scholarly journals Iranian traditional medicine and Medicinal plants

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Reza Esmaeelzadeh Dizaji ◽  
Ashrafali Rezaie kehkhaie ◽  
Mohammad Taqi khammar ◽  
Reza shirazinia
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Iranian Traditional Medicine ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Therapeutic Properties

Traditional medicine is a general word referring to both tradiotional medicine systems and to Native medicine. Iranian traditional medicine is a great history of medicine and pharmacy.to inform the importance of Iranian traditional medicine we may state great evidences such as: Makhzan-ol-advie by Aghili (18th century, Tehran University of Medical Science Press), canon of medicine by Avicenna (10th and 11th centuries, Beirut publication) and Al-shamel by Gharashi (13th century, Caltural foundation Publication) etc. this valuable books and manuscripts refers us the great position of research,science and expertise in the Iranian traditional medicine.medicinal plants so far have been more noticed due to their desirable therapeutic properties and also the lesser rate of adverse effects. The importance of medicinal plants is highlighted in traditional medicine too. despite all evaluations on the herbal plants and their pharmacologic effects more investigations is needed to inform the world about this valuable topic of micine and pharmacy. The importance of iranian traditional medicine and herbal plants made us to make an interview on these pure and precious fields of medicine.

scholarly journals The History of the Unani Medicine in Central Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4550-4553
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Medical Work ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Renaissance Medicine

This article discusses the history of traditional medicine in Central Asia. Central Asia is one of the centers of traditional medicine. Since ancient times, medicine has developed here. In the period of the Muslim Renaissance, medicine rose to its peak here. One well-known tabib was Abu Sakhl Masikhiy. He wrote a book on medicine "Kitob al - Mi'a." He was one of the mentors of Ibn Sina and encouraged to write a canon of medical science. The Canon of Medicine - is the great medical work of Avicenna. Their completed in 1025. Great Unani physicians of the East Al-Beruny and Abu Ali ibn Sina (Avicenna) wrote their enormous works in the Arabian language. Avicenna and his school played a big role in the development of medicine in the world. Above-mentioned proposals can be inferred: In Central Asia, Unani medicine developed for many centuries, this area was one of the hotbeds of this school and has a peculiar character.

Paris

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Lyon-Caen
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Capital City ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Early 18Th Century

From the 13th century until the early 18th century, Paris—the capital city of France and the official residence of the kings—was the largest city in Europe. Many scholars have provided in-depth studies on the urban life and the ordinary life of the Parisians, at city-wide or district level. But the metropolis also played a prominent political, cultural, and economic role, both for the kingdom and for the rest of the world. Therefore, the history of the city as a civic community is inextricably interwoven with the history of the French state. Historians have usually stressed the limitations the state imposed on the city’s autonomy. But at the same time, Parisian elites are often considered as the main agent of centralization. Yet when it comes to describing what the consequences are of the special position of Paris, scholars differ on what the pertinent scale of analysis should be. They also disagree on issues pertaining to the link between the growing prominence of Paris and the national government: to what extent was it determined by the city’s own importance rather than by a process of centralization? By embracing the notion of capital city, many historians endeavor to articulate both the global and the local scales of the metropolis.

29 September, International Day of Otolaryngologist

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Oksana Rybachok
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
The World ◽  
Injury Risk Factor ◽  
The Impact

According to the World Health Organisation, deafness is one of the most widely spread sensory disorders in the world affecting about 360 million people worldwide. The causes of deafness can be very diverse, from genetic diseases, the impact of injury-risk factor and infectious agents to the administration of ototoxic drugs. Moreover, otolaryngologists believe that about half of deafness and hearing loss cases could have been prevented. Though otolaryngology was separated as an independent medical science in the mid-18th century, the decision to celebrate the Otolaryngologist Day on September 29 as a professional holiday for medical practitioners in this speciality was made not so long ago. This date at the end of September was chosen on purpose: the influx of patients to medical practitioners in this speciality is observed closer to the mid-autumn, after the first cold snap.

Traditional Medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Pavitra Solanki ◽  
Yasmin Sultana ◽  
Satyavir Singh
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

Everybody is at risk of being infected by drug-resistant microscopic organisms. Managing with sickness has never been less demanding within the history of our species. At the current rate of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microbes, specialists foresee that battling infections tuberculosis, HIV, and intestinal sickness will become more complicated. Antimicrobial resistance is rendering numerous life-saving drugs useless. Antibiotic-resistant microbes, known as “superbugs,” are getting to be more various and more harmful, thanks to the proceeding abuse of anti-microbials. Natural medication offers an alternative to these progressively ineffectual drugs. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), traditional medicine is a holistic term enclosing diverse health practices. Concurring to a report by the College of Maryland Therapeutic Center, turmeric's volatile oil serves as a common anti-microbial.

The History of Christian Missions to Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Etherington
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Christian Missions ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan

Christianity came very early to Africa, as attested by the Gospels. The agencies by which it spread across North Africa and into the Kingdom of Aksum remain largely unknown. Even after the rise of Islam cut communications between sub-Saharan Africa and the churches of Rome and Constantinople, it survived in the eastern Sudan kingdom of Nubia until the 15th century and never died in Ethiopia. The documentary history of organized missions begins with the Roman Catholic monastic orders founded in the 13th century. Their evangelical work in Africa was closely bound up with Portuguese colonialism, which both helped and hindered their operations. Organized European Protestant missions date from the 18th-century evangelical awakening and were much less creatures of states. Africa was a particular object of attention for Evangelicals opposed to slavery and the slave trade. Paradoxically this gave an impetus to colonizing ventures aimed at undercutting the moral and economic foundations of slavery in Africa. Disease proved to be a deadly obstacle to European- and American-born missionaries in tropical Africa, thus spurring projects for enrolling local agents who had acquired childhood immunity. Southern Africa below the Zambezi River attracted missionaries from many parts of Europe and North America because of the absence of the most fearsome diseases. However the turbulent politics of the region complicated their work by restricting their access to organized African kingdoms and chieftaincies. The prevalent mission model until the late 19th century was a station under the direction of a single European family whose religious and educational endeavors were directed at a small number of African residents. Catholic missions acquired new energy following the French Revolution, the old Portuguese system of partnership with the state was displaced by enthusiasm for independent operations under the authority of the Pope in Rome. Several new missionary orders were founded with a particular focus on Africa. Mission publications of the 19th and 20th centuries can convey a misleading impression that the key agents in the spread of African Christianity were foreign-born white males. Not only does this neglect the work of women as wives and teachers, but it diverts attention from the Africans who were everywhere the dominant force in the spread of modern Christianity. By the turn of the 20th century, evangelism had escaped the bounds of mission stations driven by African initiative and the appearance of so-called “faith missions” based on a model of itinerant preaching. African prophets and independent evangelists developed new forms of Christianity. Once dismissed as heretical or syncretic, they gradually came to be recognized as legitimate variants of the sort that have always accompanied the acculturation of religion in new environments. Decolonization caught most foreign mission operations unawares and required major changes, most notably in the recruitment of African clergy to the upper echelons of church hierarchies. By the late 20th century Africans emerged as an independent force in Christian missions, sending agents to other continents.

scholarly journals The emergence of modern therapeutic similarity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Silvia Waisse Priven
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epistemological Break ◽  
Counter Irritation

One of the roots of modern therapeutic similarity might be retraced to the work of Samuel Hahnemann at the end of the 18th century. His particular formulation arose from an original synthesis of traditional therapeutic similarity, dating from classic Antiquity and mantained as an undercurrent in medical thinking, and contemporary theories, particularly counter-irritation (antagonistic fever) theory. Against historical readings asserting that modern therapeutic similarity is either a mere a continuation of the ancient, or a historical orphan, it is possible to verify that Hahnemann’s work belonged within the specific framework of 18th medical science. The formulation of modern therapeutic similarity is best described as a process combining both continuity and epistemological break. Keywords: History of Medicine; 18th century; Pharmacology; Peruvian bark; Modern therapeutic similarity.   O surgimento da semelhança terapéutica moderna Resumo Uma das raízes da semelhança terapéutica moderna pode ser localizada na obra de Samuel Hahnemann, no final do século XVIII. Sua formulação particular surgiu da síntese original da semelhança terapéutica tradicional, procedente da Antigüidade clássica e conservada subterraneamente no pensamento médico, com teorias contemporâneas, especialmente a teoria da contra-irritação (febre antagonista). Por oposição a leituras históricas que afirmam que semelhança terapéutica moderna é uma mera continuação da antiga ou, alternativamente, um ófão histórico, pode-se constatar que a obra de Hahnemann corresponde ao marco específico da ciéncia médico do século XVIII. A formulação da semelhança terapéutica parece ser melhor compreendida como um processo que combina continuidade e ruptura epistemológicas. Palavras-chave: História da Medicina; século 18; Farmacologia; semelhança terapéutica moderna.   El surgimiento de la similaridad terapéutica moderna Resumen Una de las raíces de la similaridad terapéutica moderna puede ser localizada en la obra de Samuel Hahnemann al final del siglo XVIII. Su formulación particular surgió de la síntesis original de la similaridad terapéutica tradicional, procedente de la Antigüedad clásica y conservada subterráneamente en el pensamiento médico, con teorías contemporáceas, especialmente la de la contrairritación (fiebre antagonista). En oposición a lecturas históricas que afirman que la similaridad terapéutica moderna es una mera continuación de la antigua o un huérfano histórico, se puede constatar que la obra de Hahnemann corresponde al marco específico de la ciencia médica del siglo XVIII. La formulación de la similaridad terapéutica moderna parece ser mejor comprendida como um processo que combina continuidad y ruptura epistemológicas. Palabras-clave: Historia de la Medicina; siglo 18; Farmacología; similitud terapéutica moderna.   Correspondence author: Silvia Waisse Priven, [email protected] ; http://www.pucsp.br/pos/cesima How to cite this article: Waisse Priven S. The emergence of modern therapeutic similarity. Int J High Dilution Res [online]. 2008 [cited DD Mmm YYYY]; 7(22): 22-30. Available from: http://journal.giri-society.org/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/252/335.  

scholarly journals History of Ayurvedic System of Medicines: From Prehistoric to Present

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 212-214
Author(s):  
S. B. Tiwari ◽  
S. D. Singh ◽  
Amit Kumar Verma ◽  
Divyank Awasthi ◽  
Arun Kumar Rastogi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Indus Valley ◽  
The People ◽  
Ayurvedic Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vedic Period

Ayurvedic system of medicine is considered the most ancient system of the world. In the prehistoric times medicinal plants were used by the various tribes. Evidence suggests that the people of Indus valley civilization followed this system of medicines. The Vedic and post Vedic period saw the rapid development of Ayurveda supported by the efforts of Charaka, Susrutra and Vagbhata etc. Buddhist monks played important role in the propagation of Ayurveda. However, the invasion of Muslims after 10th century destroyed Ayurveda and Unani system of medicines flourished in the country. Pre independence period again saw the emergence of Ayurveda. After Independence it attains new height with its incorporation into the Drug and Cosmetic Act. The preparation of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia helps in the standardization of Ayurvedic drugs to compete at global level with allopathic system of medicines. Keywords: ayurvedic system, Vedic and post Vedic period, Charaka, Susrutra and Vagbhata, Ayurvedic drugs

scholarly journals Which Aroma In Iranian Traditional Medicine Is Effective On Sleep Disorders?

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Armaghan Sadat Keyhanmehr ◽  
Mina Movahhed ◽  
Shamim Sahranavard ◽  
Mostafa Hamdieh ◽  
Shahla Afsharpaiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Iranian Traditional Medicine ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
The World ◽  
Methods Of Treatment ◽  
Selection Of

Sleep disorder is considered as a common problem throughout the world. Aromatherapy is a kind of treatment performed by using essential oils of plants for improving disease. There is much evidence in the literature, including Iranian traditional medicine, which confirms its positive effects on improving sleep disorder. Related keywords searched some Iranian traditional medicine texts and some new valid databases. In Iranian traditional medicine, aromatherapy is one of the methods of treatment for improving sleep disorders and its done by the temperamental approach. Aroma temperament, brain mal-temperament and specific performance of aroma are three factors for selection of the plants. Fourteen aromatic plants are introduced that can be effective by hypnotic in insomnia and reducing sleep in oversleeping. Aromatherapy is an effective method to improve sleep disorders, and it can be used through various plants in the more specified way with fewer side effects using temperamental approach. [GMJ.2017;6(1):3-11]

scholarly journals Historical study of Architectural deeds of Muslims

Fahm-i-Islam ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-95
Author(s):  
ڈاکٹر محمد سعید شفیق
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Science ◽  
Art And Architecture

The rise of Muslims is not only worthy example for the world among the countless features but it is also a good example of constructive as well as intellectual development. The glorious history of Islamic development of science and arts covers the early stages of Islam and lasts till the 18th century which is the longest period. The popularity of Islamic science and arts and discoveries are spread all over the world. Muslims not only gave first priority to the justice, education and learning during their reign but on other hand they also kept their attention on the intellectual and physical development, science and arts and awesome constructions, that is why in the past the development and progress of medicine and science is exemplary for the world, which is admitted by the experts of art and architecture. After the age of the Companions of Messenger of Allah Ummayyed constructed mosques in Kufa and Damascus, Bannu Abbas constructed Qurtaba’s mosque, bungalow of Khamra and Fatmi rulers built Mahdia and Qahra, which are the most significant and memorable deeds of fine arts. In this article the fantastic contribution of Muslims in the field of arts and architecture will be reviewed which will make it clear that this sector (Arts and Architecture) was also on track for growth and development like other sectors during the rules of Muslims and they performed such a feats in this field that even an advanced man of today is astonished by watching these feats.

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