New apple-tree (Malus domestica Mill.) varieties as sourses of breeding valuable traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
TI Krasulia
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Stable Expression ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
New Cultivars

Aim. To identify sources of several valuable economic and biological traits among new Ukrainian and foreign cultivars. Results and Discussion. The weather in the spring of 2019 and 2020 contributed to the epiphytotic development of scab, which allowed for assessment of susceptibility of new cultivars to this disease and for identification of sources of high resistance to it. There were no pathogen signs in immune cvs. Harant, Goldrush, Topaz, and William's Pride, which are carriers of the scab resistance oligogen (Vf). No cultivars that would be consistently highly-resistant to this disease in the field have been found. The creation of cultivars with a columnar crown remains a promising trend in breeding. Cv. Ruslan is a columnarity source. As to fruit yield, the leaders were Elise, Geneva Early, Goldrush, Honeycrisp, Pilot, and Topaz. Cvs. Harant, Ruslan, Elise, William's Pride gave stable fruit yields. Cvs. Kakhovske, Alionushkino, Julia, Honeycrisp, and Topaz give yields every year. Cvs. Harant, Malakhit and Rubin are sources of large fruits. Cv. Harant is noticeable for stable expression of this trait, which makes it a reference of large fruits. Mid-sized apples are considered the most optimal for selling. The sources of this trait are cvs. Ruslan, Elise, Honeycrisp, Szampion Arno, and Topaz. Most of the studied cultivars have round or flat-round fruits. Kakhovske apples are distinguished by their unordinary oval (sinapoid) shape. Sources of several features that determine highly-attractive appearance of their fruits have been distinguished. These are cvs. Harant, Malakhit, Ruslan, Elise, Geneva Early, Honeycrisp, Rubin, and William's Pride. Apples of cvs. Kakhovske, Elise, Honeycrisp, Rubin, and William's Pride are characterized by excellent palatability. Cultivars that are sources of several valuable economic and biological traits have been selected. Conclusions. Modern apple cultivars are starting material for creating new cultivars that will meet the future requirements. Cvs. Harant, Ruslan, Elise, Honeycrisp, Topaz, and William's Pride are sources of the maximum number of selectively valuable traits. By crossing them with cvs. Kakhovske, Malakhit, Alionushkino, Geneva Early, Goldrush, Julia, Pilot, and Rubin, it is possible to obtain genotypes with various ripening periods, which would combine immunity to scab, compact crown, high and stable yield, and high quality fruits.

scholarly journals The Influence of Agrotechnological Tools on cv. Rubin Apples Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Kristina Laužikė ◽  
Nobertas Uselis ◽  
Giedrė Samuolienė
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
The World

With the growing demand for quality food in the world, there is a new ambition to produce high-quality apples seeking reduced cultivation costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of agrotechnological tools on the quality of cv. Rubin apples during the harvest. The apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) cv. Rubin was grafted on dwarfing rootstocks P60, planted in single rows spaced 1.25 m between trees and 3.5 m between rows. Six agrotechnological tools were used—hand pruning, mechanical pruning, trunk incision, calcium-prohexadione, summer pruning and mechanical pruning one side, changing sides annually. The agrotechnical tools had no significant effect on accumulation of most sugars and elements, malic, folic and succinic acids in the fruits. Mechanical pruning resulted in significant accumulation of phenolic compounds, antioxidants, ascorbic acid, but reduced the amount of glucose compared to hand pruning. However, the trunk incision or spraying with ca-prohexadione together with mechanical pruning had no significant effect on sugar content but resulted in significantly higher amounts of phenols, antioxidants, ascorbic acid, Fe and Mn and reduced starch and citric acid.

Parameters of inner quality of the apple scab resistant and susceptible apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Mikulic Petkovsek ◽  
Franci Stampar ◽  
Robert Veberic
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Apple Cultivars

A PROSPECTS OF THE SUPER-INTENSIVE UNSUPPORTED GARDENS ESTABLISHMENT OF COLUMNAR APPLE TREE VARIETIES

1970 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
S. А. Korneeva ◽  
Е. N. Sedov ◽  
T. V. Янчук
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dwarf Rootstocks

Columnar apple cultivars are optimally suited to lay apple tree plantings using intensive technology, which provides for super-dense placement of trees. The article considers a variant of growing columnar apple cultivars on inserts of dwarf rootstocks 3-17-38 and 62-396. The use of dwarf rootstocks 3-17-38 and 62-396 as intercalar inserts in the cultivation of columnar apple cultivars, along with good anchoring of plants, provides high precocity, productivity and economic efficiency of planting. All the costs of laying the orchard and annual works on agrotechnical care of the trees were paid off in the fourth year after planting.The economic and biological features of the columnar cultivars provided not only a quick return of the investments, but also a high level of profitability. The profitability of the studied columnar planting for the 6th year after planting (2020) on average for all cultivars was 106.0 % on the insert of the dwarf rootstock 62-396 and 104.7 % on the insert 3-17-38. The profit received on average for the plantings amounted to 2 378 661 rubles per ha. In the group of the studied cultivars, there is a difference in economic efficiency. The lowest level of productivity and profitability was in the Vostorg cultivar: on average, on two inserts, the yield in 2020 was 27.3 t/ha and the profitability was 66.6%. The Girlyanda cultivar was characterized by the maximum yield and profitability: 88.0 t/ha and 115.8%, respectively.

Chinook apple

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-289
Author(s):  
H. A. Quamme ◽  
R. A. MacDonald ◽  
W. D. Lane ◽  
C. R. Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Apple Cultivar ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Long Storage

Chinook is an attractive, high-quality apple cultivar ripening after Red Delicious. It was selected for its outstanding appearance, texture and flavour and long storage life. Key words: Malus domestica Borkh., dessert apple, cultivar description

scholarly journals Quantification of Venturia inaequalis Growth in Malus × domestica with Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1791-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Gusberti ◽  
Andrea Patocchi ◽  
Cesare Gessler ◽  
Giovanni A. L. Broggini
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was developed and validated for quantification of Venturia inaequalis in infected leaf tissue of Malus × domestica. The method is based on dual-labeled hybridization probes, allowing simultaneous detection of host and pathogen DNA within one single reaction. Limit of quantification for the pathogen was 0.5 pg per reaction and, for the host, reached 5 pg per reaction. The fungal growth measured in four apple cultivars 2 weeks after inoculation significantly correlated with their different level of scab resistance and allowed the observation of ontogenic resistance. After sporulation on the youngest leaf, fungal biomass in susceptible ‘Gala’ was 118 times higher than in resistant ‘Florina’ and ‘Discovery’ while intermediate values were found with the intermediate susceptible ‘Milwa’. Correlation was also observed between severity classes obtained by visual scoring of symptoms and qPCR results. Moreover, qPCR demonstrated validity of the developed method as a disease severity forecast tool 10 days after the pathogen's inoculation and prior to the appearance of the symptoms. Applications of the methodology can include the quantification of scab resistance during breeding programs, evaluation of fungicide and biocontrol efficacy, and quantification of the fitness of different pathogenic strains.

Validation of reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in peel and flesh of six apple cultivars (Malus domestica) at diverse stages of fruit development

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Zhu ◽  
Chengquan Yang ◽  
Yaohua You ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
Nannan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Apple Cultivars

scholarly journals Using scab resistant donors in apple breeding

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 600-603
Author(s):  
B. Gelvonauskis ◽  
D. Gelvonauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Half Diallel ◽  
Selection Of

Apple cultivars were crossed according to the half-diallel and topcross mating design. Apple scab resistance of seedlings was estimated by using a 0–5 scale: 0 – no infection on leaves, 5 – more than 75% of leaf area infected. Percentage of scab resistant seedlings in crosses involving cultivars Prima varied from 35.8% to 67.6%, involving cultivars Florina and Arbat – 51.9–59.5% and 53.5–72.5%, respectively. Significant differences for resistance to scab were found among the crosses. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant. The significance of GCA for scab resistance shows that genetic variability exists for this trait and selection should result in genetic progress, because the mean square for GCA was larger than that calculated for SCA. Therefore, selection of parents on its phenotype should be effective for development of resistant apple cultivars. The significant SCA estimates indicate that a large number of resistant seedlings from particular crosses should be selected.

scholarly journals Impact of Microtus arvalis and Lepus europaeus on apple trees by trunk bark gnawing

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Josef Suchomel ◽  
Jan Šipoš ◽  
Ladislav Čepelka ◽  
Marta Heroldová
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Common Vole ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
European Hare ◽  
Bark Damage ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Common Voles

A unique evaluation of the apple tree trunk bark damage caused by common vole and European hare was presented. Damage was found in an apple orchard under organic farming, in Central Moravia (Czech Republic), at 700 m a.s.l. There were two cultivated apple cultivars Red Spring and Melodie/Angold. Damage occurred in winter with the snow cover lasting from December to February. In total 1 012 trees and 95.7% of trees were damaged. The cv. Red Spring was damaged more than cv. Melodie/Angold. Almost 90% of the dead trees were killed by common voles. While hares damaged both cultivars equally, voles damaged the cv. Red Spring to a significantly greater extent (P = 0.04). The study confirms the need of further research on the development of methodologies for orchard protection from damage caused by small mammals.

scholarly journals Blackberry cult ivation in the world

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Clark ◽  
Chad E. Finn
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
World Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The World ◽  
Improved Cultivars ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
New Cultivars

Blackberries have now become a common fruit in marketing outlets, particularly in North America and the European Union. Blackberries have enjoyed expansion due to a combination of factors including improved cultivars, expanded marketing efforts and fruit availability, and an overall increase in berry consumption, especially as fresh fruit, in many areas of the world. It is estimated that cultivated blackberries are grown in excess of 25,000 ha worldwide. World production, and cultivation are commented.The rapid expansion of the blackberry industry has been remarkable. New, higher quality, cultivars, modified production practices and new production regions have all combined to make this crop one that consumers expect to be available fresh year-round in their grocery stores. As new cultivars are developed that combine the industry's need for high quality arrivals with increased flavors and expanded dates of harvest, the blackberry industry should expand further.

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