scholarly journals Survey of Gastrointestinal Parasitic infection in Captive Wild Animals of a Central Zoological Garden in Iran

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-91
Author(s):  
Vahid Nasiri ◽  
Farnoosh Jameie ◽  
Habibollah Paykari ◽  
Nahideh Mazhari ◽  
Saba Soltani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Zoological Garden ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Smear Preparation ◽  
Zoo Animals ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

Zoos are places where a great number of valuable animal species are put together taken out of their natural habitats .This survey was carried out to survey the gastrointestinal parasites in animals at a zoological garden in Tehran, Iran. A total of 143 fecal samples from various captive wild animals, consisting of 40 different species were collected randomly and analysed for the presence of the different stages of parasites by direct smear preparation and zinc sulfate flotation followed by Ziel-Neelsen staining method. Data showed that the examined animals were consist of 12 species of carnivores (36 samples), 17 species of herbivores (75), 3 species of non-human primates (11 samples), and 8 species of different species of birds (21 samples). 23(16.08%) of animals, that belonging to 14 animal species, were infected with different intestinal parasites. Among 143 samples from captive wild animals 23 samples (16.08%) were positive for gastrointestinal parasites that 5 samples (3.49%) belong to Carnivores, 13 samples (9.09%) to Herbivores, 4 samples (2.8%) to Non-human primates and 1 sample (0.7%) to Aves. The prevalence of parasites was higher in Non-human primates (36.36%) followed by Herbivores (17.33%), Carnivores (13.88%) and Aves (4.76%).Some animals infected with more than one parasite species and have mixed infection, thus, out of 23 animal samples that parasites were encountered, 12 (8.39%) were infected with helminths and 13 (9.09%) were infected with protozoa. The high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites found in zoo animals examined in this study emphasizes the importance of controlling these parasitic diseases in order to keep animals, especially in the case of endangered species, in healthy conditions and prevent probable infection of humans working with these animals to zoonotic parasites. Keywords: Wild animals; Zoological park; Parasite, Iran

scholarly journals Prevalence of Gastro-Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Efficacy of Antiparasitics Against These Infections in Dogs in Mymensingh Sadar

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-419
Author(s):  
Badrul Huda Mehedi ◽  
Azimun Nahar ◽  
AKM Anisur Rahman ◽  
Md Amimul Ehsan
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Protozoal Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

Gastro-intestinal parasitic infections in dogs represent a major concern in developing countries including Bangladesh. Dogs are important definitive or reservoir hosts for several zoonotic parasites. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in dogs from different areas of MymensinghSadar. The fecal samples were examined by simple sedimentation and stoll’s ova counting method for detection of eggs/cysts/oocysts of parasites. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 60.00% (51/85) and the mixed parasitic infection was 16.47% (14/85). A total of six species of gastro-intestinal parasites (ova/oocyst) were identified, of them four species were nematode namely,Toxocaracanis (24.7%), Acylostomacaninum (7.05%), Acylostomabraziliense (2.35%), Uncinariastenocephala (2.35%), one species was cestode, Taeniapisiformis (3.52%) and one species was protozoa, Isosporacanis (3.52%). The prevalence of infection was significantly (P<0.02) higher in puppies and young dogs than that in adult dogs. The efficacy of fendnedazole (Bol. Fenvet®), albendazole (Tab. Alben DS®), fenbendazole (Tab. Paraclear®) was 100% effective against single helminth infection. However, the efficacy of mebendazole (Syrup.Mebantrin®) was 25%-50% against mixed helminth infections. The efficacy of metronidazole (Syrup.Amodis®) was 100% against single protozoal infection. So, anthelmintic including albendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole and metronidazole may be recommended to treat effectively the single infection of helminth and protozoa, respectively, in dogs. Special emphasis should be given to deworm puppies as they are more vulnerable to parasitic diseases. The T. canis, A. caninum, A. braziliense and U. stenocephala prevalent in dogs are zoonotic and have public health impact. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(3): 411-419,  December 2020

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infestation in HIV Positive and Negative Patients Attending Clinics in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in Benue State, Nigeria.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
L Utume ◽  
TE Ikpom ◽  
AE Obaje ◽  
EA Omudu
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Awareness Campaigns

Gastrointestinal parasitic infection is usually asymptomatic thus goes unnoticed and untreated for long periods of time, often resulting in other serious health complications. In HIV positive patients, the effects usually are more devastating owing to the fact that such patients are already immunocompromised. For this study, HIV positive patients were raised from the BSUTH STD/ART clinic records while HIV negative patients were recruited from other clinics by confirming their HIV status  using Determine test strips to check for HIV antibodies; socio-demographic data was generated from questionnaires administered. Patients already placed on anti-helminths or anti-protozoan medicines were exempted from the study. Stool samples (n=550; 304 males 246 females) were examined for intestinal parasites using the standard parasitological procedures for direct wet mount and Formol-Ether Concentration methods. Gastrointestinal parasites were identified from 199 (36.2%) samples implying positive results for these infections: Giardia lamblia (3.8%), Entamoeba histolytica (8.9%), Ascaris lumbricoides (7.1%), Entamoeba coli (4.2%), Trichuris trichuria (3.3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (2.2%), Taenia sp. (1.8%), Trichomonas hominis (0.5%) and hookworms (2.9%). Out of this 199 only 55 (27.6%) were HIV positive; statistically there was a significant relationship between HIV status and the rate of parasitic infection (P<0.05). Personal hygiene practices, environmental sanitary conditions, overcrowding, limited access to clean potable water and poor drainage systems influenced gastrointestinal parasitic infection in both HIV positive and negative patients, HIV status may have increased intensity of gastrointestinal parasitic infection. The need for preventive awareness campaigns and mass chemoprophylaxis exercises cannot be overemphasized; government and private sector collaborations will have a wider coverage area and make a lot of impact.

scholarly journals Detection of Antibodies Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus and Other Flaviviruses in a Zoological Collection in Slovenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kvapil ◽  
Joško Račnik ◽  
Marjan Kastelic ◽  
Pavlína Pittermannová ◽  
Tatjana Avšič-Zupanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Zoo Animals ◽  
Exotic Animal ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

Monitoring infectious diseases is one of the most important pillars of preventative veterinary medicine in zoological collections. The zoo environment offers a great variety of different animal species living in proximity and in contact with small wild animals and vectors (e.g., ticks and mosquitos). In this context, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Usutu virus (USUV), and West Nile virus (WNV) causing vector-borne diseases are emerging pathogens that raise concern. The aim of the study was to detect antibodies to selected flaviviruses in various animal species in the Ljubljana Zoo, Slovenia. In total, 874 sera from 96 animal species were tested for antibodies to TBEV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA); positive samples were confirmed by a virus neutralization test (VNT) using TBEV, WNV, and USUV antigens. Antibodies to TBEV were detected by ELISA in 3.9% (34/874) of zoo animals, with 4% (30/753) in mammals and 5% (4/86) in birds; the sera of reptiles (n = 34) and amphibians (n = 1) were negative. Antibodies to TBEV were confirmed by VNT in 11 mammals; one bird was positive for both WNV and USUV. The mixture of exotic animal species and their contact with wild animals and vectors such as ticks and mosquitos suggest that screening of infectious diseases in zoo animals might provide good insight into the epizootological situation of the area. This is the first survey of TBEV, WNV, and USUV in a zoological collection in Slovenia.

scholarly journals Investigation of gastrointestinal parasites of herbivores at Dhaka National Zoological Garden of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
SM Rahman ◽  
AR Dey ◽  
UK Kundu ◽  
N Begum
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infestation ◽  
Zoological Garden ◽  
Strategic Control ◽  
Balantidium Coli ◽  
Spotted Deer ◽  
Greater Kudu

A total of 52 fecal samples were collected from 21 herbivores at Dhaka zoo during January to May, 2012 to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of herbivores. Overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 76.9%, of which 61.5% were positive for helminths and 55.8% were positive for protozoa. The identified parasites were Balantidium coli (55.8%), Paramphistomum sp. (36.5%), Fasciola sp. (19.2%), stomach worm (3.9%), Ascaris sp. (1.9%) and Strongyloides sp. (1.9%). Overall prevalence of mixed infection was 42.3%. Mixed infection was observed in the animals such as Butani cattle (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Giraffe (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Spotted deer (Balantidium coli, Paramphistomum sp. and Fasciola sp.), Sambar deer (Balantidium coli and Fasciola sp.), Horse (Balantidium coli and Ascaris sp.), Greater kudu (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Nil gai (Balantidium coli and stomach worm), Black wilde beast (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Impala (Balantidium coli and Strongyloides sp.), Hippopotamus (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Zebra (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Wilde beast (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.; Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp. and Fasciola sp.), One Horned Rhinoceros (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Common Eland (Balantidium coli and Paramphistomum sp.), Oryx (Balantidium coli and stomach worm). Diameter of ova or cyst was also measured. Egg per gram/ Cyst per gram of feces (EPG/ CPG) were ranged from 300-1200. Gastrointestinal parasites are highly prevalent in herbivores of Dhaka zoo. Strategic control measure is necessary to protect the endangered species from parasitic infestation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21245 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 79-85, June 2014

scholarly journals Intestinal Parasites in Free-Living Puma concolor

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio Cunha Del Vechio ◽  
Edson Gerônimo ◽  
Enzo Emmerich Paula De Castro ◽  
Luciana Vieira Pinto Ribeiro ◽  
Rita De Cássia Lima Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Science Museum ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
In Captivity

Background: Studies on intestinal parasites in cougars Puma concolor are scarce, and most of the available information on the species has been derived from individuals in captivity. One of the greatest threats to the survival of wild cats is habitat loss caused by urban sprawl, agricultural matrix, and linear developments such as highways and railways, which expose animals to direct contact with humans and to a high risk of death. Given the lack of scientific data the objective of this study was to report on the occurrence of intestinal parasites in a cougar (P. concolor) specimen from the northwestern region of Paraná State, Brazil.Case: The carcass of a free-living cougar (P. concolor) individual was sent to the Interdisciplinary Science Museum (Museu Interdisciplinar de Ciências – MIC) of Paranaense University (Universidade Paranaense - UNIPAR); an individual was killed during a collision with an unidentified vehicle on highway PR-486, in the municipality of Mariluz (PR, Brazil). The geographical coordinates of the location where the animal was found are: 23°59′29″S, 53°8′47″W. This region is characterized by semi-deciduous seasonal forest remnants. After being identified on site and collected by the inspectors of the Paraná Environmental Institute (Instituto Ambiental do Paraná - IAP), the cadaver was donated to the MIC (by the IAP) for a necropsy to elucidate the cause of death. In this context, the cadaver was sent to the Animal Pathology section of the Department of Veterinary Medicine at UNIPAR. The animal was necropsied by performing the standard necropsy technique for carnivores: opening the intestine through the mesentery and exposing the mucosa from the duodenum to the colon. The necropsy showed that the cause of death was hypovolemic shock due to trauma. During necropsy, parasites in the intestinal lumen were visible to the naked eye. Parasites and feces were collected and stored in sterile flasks containing 10% formaldehyde and saline. The parasites were subjected to Faust and Hoffman techniques, micrometry, and morphological analysis, resulting in the identification of the roundworm Toxocara cati and the tapeworm Spirometra decipiens.Discussion: Identifying the roadkill species along highways is of paramount importance, since they are living very close to man and, consequently, reservoirs and disseminators of different infectious and parasitic zoonoses may be possible. Infection by protozoa and helminths in animals usually occurs by ingesting the infective form present in food or water. Toxocara cati and the tapeworm Spirometra decipiens were only reported in captivity before. Research on parasites in free-living wild animals is not common in the scientific literature and this is due to the difficulty of capturing this animal category as they live in difficult to access places such as forests and forests, therefore, research projects in partnership with museums are extremely important for the recognition of wild animal species that circulate in the region, in addition to the parasitic identification of these animals for future sanitary measures and for the preservation of the animal species in the environment. The Parasitological studies of wild animals are highly relevant for expanding this knowledge, especially considering the possible transfer risk of specific parasitic diseases to other animals, as well as to humans.

scholarly journals Zoonotic Gastrointestinal Parasites of Baboons (Papio anubis) in the Shai Hill Reserve in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
John Asiedu Larbi ◽  
Stephen Akyeampong ◽  
Amina Abubakari ◽  
Seth Offei Addo ◽  
Dinah Okoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Several intestinal parasites of baboons are of zoonotic importance, especially where there is considerable interaction between the baboons and humans. The identification of gastrointestinal parasite infections of baboons (Papio anubis) was undertaken at the Shai Hills Reserve Resort, Ghana. A total of 51 faecal samples were collected randomly from individual baboons (51) and examined for cysts, eggs, and larvae of parasites of medical importance, using the direct saline smear and formol-ether concentration technique. The baboons were in 7 troops and were grouped into juveniles, subadults, and adults. The survey showed that 92% of the baboon samples examined were infected with at least one or more parasite(s) of medical importance. Hookworm had the highest prevalence of 38.39% followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (22.32%), whilst Diphyllobotrium latum recorded the lowest prevalence of 0.89%. Adults had the highest prevalence of A. lumbricoides (35.42%). Hookworm (47.92%) occurred most in the juveniles. This is the first report of intestinal parasitic infection in baboons within the Shai Hills Reserve. The results showed a high level of multiparasitism in the nonhuman primates, thus the need for possible interventions to maintain ecosystem health and control the infections as they may be a potential source of transmission to humans.

scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN KAGARKO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Peter John Magaji ◽  
J. Y. Magaji
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Age Group

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to of investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among school children in Kagarko Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Methodology: Random sampling was adopted in selecting a sample of five schools with a population of 235 pupils was used for the study. The instrument for the study was the questionnaire used to elicit in information on the risk factors. Also 50 pupils were randomly selected, 10 each from the five selected schools for the stool investigations. The saline/iodine wet mouth procedure was used in the analysis of the stool samples. Findings: Results showed that poor sanitary conditions, inadequate potable water supply, lack of personal hygiene education and lack of de-worming of children enhanced the spread of intestinal parasitic infection. An overall prevalence of 66% was recorded. A total of 6 species of intestinal parasites were recorded in this study. This includes Hookworm, Entamoeba histolytica, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, Schistosoma mansoni, and Entamoeba coli respective prevalence rates of 33.3%, 24.2%, 18.2%, 12.1%, 9.1% and 3.0%. The highest prevalence of 27.3% was recorded in Kutaho, followed by Kushe and Jere with 21.2% each while the least prevalence of 12.1% as recorded in Kagarko. The 11-13 years age group had the highest prevalence of (45.5%), followed by the 8-10 years age group (36.4%), and then the 14 years and above with the least (6.1%). Sex-specific prevalence was higher in males (57.6%) than females (42.4%). Recommendations: The results suggests that Children should be taught on regular personal hygiene. There is also need for Public Health Education on personal hygiene practices in the communities, large scale de-worming campaigns in all primary schools in the area and the host communities.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite in small ruminants of District Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhoollah ◽  
W. Khan ◽  
O. A. Al-Jabr ◽  
T. Khan ◽  
A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽  
Fasciola Spp

Abstract The present research was planned to assess the occurrence of intestinal parasites in small ruminants of Upper Dir of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. For this purpose, the faecal material was collected randomly with gloved fingers directly from the rectum region of sheep and goats and the faecal materials were then put in hygienic plastic bottles with 10% formalin. The overall 315 (n=184 sheep and n= 131 goats) faecal samples were collected out of 315 samples, 281 were found positive for different parasites. Patterns-wise prevalence of GI parasites of the study area was found. Overall Single parasitism 89.20% (281/315) with 94.0% (173/184) in sheep and 82.43% (108/131) in goats. Double parasitic infection in small ruminant recorded in which Fasciola+ Haemonchus. contortus in sheep were found their prevalence was 25.54% (47/184). While in goats, the double parasitic infection in which Haemonchus contortus+Trichuris spp were found and their prevalence were 23.43% (30/131). The species found in the sample of sheep were includes, i.e., Strongyloides papillosus (41.30%), Heamonchus controtus (21.73%), Trichuris ovis (17.39%), and Fasciola hepatica (13.58%), the corresponding value for goat were Strongyloides spp 33.33% (36/108), Haemonchus spp 28.70%, (27/108), Trichuris spp 25.20% (27/184) and Fasciola spp 10.68% (14/184). The sheep of the study area are more infected as compared to goats. This study suggested that gastrointestinal parasites are major health problems of small ruminants in the study area. Therefore, a comprehensive study on species of gastrointestinal parasites circulating in the area, control options, cost-effective strategies and awareness about gastrointestinal parasites among the farmers in the study area should be instituted.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Some Intestinal Parasites in Stray Dogs From Tetova, Fyr Macedonia

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Abdilazis Llokmani ◽  
Dhimitër Rapti
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

Stray dogs are a reservoir of intestinal parasites and a source of infection for pet dog owners. Some parasites, including hookworms and roundworms, are zoonotic parasites. This means they can easily be transmitted from pets to humans. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in stray dogs located in Tetova, FYR Macedonia region between February to April 2017. A total of 60 samples were examined by centrifugation-flotation methods. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites were 0,40%, 0,13%, 0,08%, and 0,01% for Ancylostoma spp., Trichuris vulpis , Toxocara canis and Coccidia respectively. Stray dogs are associated with a high risk of infection. Also, the periodic laboratory tests can confirm this. The information received from this present study may be useful in the designing of control programs. It was also used in educating the dogs’ owners about public health issues of dog keeping, hence reducing the risks associated with zoonotic infections.

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