Survival of the Soybean Plants Depending on the Integrated Influence of Seeding Method and Seeding Rate in the Eastern Steppe of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-139
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Factor C ◽  
Average Survival Rate

The aim of the research was to establish the effect of the seeding rate and method of sowing on the future survival and density of soy plants before harvesting. The experiments were carried out during 2015–2018 in accordance with the generally accepted methodology. The experience was laid down according to the following scheme: factor A two soybean varieties: Baika and Annushka; factor B three variants of row spacing: 15, 45 and 70 cm; factor C five standards for sowing seeds: 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 million pcs./ha. More favorable weather conditions for the growth and development of plants were formed in 2016, which ensured the formation of the highest density of soybean plants at the time of harvesting. The average survival rate of soybean plants this year was 84.8 %. The greatest density of plants before harvesting was on wide-row crops with 45 cm row-spacing. On average for years, on variants with 15, 45 and 70 cm row-spacing it was 68.6 pcs./m2, 70.3 and 64.7 pcs./m2, respectively. The large density of plants before harvesting on crops with 45 cm row-spacing was due to the higher field germination of seeds, and not to higher plant survival rates. Since, due to a more uniform distribution of plants over the feeding area, which ensured the row method of sowing, their survival was greatest on row crops. So, in the variants with row-spacing of 15, 45 and 70 cm, the average plant survival by years, varieties and seeding rates was 82.3%, 80.4 and 78.2%, respectively. The highest survival rates of soybean plants of the varieties Baika and Annushka were noted on row crops with the lowest seeding rate 0.8 million pcs./ha. The influence of the seeding rate on plant survival with its gradual increase by the same indicator 0.1 million pcs./ha increased. In particular, with its increase from 0.8 to 0.9 million pcs./ha, the average survival rate of soybean plants by varieties and methods of sowing decreased by 0.7%, while from 1.1 to 1.2 million pcs./ha by 1.3%. The influence of the sowing rate was large on the options with 70 cm row spacing. Thus, on an average over the years, the survival rate of soybean plants variety Annushka with an increase in the sowing rate from 0.8 to 1.2 million pcs./ha in crops with 15, 45 and row-spacing 70 cm decreased by 2.5, 3.2 and 4.5%, respectively. This trend was noted in all years of the experiments.

scholarly journals STUDY ON SURVIVABILITY OF NEWLY HATCHED LARVAE OF TWO SPECIES OF PEPPERMINT SHRIMP FED WITH DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS AND DENSITIES OF LIVE FOODS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Indra Pratama ◽  
Hatim Albasri
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Peppermint Shrimp ◽  
Trial Treatment ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Average Survival Rate

This study was aimed to evaluate different types and combinations of live foods in relation to the survivability of newly hatched Lysmata vittata and Lysmata intermedia larvae. The experiment consisted of three trials (different species, combinations, and densities of live foods) arranged in a completely randomized design. The first and second trials were subjected to L. vittata with three treatments for each trial (1A, 1B, 1C for trial-1; 1D, 1E, 1F for trial-2). The third trial consisted of two treatments (2A and 2B) tested on L. intermedia. Each treatment had three replicates. The results showed that the survival rates were low in all treatments. However, each treatment showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on the average survival rate of L. vittata and L. intermedia larvae. In the first trial, treatment 1C was the only one that had survived larvae after day 35 with 4.44% of final average survival rate (FASR). Four of the larvae reached the post-larval stage. In the second trial, treatment 1F showed a better condition than the other treatments with 5.56% FASR. Nevertheless, no larvae in the second trial had transformed to post-larval stage before the experiment ended at day 46. In the third trial, no larvae survived to reach the post-larval stage. In spite of this, treatment 2B had better daily average survival rate (DASR) than treatment 2A. This research concludes that the use of copepods as live food at an early larval stage and Artemia at a later stage is relatively more effective to improve the survival rate of peppermint shrimp larvae.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTRODUCTION PROTOCOL FOR STRAWBERRY PLANTS INTO IN VITRO CULTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (86) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
O.V. Mazneva ◽  
◽  
L.V. Tashmatova ◽  
T.M. Khromova ◽  
V.V. Shakhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Strawberry Plant ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Average Survival Rate

The research was conducted in order to develop an effective protocol for introducing strawberry plants into in vitro culture. The objects of the research were the most popular varieties of strawberries of domestic and foreign selection: Tsaritsa, Bereginya, Florence, Frida, Kimberly, etc. Mercurial preparations mertiolate at a concentration of 0.01% and sulema at a concentration of 0.1% were used as sterilizing agents. The isolation of explants was performed in several periods: the beginning of the growth was in February, active growth was in June, the decline of growth was in August. The studies have shown that the maximum aseptic cultures were obtained when processing strawberry plant material with mercurycontaining sulema preparation in the concentration of 0.1%. At the first stage of micropropagation, explants had a high viability during all periods of the isolation, the average survival rate for varieties was 74.8-80.7%. A significant influence of the genotype (varietal characteristics) on the survival rates of explants was noted. The number of explants suitable for cloning did not depend on the overall level of regeneration. Stabilization of the crop during winter introduction was much faster than in other periods. Using the winter term of the isolation of strawberry explants allowed to increase the yield of explants capable of further cloning, accelerate the stabilization of the culture in vitro and reduce the time for obtaining micro-plants suitable for planting in non-sterile conditions. On average, 75.2% of explants capable of further cloning for the varieties were obtained. As a result of the research, the conditions and methods for obtaining the largest number of viable sterile strawberry explants were worked out, which will be included into the process of reproduction in vitro and further research.

scholarly journals Adaptation, Biometric Traits and Performances of Guayule Lines Grown in Two Mediterranean Environments

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Leonardo Sulas ◽  
Giuseppe Campesi ◽  
Simone Canu ◽  
Antonio M. Carroni ◽  
Antonio Dore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Mediterranean Environments ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Perennial Shrub

The perennial shrub guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray) has gained interest as a potential source of natural and hypoallergenic rubber in Southern Europe. Although, native to northern Mexico, it is suited to semi-arid and Mediterranean environments. A research study was conducted in Sardinia (Italy) to evaluate adaptation and biometric traits of introduced guayule lines and to determine the contents and yields of rubber and resin obtainable from its aboveground biomass. Seedlings of the accessions AZ-1, AZ-2, P803, and 11591 were field transplanted in 2015 at two locations of southern, and northern Sardinia, respectively, differing for annual precipitation. Plant survival rate, height and width, trunk diameter, leaf chlorophyll concentration and photosystem photochemical efficiency were monitored. Shoots were harvested at 30 months after transplanting and were partitioned into twigs and remaining stems and its rubber and resin contents were determined. Location markedly affected plant survival rates and biometric traits. Dry matter yield of aboveground components as well as contents of rubber and resin and plant rubber and resin yields differed significantly among accessions under comparison. We found that AZ1 and 11591 were the most successful accessions at southern Sardinia site, whereas 11591 was the only accession exhibiting a satisfactory plant survival rate in the northern location.

scholarly journals Mortality of Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) workers in contact with colony waste from different plant sources

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G. Lacerda ◽  
T.M.C. Della Lucia ◽  
O.L. Pereira ◽  
L.A. Peternelli ◽  
M.R. Tótola
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Atta Sexdens Rubropilosa ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Ligustrum Japonicum ◽  
Acalypha Wilkesiana ◽  
Plant Sources ◽  
Average Survival Rate

AbstractThe objective of this work was to study the effect of colony waste on the mortality of workers of Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel colonies fed with different plant substrates. Eight nests were used; two colonies each were fed with Acalypha wilkesiana Müller.Arg, Ligustrum japonicum Thunb, Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake or a mixture of the three substrates in equal proportions. Irrespective of diet, being kept with waste led to higher mortality. However, workers that were kept in contact with waste produced by colonies fed Acalypha had higher average survival rate and later death when compared with workers from the other treatments. Workers from the Eucalyptus-fed colonies had the lowest survival rate and 50% of them died within four days of exposure to Eucalyptus waste. Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Gray, a fungus garden antagonist, and the entomopathogen Aspergillus flavus Link. ex Gray were present in the colonies supplied with all plants. The largest fungus diversity was verified in the waste of colonies fed Acalypha and the mixture of Acalypha, Ligustrum and Eucalyptus. Therefore, antibiotic properties of Acalypha did not reduce contaminant diversity but apparently minimized effects of pathogenic microorganisms present in the waste such as Asp. flavus. This may explain the highest survival rate of workers in this treatment.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN AWAL KAYU MERAH (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) PADA PLOT KONSERVASI EX-SITU DI GUNUNGKIDUL UMUR 2 TAHUN

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Yuliah Yuliah ◽  
Ari Fiani ◽  
Tri Pamungkas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Average Survival Rate ◽  
Number Of Branches

Ex-situ conservation plot of kayu merah (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) has been established in Gunungkidul in2016. The purpose of this study was to observe the early growth of kayu merah in the plot at 2 years old. The plot was laid-out in randomized complete block design consisting of 68 families, 4 tree-plot and 5 blocks with spacing of 3 m × 3 m. Genetic materials of kayu merah were collected from 3 populations namely Timor, Flores and Seram. Measurement was conducted in survival rate, tree diameter, tree height and number of branches. The result showed that the average survival rate of family was high (≥80%). Based on the populations, the survival rate of Timor, Flores and Seram were around 95%, 96% and 96.5% respectively. The average height, diameter and number of branches were 275 cm, 2.79 cm and 1.66, respectively. There were significant differences for height, diameter and number of branches among the tested families. In general, family ranking varied among the measured traits. Correlation between the traits varied among the populations. The Seram population showed the top family ranking for all the traits. It indicated that characterization in ex-situ conservation plot using genetic materials collected from the three populations was important for further conservation program of kayu merah.

scholarly journals The soft-release of captive-born Kaiser’s Mountain Newt Neurergus kaiseri (Amphibia: Caudata) into a highland stream, western Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 14259-14267
Author(s):  
Tayebe Salehi ◽  
Vahid Akmali ◽  
Mozafar Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Overall Survival Rate ◽  
International Union ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Average Survival Rate

Captive breeding and reintroduction programs are important conservation tools and are used for increasing the number of plant and animal species worldwide.  The endemic Kaiser’s Mountain Newt Neurergus kaiseri is listed as Vulnerable on the Red List by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and is amended to Appendix I of the Convention of International Trade on Endangered Species (CITES).  In the present study, in order to learn about the survival ability of captive-born newts of N. kaiseri, we conducted a trial translocation of 15 two-year-old captive-born N. kaiseri into the highland stream in Sartakht Village, western Iran.  The survival rate of these newts were determined in two stages, involving early acclimatization in mesh bags and direct release in a highland brook.  In 12 surveys to the translocation site, a total of 86 individuals were identified during spring and summer.  The average survival rate during the acclimatizing phase was 98 ± 0.04 %, while an average survival rate of 12 ± 0.04 % was obtained when the newts were released in the brook.  Applying an average diurnal detection probability obtained for the Yellow Spotted Mountain Newt Neurergus derjugini, the overall survival rate in September when newts began the autumn withdrawal was 13%.  These findings demonstrate that captive-born N. kaiseri released into the wild in controlled conditions can survive during spring and summer and provide information for future reintroduction plan of this species.

scholarly journals Vegetative Propagation of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. by Air Layering under Sahelian Climate in Niger

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Maman Kamal Abdou Habou ◽  
Habou Rabiou ◽  
Laouali Abdou ◽  
Boubacar Moussa Mamoudou ◽  
Ismaël Bio Yandou` ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Average Survival Rate ◽  
Diameter Classes

Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. is a fruit species from the Sahelian and Sudano-sahelian zones, highly appreciated by the population. It provides a source of income for the rural population and its various parts are used for human and animal food, handicrafts and traditional medicine. However, the lack of data on propagation techniques of the species is a significant limitation to its domestication. This study aims to evaluate the vegetative propagation capacity of Balanites aegyptiaca by air layering. The trials were conducted in the Arboretum of Sahara Sahel Foods in Zinder, Niger. The layers were placed on orthotropic branches. The variables selected were the diameter class (1-2 cm, 2-3 cm and 3-4 cm) and the substrates (sand+manure, sand+sawdust and sand). A total of 116 layers were made. The results show that 93.1% of the layers have taken root two months after realization. The diameter classes and the three substrates have no significant influence on the number of roots. In contrast, root length varied significantly with substrates (P = 0.000) and branch diameter classes (P = 0.031). As for the diameter of the newly formed roots, a significant difference was observed between the diameter classes and the substrates have no significant effect on this parameter. One month after weaning of layers, an average survival rate of 68.5% was obtained. The seedlings of the diameter class 2-3 cm have the highest survival rate (83.1%). These results suggest that it is possible to produce Balanites aegyptiaca plants by air layering, and could contribute to the development of strategies adapted to its domestication.

scholarly journals  Winter survival of Phytophthora alni subsp. alni in aerial tissues of black alder        

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Černý ◽  
V. Strnadová
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Pathogen Survival ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Survival Rate ◽  
Potential Climate Change

The winter survival of the invasive pathogen Phytophthora alni subsp. alni in black alder stems was studied in the bankside alder stand of the Moravsk&aacute; Dyje River in southern Bohemia after two very different winter seasons: cold in 2008/2009, with the average temperature of &ndash;1.96&deg;C, and extremely mild in 2006/2007, with the average temperature of 2.54&deg;C. The difference in these two winters resembles the expected potential climate change in Central Europe in this century. After the cold winter of 2008/2009, the pathogen survived in only 13.91% of the samples, with the average survival rate of 2.70%. The pathogen survived the mild winter much better and was successfully isolated from 86.09% of the samples, with the average survival rate of 25.52%. Moreover, the total thickness of the covering tissues (outer + inner bark) and exposure to the most heated southwestern quadrant of stem girth positively affected the pathogen survival. Winter freezing seems to be an important environmental factor regulating the pathogen survival in alder stems and disease severity. &nbsp; &nbsp;

Field germination and preservation of grain sorghum plants depending on the row-spacing width and the seeding rate

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
A.A. Rozhkov ◽  
S.Yu. Davydenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Adaptive Technologies

The results of two-year research on the complex effect of different options of row-spacing width and the seeding rate on field germination and preservation of grain sorghum hybrids plants are presented. Problem statement. The conservatism of agricultural products producers, as well as the lack of adaptive technologies for growing sorghum, is a limiting factor of enlargement of sorghum sowing areas. That is why improving the technology of sorghum growing, which forms high and stable yields under arid conditions, is a relevant task at the current stage of country's agricultural sector development. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of various options of combining the seeding rate and row-spacing width on field germination and preservation of grain sorghum plants under conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Research methods. Research on study the influence of three row-spacing width – 35, 45 and 70 cm and four options of the seeding rates of 100, 140, 180 and 220 thousand pieces/ha on field germination and preservation of sorghum plants of Svat and Flagg hybrids were held in 2019, 2020 on the basis of Farming Enterprise "Dyunis" of Kreminsk District, Luhansk Region. The area of sown and accounting plots was 40.0 and 30.0 m2, respectively. Research results. In experiments we have noted the tendency to increase field germination, under condition of the seeding rate increases and row-spacing widening. The influence of the studying options of the seeding rate and row-spacing on plant preservation was significantly higher than on field germination. On the crops of both hybrids, the influence of the seeding rate to a greater extent manifested on the options with row-spacing of 70 cm. Thus, with an increase in the seeding rate from 100 to 220 thousand pieces/ha, the plant preservation on the options with 35 cm row-spacing decreased by 3.5 %, while on the options with 70 cm row-spacing – by 6.7 %. There was no significant difference between the plant preservation indicators obtained on the options with row-spacing of 35 and 45 cm. With the widening of the row-spacing to 70 cm, this indicator significantly decreased. Conclusions. The studied element of the cultivation technology provided certain changes in the indices of field germination of seeds and the safety of sorghum plants. More influence they have on the safety of the plant, since the start of the growing competition between the plants is much less. An increase in the seeding rate caused a significant decrease in plant preservation, and to a greater extent with an increase in the seeding rate from 180 to 220 thousand pieces/ha. In the seeding rate from 100 to 180 thousand pieces/ha, there was no significant variation in the survival rates of sorghum plants. There was virtually no difference between the survival rates of sorghum plants in variants with row spacing of 35 and 45 cm, which indicates that within the boundaries of these row spacing, the competition between plants does not change significantly. Key words: row-spacing width, seeding rate, sorghum, hybrid, field germination, plants preservation.

scholarly journals Prolonged survival in a Patient with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (133) ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Shukla ◽  
O P Kalra
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Prolonged Survival ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Average Survival Rate

Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with intermittent busulphan therapy havean average survival rate of 2 to 4 years. The authors report here a patient who continues tosurvive beyond one decade on busulphan therapy.

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