Field germination and preservation of grain sorghum plants depending on the row-spacing width and the seeding rate

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
A.A. Rozhkov ◽  
S.Yu. Davydenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Adaptive Technologies

The results of two-year research on the complex effect of different options of row-spacing width and the seeding rate on field germination and preservation of grain sorghum hybrids plants are presented. Problem statement. The conservatism of agricultural products producers, as well as the lack of adaptive technologies for growing sorghum, is a limiting factor of enlargement of sorghum sowing areas. That is why improving the technology of sorghum growing, which forms high and stable yields under arid conditions, is a relevant task at the current stage of country's agricultural sector development. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of various options of combining the seeding rate and row-spacing width on field germination and preservation of grain sorghum plants under conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Research methods. Research on study the influence of three row-spacing width – 35, 45 and 70 cm and four options of the seeding rates of 100, 140, 180 and 220 thousand pieces/ha on field germination and preservation of sorghum plants of Svat and Flagg hybrids were held in 2019, 2020 on the basis of Farming Enterprise "Dyunis" of Kreminsk District, Luhansk Region. The area of sown and accounting plots was 40.0 and 30.0 m2, respectively. Research results. In experiments we have noted the tendency to increase field germination, under condition of the seeding rate increases and row-spacing widening. The influence of the studying options of the seeding rate and row-spacing on plant preservation was significantly higher than on field germination. On the crops of both hybrids, the influence of the seeding rate to a greater extent manifested on the options with row-spacing of 70 cm. Thus, with an increase in the seeding rate from 100 to 220 thousand pieces/ha, the plant preservation on the options with 35 cm row-spacing decreased by 3.5 %, while on the options with 70 cm row-spacing – by 6.7 %. There was no significant difference between the plant preservation indicators obtained on the options with row-spacing of 35 and 45 cm. With the widening of the row-spacing to 70 cm, this indicator significantly decreased. Conclusions. The studied element of the cultivation technology provided certain changes in the indices of field germination of seeds and the safety of sorghum plants. More influence they have on the safety of the plant, since the start of the growing competition between the plants is much less. An increase in the seeding rate caused a significant decrease in plant preservation, and to a greater extent with an increase in the seeding rate from 180 to 220 thousand pieces/ha. In the seeding rate from 100 to 180 thousand pieces/ha, there was no significant variation in the survival rates of sorghum plants. There was virtually no difference between the survival rates of sorghum plants in variants with row spacing of 35 and 45 cm, which indicates that within the boundaries of these row spacing, the competition between plants does not change significantly. Key words: row-spacing width, seeding rate, sorghum, hybrid, field germination, plants preservation.

Effect of seeding rate and row spacing on the height of Medicago sativa plants

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
H. I. Demydas ◽  
M. H. Kvytko
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
The Third ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Second Year

The purpose of the research was to identify the influence of cultivation technology elements on the parameters of Medicago sativa plant height of different geographical origin. Methods. Field, measurement, statistical methods. Research results. Observations showed that in the year of sowing during the vegetation of Medicago sativa its stalks were stunted and ranged within 28.0—33.3 cm irrespective of the seeding rate, varietal features and row spacing. In the second year of life in the budding phase, the plant growth rates of the varieties maintained throughout the growing season, whereas in the early flowering phase, they varied according to mowing and had a sinusoidal nature. The intensity of growth processes in the third year of life changed and in the budding phase of Medicago sativa it remained stable only in the first-second mowing ranging within 61.3—69.3 cm, whereas in the third-fourth mowing the indicators decreased from 59.1 up to 44.5 cm, or 10.2—16.8 cm. In the flowering phase, plant height was the highest in the first mowing and reached 99.7—101.4 cm, which decreased to 55.2 in the second and third mowing to 59.6 cm, or by 39.5—41.8 cm, regardless of the factors studied. Conclusions. The tendency towards the decrease in plant height with reduction of row spacing to 12.5 cm and increase of seeding rate and its growth at row spacing of 25 cm was revealed. The sinusoidal nature of Medicago sativa formation according to mowing both between the varieties and row spacing was established.

scholarly journals Field germination and preservation of safower plants (Carthamus tinctorius L.) depending on the rowspacing width and seeding rate

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
A. Rozhkov ◽  
D. Demkov
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Three Factor

Taking into account extremely important signifcance of feld germination and plant preservation for their growth and development, the level of cropping capacity and product quality, it is of interest to establish the dependencies of these indicators on the elements of cultivation technology that determine the level of competitive struggle in agrophytocenoses. The conducted research was aimed at determining the influence of various combinations of row-spacing width and seeding rate on the feld germination and the preservation of safower plants under conditions of the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine with its typical frequent heat and drought during the spring-summer vegetation. The research was carried out during 2019–2020 on the felds of limited (liability) company “Kayari” Chuguievsky district of Kharkiv region. In a three-factor experiment, we studied two varieties of safower – Lahidny and Dobrynya, three variants of row-spacing width – 15, 30 and 45 cm, and fve variants of the seeding rate – 240 thousand pieces/ha, 270, 300, 330 and 360 thousand pieces/ha. Considerable differences in the main meteorological indicators in the years of research made it possible to more fully determine the effect of row-spacing width and the seeding rate on the feld germination and plants survival of the studying safower varieties. Seeding rates in the studying range – from 240 to 360 thousand pieces/ha did not have a signifcant effect on the change in the feld germination of safower seeds of both varieties. At the same time, there was a tendency to increase this indicator due to an increase in the seeding rate. In particular, on average for the varieties and the studying variants of row-spacing width, with an increase in the seeding rate from 240 to 360 thousand pieces/ha, the feld germination of safower seeds increased by 1.1 % – from 80.2 to 81.3 %. Preservation of safower plants of both varieties signifcantly decreased with an increase in the seeding rate from 330 to 360 thousand pieces/ha. In the range of the seeding rate from 240 to 330 thousand units/ha, only a statistically unproven tendency to reduce this indicator was noted. There was no considerable difference between the preservation indicators of safower plants on the variants with row-spacing of 15 and 30 cm. This indicates that on these variants of row-spacing width, variation of competition between plants depending on the seeding rate in the studying range does not lead to a signifcant decrease in plant preservation indicators. Key words: safower, variety, row-spacing width, seeding rate, plant preservation, feld germination.

scholarly journals The influence of seed rate on the growth and development of early maturysorg cereal hybrids

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-162
Author(s):  
A.O. Rozhkov ◽  
L.A. Sviridova ◽  
A.N. Sviridov
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Plant Safety ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Phenological Phases

The results of four-year research on the influence of seeding rates on the dynamics of biometric indicators, the duration of phenological phases of development and plant safety of modern early-ripening hybrids of grain sorghum are given. It is established that the seeding rates of 120 and 160 thousand pieces/ha cause lengthening of the tillering period and the interphase formation period – grain ripening. Increasing the seeding rate to 240 thousand pieces /ha led to a decrease in the field germination rates of seeds and plant safety in all studying hybrids. The discrepancy between the height of plants by the seeding rates of 120 and 160 thousand pieces/ha was minimal and increased at high seeding rates of 200 and 240 thousand pieces / ha. For all the studying seeding rates, the maximum air-dry mass of plants was formed by the hybrid sorghum Yutami in all years of research. Keywords: sorghum, seeding rate, phenological phases, field germination, plant safety, height, air-dry mass.

Survival of the Soybean Plants Depending on the Integrated Influence of Seeding Method and Seeding Rate in the Eastern Steppe of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-139
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Factor C ◽  
Average Survival Rate

The aim of the research was to establish the effect of the seeding rate and method of sowing on the future survival and density of soy plants before harvesting. The experiments were carried out during 2015–2018 in accordance with the generally accepted methodology. The experience was laid down according to the following scheme: factor A two soybean varieties: Baika and Annushka; factor B three variants of row spacing: 15, 45 and 70 cm; factor C five standards for sowing seeds: 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 million pcs./ha. More favorable weather conditions for the growth and development of plants were formed in 2016, which ensured the formation of the highest density of soybean plants at the time of harvesting. The average survival rate of soybean plants this year was 84.8 %. The greatest density of plants before harvesting was on wide-row crops with 45 cm row-spacing. On average for years, on variants with 15, 45 and 70 cm row-spacing it was 68.6 pcs./m2, 70.3 and 64.7 pcs./m2, respectively. The large density of plants before harvesting on crops with 45 cm row-spacing was due to the higher field germination of seeds, and not to higher plant survival rates. Since, due to a more uniform distribution of plants over the feeding area, which ensured the row method of sowing, their survival was greatest on row crops. So, in the variants with row-spacing of 15, 45 and 70 cm, the average plant survival by years, varieties and seeding rates was 82.3%, 80.4 and 78.2%, respectively. The highest survival rates of soybean plants of the varieties Baika and Annushka were noted on row crops with the lowest seeding rate 0.8 million pcs./ha. The influence of the seeding rate on plant survival with its gradual increase by the same indicator 0.1 million pcs./ha increased. In particular, with its increase from 0.8 to 0.9 million pcs./ha, the average survival rate of soybean plants by varieties and methods of sowing decreased by 0.7%, while from 1.1 to 1.2 million pcs./ha by 1.3%. The influence of the sowing rate was large on the options with 70 cm row spacing. Thus, on an average over the years, the survival rate of soybean plants variety Annushka with an increase in the sowing rate from 0.8 to 1.2 million pcs./ha in crops with 15, 45 and row-spacing 70 cm decreased by 2.5, 3.2 and 4.5%, respectively. This trend was noted in all years of the experiments.

scholarly journals Effect of variety, seed rate and row spacing on the growth and yield of rice in Bauchi, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (59) ◽  
pp. 8155-8166
Author(s):  
AA Garba ◽  
◽  
BA Mahmoud ◽  
Y Adamu ◽  
U Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Field experiments were conducted at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Fadama Farm Bauchi, during the rainy seasons of 2006 and 2007 to study the effects of variety, seeding rate and row spacing on growth and yield of rice. Two varieties of rice; Ex – China (Indigenous and upland/lowland) and NERICA-1 (improved and upland), three seeding rates (32, 54 and 75 kg/ha) and four row spacings (15, 20, 25 and broadcast) were used during the study. The treatments were combined and laid in a split – split plot design with three replications. Variety was placed in the main plot, seeding rate in the sub plot while row spacing was placed in sub –sub plot. Data were collected on parameters such as plant height, number of tillers per plant, spikes per hill, spikelets per spike and number of seeds per spike, seed weight per hill, 1000 grain weight and yield kg ha-1 and analyzed using analysis of variance procedure for split – split plot and significant differences among the treatment means were separated using the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). Variety Ex-China produced significantly (P<0.05) higher numbers of tillers per plant and spikes per hill. However, NERICA-1 produced significantly (P<0.05) higher numbers of spikelets per spike, seeds per spike, weight of seed per spike, weight of seed per hill, 1000 grain weight and yield in kg ha-1 than Ex-China. Row spacings of 15, 20 and 25cm also had significant effects on the number of tillers per plant, number of spikes per hill, number of spikelets per spike, number of seeds per spike, weight of seed per spike, weight of seed per hill, 1000 grain weight and yield kg ha-1 over the control. From the factors studied, seeding rate did not show any significant difference during the two years of investigation. Interactions were also observed among the factors studied. Therefore, row spacings irrespective of the method used, or hole planting of rice could be more appropriate for optimum grain yield.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF STRUCTURAL INDICATORS OF GRAIN SORGHUM YIELD DEPENDING ON THE METHOD OF SOWING SEEDS AND PLANT DENSITY IN THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pravdyva ◽  
◽  
Y. Fedoruk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Structural Indicators ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The article presents the results of studies of the influence of elements of cultivation technology on the yield of grain sorghum. Purpose. To investigate the influence of row spacing and plant density of sorghum plants of grain varieties Dnіprovsky 39 and Vіnets on the formation of indicators of the structure of crop yields in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods.Field, laboratory, comparative, analysis, generalizing, mathematical and statistical. Results. It has been proven that the best results in the formation of elements of the structure of the yield of grain sorghum were obtained when sowing seeds with a row spacing of 45 cm and a density of 150-200 thousand pieces/ha. With this sowing method, the panicle length was the largest and was equal to 28.5 – 29.9 cm in the Dniprovsky 39 variety and 28.3 – 28.2 cm in the Vinets variety, the panicle weight was 51.5 – 55.1 g in the Dniprovsky variety 39 and 54.8 – 55.4 g for the Vinets variety. The number of seeds in a panicle and their weight, depending on the increase in plant density from 150 to 250 thousand pieces/ha, decreased and the variety Dniprovsky 39 was from 1623 to 1592 pieces/panicle, and the grain weight per panicle was from 44.3 to 47.1 g. In the Vinets variety, the number of seeds decreased from 1536 to 1512 pieces/panicle, and their weight from 49.3 to 47.7 g. However, the weight of 1000 seeds was the highest at a plant density of 200 thousand pieces/ha and a row spacing of 45 cm and is equal to 31.2 g for the Dniprovsky 39 variety and 27.8 g for the Vinets variety. The grain yield in the same variant of the experiment is the highest and is 7.4 t/ha for the Dniprovskiy 39 variety and 5.1 t/ha for the Vinets variety. It should be noted that a decrease in the row spacing to 15 cm and an increase to 70 cm led to a decrease in these indicators. Conclusions. It has been established that the best formation of the elements of the yield structure of grain sorghum is observed when sowing seeds with a row spacing of 45 cm and a plant density of 200 thousand units/ha, which we recommend for growing this crop in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER DOSE AND ROW SPACING ON AMARANTH PRODUCTIVITY

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential

Amaranth is a valuable food and feed crop that can solve the problem of vegetable protein in animal husbandry. The aim of the research was to study elements of amaranth cultivation technology: the dose of nitrogen fertilizers (without fertilizers, N15, N20, N25) and the row spacing (15, 30, 45 cm). The work was carried out on sod-podzolic medium loamy gleyic soil on the experimental field of FSBEI HE Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy in 2018. The studied parameters were determined according to generally ac-cepted methods. The use of nitrogen fertilizers contributed to a significant increase in leaf area and pho-tosynthetic potential of amaranth crops at the highest values of the background N20 – 4.7 thousand m2 / ha and 324.08 thousand m2 / ha × days, respectively. Increase in row spacing when sowing amaranth raised the leaf surface area value, accumulation of dry aboveground mass, photosynthetic potential, ger-mination and safety at maximum values in the variant with a row spacing of 45 cm. abundance of weed flea, cereal aphid and sunflower fire. Sowing amaranth with a width of 45 cm between rows caused a sta-tistically significant decrease in the number of studied pests, as well as the number and dry weight of young and perennial weeds. The use of nitrogen fertilizers in a dose of 25 kg AI / ha contributed to a sig-nificant decrease in the yield of amaranth green mass from 145.12 q / ha on the «no-fertilizer» variant to 127.93 q / ha, with maximum values for the background N20 – 156, 55 kg / ha. Thus, the greatest effi- 128 ciency was shown by the introduction of nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of 20 kg ai / ha when sown with a row spacing of 45 cm.

Interference of Three Annual Grasses with Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda S. Smith ◽  
Don S. Murray ◽  
J. D. Green ◽  
Wan M. Wanyahaya ◽  
David L. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Wide Row Spacing

Barnyardgrass, large crabgrass, and Texas panicum were evaluated in field experiments over 3 yr to measure their duration of interference and density on grain sorghum yield. When grain yield data were converted to a percentage of the weed-free control, linear regression predicted a 3.6% yield loss for each week of weed interference regardless of year or grass species. Grain sorghum grown in a narrow (61-cm) row spacing was affected little by full-season interference; however, in wide (91-cm) rows, interference increased as grass density increased. Data from the wide-row spacing were described by linear regression following conversion of grain yield to percentages and weed density to log10. A separate nonlinear model also was derived which could predict the effect of weed density on grain sorghum yield.

scholarly journals Individual and Combined Effects of Planting Date, Seeding Rate, Relative Maturity, and Row Spacing on Soybean Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Peder K. Schmitz ◽  
Hans J. Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

Planting date (PD), seeding rate (SR), relative maturity (RM) of cultivars, and row spacing (RS) are primary management factors affecting soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) yield. The individual and synergistic effects of PD, SR, RM, and RS on seed yield and agronomic characteristics in North Dakota were herein investigated. Early and late PD, early and late RM cultivars, two SR (408,000 and 457,000 seed ha−1), and two RS (30.5 and 61 cm) were evaluated in four total environments in 2019 and 2020. Maximizing green canopy cover prior to the beginning of flowering improved seed yield. Individual factors of early PD and narrow RS resulted in yield increase of 311 and 266 kg ha−1, respectively. The combined factors of early PD, late RM, high SR, and narrow RS improved yield by 26% and provided a $350 ha−1 partial profit over conventional practices. Canopy cover and yield had relatively weak relationships with r2 of 0.36, 0.23, 0.14, and 0.21 at the two trifoliolate, four trifoliolate, beginning of flowering, and beginning of pod formation soybean growth stages, respectively. Producers in the most northern soybean region of the USA should combine early planting, optimum RM cultivars, 457,000 seed ha−1 SR, and 31 cm RS to improve yield and profit compared to current management practices.

scholarly journals Simultaneous implant placement with autogenous onlay bone grafts: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Ma ◽  
Chaoan Wu ◽  
Miaoting Shao
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Implant Survival ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Delayed Implant Placement ◽  
Onlay Grafts

AbstractSeveral authors have suggested that implants can be placed simultaneously with onlay bone grafts without affecting outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to answer the following clinical questions: (1) What are the outcomes of implants placed simultaneously with autogenous onlay bone grafts? And (2) is there a difference in outcomes between simultaneous vs delayed placement of implants with autogenous onlay bone grafts? Databases of PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched up to 15 November 2020. Data on implant survival was extracted from all the included studies (single arm and comparative) to calculate point estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and pooled using the DerSimonian–Laird meta-analysis model. We also compared implant survival rates between the simultaneous and delayed placement of implants with data from comparative studies. Nineteen studies were included. Five of them compared simultaneous and delayed placement of implants. Dividing the studies based on follow-up duration, the pooled survival of implant placed simultaneously with onlay grafts after <2.5 years of follow-up was 93.1% (95% CI 82.6 to 97.4%) and after 2.5–5 years was 86% (95% CI 78.6 to 91.1%). Implant survival was found to be 85.8% (95% CI 79.6 to 90.3%) with iliac crest grafts and 95.7% (95% CI 83.9 to 93.0%) with intra-oral grafts. Our results indicated no statistically significant difference in implant survival between simultaneous and delayed placement (OR 0.43, 95% 0.07, 2.49, I2=59.04%). Data on implant success and bone loss were limited. Data indicates that implants placed simultaneously with autogenous onlay grafts have a survival rate of 93.1% and 86% after a follow-up of <2.5 years and 2.5–5years respectively. A limited number of studies indicate no significant difference in implant survival between the simultaneous and delayed placement of implants with onlay bone grafts. There is a need for randomized controlled trials comparing simultaneous and delayed implant placement to provide robust evidence.

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