The dystopian genre as one of Ray Bradbury’s creative trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Ilaha Adil Majidova ◽  

Utopia is a common literary theme, especially in a speculative and science-fiction genre. Authors use utopian genre to explore what a perfect society would look like. Utopian fiction is set in a perfect world, while a dystopian novel drops its main character into a world where everything seems to have gone wrong. Dystopian fiction can challenge readers to think differently about current world. The article is devoted to the etymology of dystopia genre within Ray Bradbury’s creativity. In his short stories he tried to show the depth of his imagination. In Ray Bradbury’s fiction the world is a terrible place. He exposes the destructive side of technological progress and paradoxes of human personality in a grotty society. Key words: science-fiction, utopia, dystopia, prognosis, short story

Author(s):  
Novi Diah Haryanti

Abstract: This study aims to look at narrative patterns in the collection of short stories "Karaban Snow Dance" (TSK). From the fifteen short stories, the researchers took five main stories, namely the Karaban Snow Dance (Tarian Salju Karaban), The Fall of a Leaf (Gugurnya Sehelai Daun),  Canting Kinanti Song (Tembang Canting Kinanti), Jagoan Men Arrived (Lelaki Jagoan Tiba), and Origami Pigeon (Merpati Origami). Of the five short stories, environmental themes and honesty appear most often. The place setting depicted shows the environment that is close to the author or according to the author's origin. The main characters in the four short stories are children, only one short story Male Hero Tiban (Lelaki Jagoan Tiban/LJK) who uses adult takoh as the main character. The child leaders in LJK only appear in the past stories of the main characters. The five short stories do not show a picture of whole parents (father and mother). The warm relationship between mother and child appears clearly, in contrast to the father-child relationship that is almost negligent. The five short stories also represent how children become heroes for their family, friends, and environment.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pola narasi pada kumpulan cerpen Tarian Salju Karaban (TSK). Dari limabelas cerpen yang ada, peneliti mengambil lima cerpen utama yakni “Tarian Salju Karaban”, “Gugurnya Sehelai Daun”, “Tembang Canting Kinanti”, “Lelaki Jagoan Tiba”, dan “Merpati Origami”. Kelima cerpen menampilkan tema lingkungan dan kejujuran. Latar tempat yang digambarkan memperlihatkan lingkuangan yang dekat dengan penulis atau sesuai dengan asal usul penulis. Tokoh utama dalam keempat cerpen tersebut ialah anak-anak, hanya satu cerpen “Lelaki Jagoan Tiban” (LJK) yang menggunakan takoh dewasa sebagai tokoh utama. Tokoh anak dalam LJK hanya muncul dalam cerita masa lalu tokoh utama. Kelima cerpen tersebut tidak memperlihatkan gambaran orangtua utuh (ayah dan ibu). Relasi yang hangat antara ibu dan anak muncul dengan jelas, berbeda dengan relasi bapak-anak yang nyaris alpa. Kelima  cerpen tersebut juga merepresentasikan bagaimana anak-anak menjadi pahlawan bagi keluarga, sahabat, dan lingkungannya.  


Author(s):  
Nina Bosak

The demonolexis in Yu. Andrukhovych’s long short story “Recreatsii” (“Recreations”) has been analyzed in the article. In the course of the research there have been outlined the following lexical-semantic groups of demonomens: toponymic and onomastic names, modified lexemes, names of the rituals, genuine Ukrainian demonomens, obscene words and expressions, demonomens of Biblical origin, names from the world mythology and general demonolexis. The special lexical-semantic group has been formed by non personificated demonomens, which serve to convey the peculiarities of the contemporary Ukrainian writers’ mentality, their habits through speech. Such nomens help to reveal the protagonist’s soul, show the positive and negative sides of his personal ego, demonstrate the duality of the human perception of the world, indicate the causes of phobias, emotions, sensations. Key words: demonolexis, demonomen, lexical-semantic group, non personificated demonomen.


2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-756
Author(s):  
Jon Adams ◽  
Edmund Ramsden

Nestled among E. M. Forster's careful studies of Edwardian social mores is a short story called “The Machine Stops.” Set many years in the future, it is a work of science fiction that imagines all humanity housed in giant high-density cities buried deep below a lifeless surface. With each citizen cocooned in an identical private chamber, all interaction is mediated through the workings of “the Machine,” a totalizing social system that controls every aspect of human life. Cultural variety has ceded to rigorous organization: everywhere is the same, everyone lives the same life. So hopelessly reliant is humanity upon the efficient operation of the Machine, that when the system begins to fail there is little the people can do, and so tightly ordered is the system that the failure spreads. At the story's conclusion, the collapse is total, and Forster's closing image offers a condemnation of the world they had built, and a hopeful glimpse of the world that might, in their absence, return: “The whole city was broken like a honeycomb. […] For a moment they saw the nations of the dead, and, before they joined them, scraps of the untainted sky” (2001: 123). In physically breaking apart the city, there is an extent to which Forster is literalizing the device of the broken society, but it is also the case that the infrastructure of the Machine is so inseparable from its social structure that the failure of one causes the failure of the other. The city has—in the vocabulary of present-day engineers—“failed badly.”


ATAVISME ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
Mashuri Mashuri

Tulisan ini mengkaji konstruksi dunia dan nalar santri dalam prosa karya kiai pesantren, yaitu Batu-Batu Setan karya M. Fudoli Zaini dan Lukisan Kaligrafi karya A. Mustofa Bisri. Teori yang digunakan adalah strukturalisme dan hermeneutik, dengan menggunakan metode bandingan. Dari kajian perbandingan didapatkan pola sistemik pada posisi pengarang sebagai agen dalam ranah produksi kultural. Pola-pola sistemik yang menggambarkan konstruksi dan nalar santri yang bersifat universal dan parsial dengan bersandar pada konsep oposisi biner: sintagmatik dan paradigmatik, dapat dirumuskan dari perbandingan kedua kumpulan cerpen tersebut. Dari kajian tentang karya dua kiai itu, biografi mereka, dan perbandingan antara keduanya terkonstruksikan dunia dan nalar santri. Nalar santri inilah yang menjadi pola berpikir dan cara melihat dari kalangan pesantren di dalam karya dan ‘kehidupan’‐nya. Abstract: This research aims to describe the construction of santri’s sense and the world in short stories written by two kiai, M. Fudoli Zaini’s Batu-Batu Setan and A. Mustofa Bisri’s Lukisan Kaligrafi. To analyze the comparativeness, structuralism and hermeneutics theory is used to describe the problem. We can see that there is a systemic pattern of the writers as an agent in a cultural production environment. Those systemic patterns show the universalities and partialities of santri’s construction and sense according to binary opposition concept, namely syntagmatic and paradigmatic. The differences among the two anthologies, seen from their short stories and biography are constructed by the world and sense of the santri. From their short stories and we can see how the santri think and see using their sense and the world. Key Words: construction of world; santri’s sense; comparative literature


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Ms. Shikha Sharma

Doris Lessing, the Nobel Laureate (1919-2007), a British novelist, poet, a writer of epic scope, playwright, librettist, biographer and short story writer. She was the “most fearless woman novelist in the world, unabashed ex-communist and uncompromising feminist”. Doris has earned the great reputation as a distinguished and outstanding writer. She raised local and private problems of England in post-war period with emphasis on man-woman relationship, feminist movement, welfare state, socio-economic and political ethos, population explosion, terrorism and social conflicts in her novels.


2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (45) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Svetozar Poštič

This paper analyses the concept of thrownness and the related notions of immediacy and actuality in a 1961 short science fiction story “Wall of Crystal, Eye of Night” by Algis Budrys. It first defines the concept of thrownness (Geworfenheit), created and coined by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger in his classic book Being and Time, and it explains how this notion can be employed in literary analysis in general and applied to this work in particular. The article then analyses how certain stylistic devices in the short story, namely similes, change of pace and the presentation of an inner conflict in the main character, contribute to the feeling of authenticity. In other words, it attempts to exhibit the means used in a prose work to make it seem more realistic and immediate. Finally, the work also argues that science fiction is in many ways more real than other fictional works. Although it belongs to the genre that has traditionally been denied serious literary merit, the novel view and interpretation of this story aims to disclose new horizons of artistic expression that illuminate human mental and physical frailty and stimulate a valuable inquiry into the meaning of life.


2020 ◽  
pp. 250-272
Author(s):  
Tessa Thorniley

John Lehmann’s The Penguin New Writing (1940-1950) is considered one of the finest literary periodicals of World War Two. The journal was committed to publishing writing about all aspects of wartime life, from the front lines to daily civilian struggles, by writers from around the world. It had an engaged readership and a high circulation. This chapter specifically considers Lehmann’s contribution to the wartime heyday for the short story form, through the example of The Penguin New Writing. By examining Lehmann’s editorial approach this chapter reveals the ways he actively engaged with his contributors, teasing and coaxing short stories out of them and contrasts this with the editorial style of Cyril Connolly at rival Horizon magazine. Stories by, and Lehmann’s interactions with, established writers such as Elizabeth Bowen, Henry Green and Rosamond Lehmann, the emerging writer William Sansom and working-class writers B.L Coombs and Jim Phelan, are the main focus of this chapter. The international outlook of the journal, which promoted satire from China alongside short, mocking works by Graham Greene, is also evaluated as an often overlooked aspect of Lehmann’s venture. Through the short stories and Lehmann’s editorials, this chapter traces how Lehmann sought to shape literature and to elevate the short story form. The chapter concludes by considering how the decline of the short story form in Britain from the 1950s onwards was closely linked to the demise of the magazines which had most actively supported it.


Author(s):  
Yomaira C. Figueroa

Junot Díaz is a Dominican American award-winning fiction writer and essayist. For over twenty years his work has helped to map and remap Latinx, Caribbean, and American literary and cultural studies. Since his collection of short stories, Drown, debuted in 1996, Díaz has become a leading literary figure in Latinx, Afro-Latinx, and diaspora studies. His voice is critically linked to the legacy of Latinx Caribbean literary poetics reaching back to the 1960s (including Piri Thomas’s Down These Mean Streets, 1967). Díaz’s work is likewise transnational and diasporic, often reflecting the lived experiences of working-class immigrant populations of color in northeastern urban centers. Within a broader scope, Díaz’s writing is tied to feminist African American and Chicana literary traditions, with Díaz citing the influence of writers such as Toni Morrison and Sandra Cisneros in his writing practice. His 2007 award-winning novel, The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, earned him a Pulitzer Prize in fiction and catapulted him into literary superstardom. Díaz followed that success with his 2012 collection of short stories, This Is How You Lose Her, which was a finalist for both the 2012 National Book Award for Fiction and the 2013 Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction. In 2012, Díaz was conferred the MacArthur Fellows Program Award, commonly known as the MacArthur “Genius Grant,” and in 2017, he was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In 2019, he was the Rudge and Nancy Allen Professor of Writing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the fiction editor at the renowned literary magazine the Boston Review. Over the course of his professional writing career, Díaz has published numerous nonfiction essays and political commentaries, and coauthored opinion editorials on immigration and reflections on Caribbean and US politics. His short story “Monstro,” published in 2012, further rooted Díaz in the genres of science fiction and Afrofuturism. “Monstro” was understood to be a teaser for a now discarded novel of the same name. The simultaneous publication of the English-language Islandborn and Spanish-language Lola in 2018 represented the author’s first foray into the genre of children’s literature. Like much of Díaz’s literary oeuvre, the children’s books chronicle the experiences and memories of Afro-Dominicans in the diaspora through the perspective of a child narrator. Díaz is one of the founders of Voices of Our Nation (VONA), a summer creative writing workshop for writers of color where he helps aspiring writers to workshop their fiction. Díaz’s fiction and nonfiction writings have catalyzed work in literary, Latinx, and Afro-Latinx studies, prompting renewed discourses on literary representations of masculinity, gender, sexuality, intimacy, sexual violence, dictatorship, immigration, disability, Dominican history, race and anti-blackness, anti-Haitianism, decolonization and radical politics, and diaspora and belonging.


Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Eller

This chapter examines the dark themes and moods that characterize some of Ray Bradbury's short stories, a reflection of his deep ambivalence toward an increasingly destabilized world. Bradbury never developed a postmodernist dislike of where technology and science had brought the world, but he always remained wary of where science may lead mankind in the future. This predictive urge led him to use his science fiction stories to work through some of the issues left unresolved in his failed novels. This chapter discusses “—And the Moon Be Still as Bright” and several of Bradbury's tales, written in the 1946–1948 period, which are distinguished from other Bradbury stories of the period by their science fiction trappings, their unrelieved darkness, the lack of any familiar points of reference, and their relative obscurity within the Bradbury canon. It also considers the relationship stories that eased Bradbury through his impasse with Modernist themes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
Sri Ayu Kusumaningsih ◽  
Ahmad Bahtiar

This study is to find out the relationship of characters to illustrations in a collection of 9short stories from NadiraKarya Leila S. Chudori. In the collection, there are four short stories that contain illustrations of the main characters namely "Melukis Langit”, "Tasbih", "Sebilah Pisau", and "At Pedder Bay". The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method by using Charles Sanders Pierce's Semiotic Theory which includes sign and object. The study of characterization or characterization is done in two methods namely direct (telling) and indirect (showing). The results of  this study indicate that out of the 4 short stories analyzed only 3 short stories that have character relationships with illustrations, namely the short story "Melukis Langit", "Tasbih" and "Sebilah Pisau". Short story of "Melukis Langit" depicts Nadira's character who is strong against her father's behavior since the death of his mother. The short story illustration shows Nadira crying in the bathroom to vent her sadness. Short story "Tasbih" describes Mr. X with a mysterious character illustrated by showing Mr. X's face full of mystery while the short story "Sebilah Pisau" tells Kris who is Nadira's secret admirer. Kris's character is displayed with illustrations illustrating the event when Nadira was surprised to see Kris's table filled with Nadira's picture. Short story "At Pedder Bay" tells Nadira's old friend Marc who is also an admirer of Nadira for a long time. The main character, Marc in this short story is not illustrated in the illustration. The short story shows a background, namely the lake and the figure of the woman sitting pensively. 


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