigated the effects of cold plasma (CP) on seed germination and diversity of seed-borne fungi in common and Tartary buckwheat. The seeds were treated with CP for 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 s in a low-pressure radiofrequency system using oxygen as the feed gas. The fungi from the seed surface and fungal endophytes were isolated using potato dextrose agar plates. After identification by molecular methods, the frequency and diversity of fungal strains were compared between CP treated and chemically surface-sterilised (30% of H2O2) seeds. CP treatments above 60 s negatively affected the germination of both buckwheat species. A significant reduction in fungal frequency and diversity was observed after 90 s and 120 s in common and Tartary buckwheat, respectively. The filamentous fungi of genera Alternaria and Epicoccum proved to be the most resistant to CP. The results of our study indicate that CP treatment used in our study may be applicable in postharvest and food production, but not for further seed sowing.

scholarly journals Estimation of Biological Toxicity by Copper oxychloride on Pisum sativum L. and Vigna radiata L.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirban Paul ◽  
Koyel Das Bairagya ◽  
Nirmalya Banerjee ◽  
Anjalika Roy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Abnormality Index ◽  
Total Seed

Background: This research work describes about toxicity estimation of commonly used fungicide copper oxychloride using Pisum sativum L. and Vigna radiata L. as a bioindicator. Methods: The seeds of P. sativum and V. radiata were treated with different concentrations of fungicide. Biological toxicity measured by seed germination percentage, R/P ratio, total leaf chlorophyll, total leaf proline, total seed protein, mitotic index, abnormality index and mitotic inhibition. Result: Linear regression analysis showed that seed germination percentage, total seed protein, abnormality index and mitotic inhibition show positive correlation with increasing concentration of fungicide copper oxychloride. The R/P ratio of 4th and 8th days, mitotic index, total leaf chlorophyll and leaf proline have negative correlation along increasing concentration of fungicide. However total leaf proline of V. radiata at 2% concentration of fungicide is abruptly higher than control and other concentrations. The application of copper oxychloride at lower concentration can be used as a safe fungicide.

scholarly journals Impact of Bisphenol A on seed germination, radicle length and cytogenetic alterations in Pisum sativum L

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sazada Siddiqui ◽  
Saad Abdurahamn Muhammad Al Amri ◽  
Huda Ahmed Al Ghamdy ◽  
Wadha Saad Saeed Alqahtani ◽  
Sarah Mohammed Alquyr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Chromosomal Anomalies ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells ◽  
Radicle Length

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a global transpiring pollutant and an endocrine disruptor present in the environment which has a substantial harmful effect on plants. In the present study, its effects on seed germination, radicle length and cytogenetic alterations were investigated in Pisum sativum L root tip cells. Pisum sativum L seeds were germinated after treating with various concentrations of BPA (2 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 15 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 25 mg/L) at 24±1°C for 72 hours and the cytogenetic variations were assessed. The investigation showed that BPA reduced the percentage of seed germination, mitotic index, radicle length (at higher concentrations) and instigated a rise in chromosomal anomalies in a dose-related manner. In total, there is an enhanced occurrence of c-mitosis, stickiness, bridges, fragments and laggards in the BPA treated root tip cells of Pisum sativum L seeds.

scholarly journals Impact of Salinity Stress on Germination and Growth of Pea (Pisum sativum L) Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-159
Author(s):  
Amal F Ehtaiwwesh ◽  
Munira J Emsahel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Germination And Growth

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of salinity stress on germination and growth of pea (Pisum sativum L) plants. A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on germination and growth of pea Pisum sativum L plant. Seeds of pea were sown in Petri dishes and pots and treated with four different levels of salinity (0, 50, 100, and 150mM NaCl) with completely randomized designs in four replications. Results revealed that seeds of pea were able to germinate at low salinity levels (NaCl 50mM NaCl) without a significant decrease in germination and growth traits, at the same time as a severe decrease in those traits were recorded at higher levels of salinity (100 and 150mM NaCl). The results indicated that seed germination and seedling establishment were inhibited due to the decrease of water potential, which results in the decline in water uptake by seeds, and seed germination was prevented by a high level of salinity stress (150mM NaCl). The results pointed out that germination percentage (GP), mean daily germination (MDG), germination speed (GS), and vigor index (SVI) varied under moderate and high salinity levels. All the studied parameters were reduced with increasing the NaCl level. The max and min GP, MDG, GS, and SVI were observed under control conditions (0mM NaCl) and highest salinity level (150mM NaCl) respectively. The same trend was seen in plant growth traits including: plant height, branch number, leaf number, leaf area, and shoot fresh and dry weight. The results provided important reference information for research on the impact of salinity on germination and growth of pea.

scholarly journals Analysis and Identification of QTL for Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahil Ashtari Mahini ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Elias M. Elias ◽  
Jason D. Fiedler ◽  
Lyndon D. Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

Hormetic Effects of Dimethachlone on Mycelial Growth and Virulence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simin Hu ◽  
li jin li ◽  
Pengju Wang ◽  
Fuxing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Polygalacturonase Gene ◽  
Stimulation Amplitude

Fungicide hormesis has implications for the application of fungicides to control plant diseases. We investigated the hormetic effects of the dicarboximide fungicide dimethachlone on mycelial growth and virulence of the necrotrophic plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Dimethachlone at sublethal doses in potato dextrose agar (PDA) increased the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum. After the growth-stimulated mycelia were sub-cultured on fresh PDA and inoculated on rapeseed leaves, increased mycelial growth and virulence were observed, indicating that hormetic traits were passed down to the next generation. Dimethachlone applied to leaves at 0.002 to 500 μg/mL stimulated virulence, with a maximum stimulation amplitude (MSA) of 31.4% for the isolate HLJ4, which occurred at 2 μg/mL. Dimethachlone resistant isolates and transformants had a mean virulence MSA of 30.4%, which was significantly higher (P = 0.008) than the MSA for sensitive isolates (16.2%). Negative correlations were detected between MSA and virulence in the absence of any fungicide (r = -0.872, P < 0.001) and between MSA and mycelial growth on PDA (r = -0.794, P = 0.002). Studies on hormetic mechanisms indicated that dimethachlone had no significant effects on expression levels of three virulence-associated genes, i.e., a cutinase encoding gene SsCut, a polygalacturonase gene SsPG1, or an oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase gene SsOah1. The results will contribute to understanding hormesis and have implications for the judicious application of fungicides to control plant diseases.

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