scholarly journals STUDY ON SURVIVABILITY OF NEWLY HATCHED LARVAE OF TWO SPECIES OF PEPPERMINT SHRIMP FED WITH DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS AND DENSITIES OF LIVE FOODS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Indra Pratama ◽  
Hatim Albasri
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Peppermint Shrimp ◽  
Trial Treatment ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Average Survival Rate

This study was aimed to evaluate different types and combinations of live foods in relation to the survivability of newly hatched Lysmata vittata and Lysmata intermedia larvae. The experiment consisted of three trials (different species, combinations, and densities of live foods) arranged in a completely randomized design. The first and second trials were subjected to L. vittata with three treatments for each trial (1A, 1B, 1C for trial-1; 1D, 1E, 1F for trial-2). The third trial consisted of two treatments (2A and 2B) tested on L. intermedia. Each treatment had three replicates. The results showed that the survival rates were low in all treatments. However, each treatment showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on the average survival rate of L. vittata and L. intermedia larvae. In the first trial, treatment 1C was the only one that had survived larvae after day 35 with 4.44% of final average survival rate (FASR). Four of the larvae reached the post-larval stage. In the second trial, treatment 1F showed a better condition than the other treatments with 5.56% FASR. Nevertheless, no larvae in the second trial had transformed to post-larval stage before the experiment ended at day 46. In the third trial, no larvae survived to reach the post-larval stage. In spite of this, treatment 2B had better daily average survival rate (DASR) than treatment 2A. This research concludes that the use of copepods as live food at an early larval stage and Artemia at a later stage is relatively more effective to improve the survival rate of peppermint shrimp larvae.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTRODUCTION PROTOCOL FOR STRAWBERRY PLANTS INTO IN VITRO CULTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (86) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
O.V. Mazneva ◽  
◽  
L.V. Tashmatova ◽  
T.M. Khromova ◽  
V.V. Shakhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Strawberry Plant ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Average Survival Rate

The research was conducted in order to develop an effective protocol for introducing strawberry plants into in vitro culture. The objects of the research were the most popular varieties of strawberries of domestic and foreign selection: Tsaritsa, Bereginya, Florence, Frida, Kimberly, etc. Mercurial preparations mertiolate at a concentration of 0.01% and sulema at a concentration of 0.1% were used as sterilizing agents. The isolation of explants was performed in several periods: the beginning of the growth was in February, active growth was in June, the decline of growth was in August. The studies have shown that the maximum aseptic cultures were obtained when processing strawberry plant material with mercurycontaining sulema preparation in the concentration of 0.1%. At the first stage of micropropagation, explants had a high viability during all periods of the isolation, the average survival rate for varieties was 74.8-80.7%. A significant influence of the genotype (varietal characteristics) on the survival rates of explants was noted. The number of explants suitable for cloning did not depend on the overall level of regeneration. Stabilization of the crop during winter introduction was much faster than in other periods. Using the winter term of the isolation of strawberry explants allowed to increase the yield of explants capable of further cloning, accelerate the stabilization of the culture in vitro and reduce the time for obtaining micro-plants suitable for planting in non-sterile conditions. On average, 75.2% of explants capable of further cloning for the varieties were obtained. As a result of the research, the conditions and methods for obtaining the largest number of viable sterile strawberry explants were worked out, which will be included into the process of reproduction in vitro and further research.

Survival of the Soybean Plants Depending on the Integrated Influence of Seeding Method and Seeding Rate in the Eastern Steppe of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-139
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Factor C ◽  
Average Survival Rate

The aim of the research was to establish the effect of the seeding rate and method of sowing on the future survival and density of soy plants before harvesting. The experiments were carried out during 2015–2018 in accordance with the generally accepted methodology. The experience was laid down according to the following scheme: factor A two soybean varieties: Baika and Annushka; factor B three variants of row spacing: 15, 45 and 70 cm; factor C five standards for sowing seeds: 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 million pcs./ha. More favorable weather conditions for the growth and development of plants were formed in 2016, which ensured the formation of the highest density of soybean plants at the time of harvesting. The average survival rate of soybean plants this year was 84.8 %. The greatest density of plants before harvesting was on wide-row crops with 45 cm row-spacing. On average for years, on variants with 15, 45 and 70 cm row-spacing it was 68.6 pcs./m2, 70.3 and 64.7 pcs./m2, respectively. The large density of plants before harvesting on crops with 45 cm row-spacing was due to the higher field germination of seeds, and not to higher plant survival rates. Since, due to a more uniform distribution of plants over the feeding area, which ensured the row method of sowing, their survival was greatest on row crops. So, in the variants with row-spacing of 15, 45 and 70 cm, the average plant survival by years, varieties and seeding rates was 82.3%, 80.4 and 78.2%, respectively. The highest survival rates of soybean plants of the varieties Baika and Annushka were noted on row crops with the lowest seeding rate 0.8 million pcs./ha. The influence of the seeding rate on plant survival with its gradual increase by the same indicator 0.1 million pcs./ha increased. In particular, with its increase from 0.8 to 0.9 million pcs./ha, the average survival rate of soybean plants by varieties and methods of sowing decreased by 0.7%, while from 1.1 to 1.2 million pcs./ha by 1.3%. The influence of the sowing rate was large on the options with 70 cm row spacing. Thus, on an average over the years, the survival rate of soybean plants variety Annushka with an increase in the sowing rate from 0.8 to 1.2 million pcs./ha in crops with 15, 45 and row-spacing 70 cm decreased by 2.5, 3.2 and 4.5%, respectively. This trend was noted in all years of the experiments.

scholarly journals Mortality of Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) workers in contact with colony waste from different plant sources

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G. Lacerda ◽  
T.M.C. Della Lucia ◽  
O.L. Pereira ◽  
L.A. Peternelli ◽  
M.R. Tótola
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Atta Sexdens Rubropilosa ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Ligustrum Japonicum ◽  
Acalypha Wilkesiana ◽  
Plant Sources ◽  
Average Survival Rate

AbstractThe objective of this work was to study the effect of colony waste on the mortality of workers of Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel colonies fed with different plant substrates. Eight nests were used; two colonies each were fed with Acalypha wilkesiana Müller.Arg, Ligustrum japonicum Thunb, Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake or a mixture of the three substrates in equal proportions. Irrespective of diet, being kept with waste led to higher mortality. However, workers that were kept in contact with waste produced by colonies fed Acalypha had higher average survival rate and later death when compared with workers from the other treatments. Workers from the Eucalyptus-fed colonies had the lowest survival rate and 50% of them died within four days of exposure to Eucalyptus waste. Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Gray, a fungus garden antagonist, and the entomopathogen Aspergillus flavus Link. ex Gray were present in the colonies supplied with all plants. The largest fungus diversity was verified in the waste of colonies fed Acalypha and the mixture of Acalypha, Ligustrum and Eucalyptus. Therefore, antibiotic properties of Acalypha did not reduce contaminant diversity but apparently minimized effects of pathogenic microorganisms present in the waste such as Asp. flavus. This may explain the highest survival rate of workers in this treatment.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN AWAL KAYU MERAH (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) PADA PLOT KONSERVASI EX-SITU DI GUNUNGKIDUL UMUR 2 TAHUN

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Yuliah Yuliah ◽  
Ari Fiani ◽  
Tri Pamungkas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Average Survival Rate ◽  
Number Of Branches

Ex-situ conservation plot of kayu merah (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) has been established in Gunungkidul in2016. The purpose of this study was to observe the early growth of kayu merah in the plot at 2 years old. The plot was laid-out in randomized complete block design consisting of 68 families, 4 tree-plot and 5 blocks with spacing of 3 m × 3 m. Genetic materials of kayu merah were collected from 3 populations namely Timor, Flores and Seram. Measurement was conducted in survival rate, tree diameter, tree height and number of branches. The result showed that the average survival rate of family was high (≥80%). Based on the populations, the survival rate of Timor, Flores and Seram were around 95%, 96% and 96.5% respectively. The average height, diameter and number of branches were 275 cm, 2.79 cm and 1.66, respectively. There were significant differences for height, diameter and number of branches among the tested families. In general, family ranking varied among the measured traits. Correlation between the traits varied among the populations. The Seram population showed the top family ranking for all the traits. It indicated that characterization in ex-situ conservation plot using genetic materials collected from the three populations was important for further conservation program of kayu merah.

scholarly journals The soft-release of captive-born Kaiser’s Mountain Newt Neurergus kaiseri (Amphibia: Caudata) into a highland stream, western Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 14259-14267
Author(s):  
Tayebe Salehi ◽  
Vahid Akmali ◽  
Mozafar Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Overall Survival Rate ◽  
International Union ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Average Survival Rate

Captive breeding and reintroduction programs are important conservation tools and are used for increasing the number of plant and animal species worldwide.  The endemic Kaiser’s Mountain Newt Neurergus kaiseri is listed as Vulnerable on the Red List by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and is amended to Appendix I of the Convention of International Trade on Endangered Species (CITES).  In the present study, in order to learn about the survival ability of captive-born newts of N. kaiseri, we conducted a trial translocation of 15 two-year-old captive-born N. kaiseri into the highland stream in Sartakht Village, western Iran.  The survival rate of these newts were determined in two stages, involving early acclimatization in mesh bags and direct release in a highland brook.  In 12 surveys to the translocation site, a total of 86 individuals were identified during spring and summer.  The average survival rate during the acclimatizing phase was 98 ± 0.04 %, while an average survival rate of 12 ± 0.04 % was obtained when the newts were released in the brook.  Applying an average diurnal detection probability obtained for the Yellow Spotted Mountain Newt Neurergus derjugini, the overall survival rate in September when newts began the autumn withdrawal was 13%.  These findings demonstrate that captive-born N. kaiseri released into the wild in controlled conditions can survive during spring and summer and provide information for future reintroduction plan of this species.

scholarly journals Vegetative Propagation of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. by Air Layering under Sahelian Climate in Niger

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Maman Kamal Abdou Habou ◽  
Habou Rabiou ◽  
Laouali Abdou ◽  
Boubacar Moussa Mamoudou ◽  
Ismaël Bio Yandou` ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Average Survival Rate ◽  
Diameter Classes

Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. is a fruit species from the Sahelian and Sudano-sahelian zones, highly appreciated by the population. It provides a source of income for the rural population and its various parts are used for human and animal food, handicrafts and traditional medicine. However, the lack of data on propagation techniques of the species is a significant limitation to its domestication. This study aims to evaluate the vegetative propagation capacity of Balanites aegyptiaca by air layering. The trials were conducted in the Arboretum of Sahara Sahel Foods in Zinder, Niger. The layers were placed on orthotropic branches. The variables selected were the diameter class (1-2 cm, 2-3 cm and 3-4 cm) and the substrates (sand+manure, sand+sawdust and sand). A total of 116 layers were made. The results show that 93.1% of the layers have taken root two months after realization. The diameter classes and the three substrates have no significant influence on the number of roots. In contrast, root length varied significantly with substrates (P = 0.000) and branch diameter classes (P = 0.031). As for the diameter of the newly formed roots, a significant difference was observed between the diameter classes and the substrates have no significant effect on this parameter. One month after weaning of layers, an average survival rate of 68.5% was obtained. The seedlings of the diameter class 2-3 cm have the highest survival rate (83.1%). These results suggest that it is possible to produce Balanites aegyptiaca plants by air layering, and could contribute to the development of strategies adapted to its domestication.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Respon Imun Non-Spesifik Benih Kerapu Bebek, Cromileptes altivelis dengan Imunostimulan dan Bakterin terhadap Infeksi Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN)

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Des Roza ◽  
Fris Johnny ◽  
Tridjoko Tridjoko
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Viral Nervous Necrosis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

An experiment to evaluate the effectiveness immunostimulant and bacterin on humpback grouper have been conducted at the Disease Laboratory of Research Institute for Mariculture, Gondol, Bali. The experiment was designed in completely randomized design with four treatments in duplicates. Two hundred of humpback grouper juveniles (15-18 cm of total length, 55-65 g of body weight) were injected intraperitoneally with (A) bacterine at 107 cfu/kg body weight (BW), (B) peptidoglycan at 100 mg/kg BW, and (C) immuno star at 100 ml/kg BW, (D) control. The fish were then challenged with VNN by intramuscular injection at 10 days post treatment. Results showed that survival rates of juvenile after challenged with VNN were 60.00% (B & C), 53.34% (A), and 1.67% (control). Parameters of non-spesific immune respons showed that phagocytic activities were 17.56% (B), 17.55% (C), 13.11% (A), and 9.33% (control). In addition, lisozyme activities were 1.64 cm (B), 1.58 cm (C), 1.55 cm (A), and 1.46 cm (control). Immunostimulant and bacterin stimulated non-specific immune response, and increased survival rate of humpback grouper juvenile.

scholarly journals  Winter survival of Phytophthora alni subsp. alni in aerial tissues of black alder        

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Černý ◽  
V. Strnadová
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Pathogen Survival ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Survival Rate ◽  
Potential Climate Change

The winter survival of the invasive pathogen Phytophthora alni subsp. alni in black alder stems was studied in the bankside alder stand of the Moravsk&aacute; Dyje River in southern Bohemia after two very different winter seasons: cold in 2008/2009, with the average temperature of &ndash;1.96&deg;C, and extremely mild in 2006/2007, with the average temperature of 2.54&deg;C. The difference in these two winters resembles the expected potential climate change in Central Europe in this century. After the cold winter of 2008/2009, the pathogen survived in only 13.91% of the samples, with the average survival rate of 2.70%. The pathogen survived the mild winter much better and was successfully isolated from 86.09% of the samples, with the average survival rate of 25.52%. Moreover, the total thickness of the covering tissues (outer + inner bark) and exposure to the most heated southwestern quadrant of stem girth positively affected the pathogen survival. Winter freezing seems to be an important environmental factor regulating the pathogen survival in alder stems and disease severity. &nbsp; &nbsp;

ABNORMALITIES IN SOME IMMATURE ELATERIDAE (COLEOPTERA)

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Y. Zacharuk
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Early Larval Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Freezing Temperatures ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Parent Generation

Prothetely was observed in 13 elaterid larvae, and metathetely in numerous pupae, that were exposed to near-freezing temperatures several days before metamorphosis would have occurred normally. Prothetely also occurred in nine larvae, and metathetely in seven pupae, that were reared in soil that is not inhabited by the species in nature. In dry soil, many larvae molted abnormally and developed a minor deformity of the ninth abdominal segment; some larvae molted only partially and died.Several embryos, 75 newly hatched larvae, and six larvae in later instars had aberrant ninth abdominal segments. In two other newly hatched larvae the third to ninth abdominal segments were missing. These aberrations appear to be external manifestations of a genetic disturbance that occurred in the parent generation. They were usually fatal in the embryonic or early larval stage, but a few of the newly hatched larvae and the six larger larvae, all of which exhibited nearly symmetrical aberrations of the ninth abdominal segment, developed and behaved normally in the larval stage.

scholarly journals Influence of Survival Rate and Growth juvenile of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Against the Probiotic Effective Microorganism-4 (EM-4) on Feed

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Helentina Mariance Manullang
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Effective Microorganism

This study aimed to determine the effect of the use of EM-4 probiotics (effective microorganisms-4) in feed on different stockings in increasing the survival rate and growth of African catfish. This research was conducted by the Faculty of Fisheries Laboratory of the Dharmawangsa University Medan from September to October 2019. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design, with 4 treatments 3 replications. The treatment consists of the different amount of stocking density (P1: 50 fish / 48 liters of water), (P2: 65 fish / 48 liters of water), (P3: 80 fish / 48 liters of water) and (P4: 95 fish / 48 liters of water). The observation result Data is analyzed by variance analysis (ANAVA) after meeting the requirements, Subsequently conducted a variety of error test homogenized and use a chi-squared spread with the formula Steel and Torries (2003). The results showed that the different amount of stocking density affected the growth and graduation of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) seeds. The optimal density of stocking on the growth and graduation of live African catfish is the density of 50 fish/ 48 liters of water, with an average survival rate of 90.66%, the average growth of absolute weight  19.10 grams and average average growth length 9 cm

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