scholarly journals Effects of Particle Size and Composite Composition of Durian Peels and Banana Midribs' as Reinforcement Components on Resin-Based Brake Pad Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽  
◽  
Alma Tyara Simbara ◽  
Gabriela Chelvina Santiuly Girsang ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

This study aims to determine the effect of particle size and material composition on the performance of resin-based brake pads. Experiments were carried out by mixing 75% UPR with durian peel and banana midribs fibers using ratios of 1/1, 3/2, and 2/3 at particle sizes of 104 and 250 μm. The experimental results shows that decreasing the particle size improves the mechanical properties of brake pads, but gives a high wear value and a low coefficient of friction. In addition, an increase in the percentage of banana midrib fibers as a whole provides better brake pad performance. The results of the comparison between commercial-based brake pads confirm that agricultural waste is potential as an alternative to friction materials in brake pads. Brake pad with a fiber ratio of 2/3 104 μm had highest values of hardness, wear and friction coefficient, namely 20.33 N/cm3, 2.02 x 10-4 g/s.mm2, and 0.2465. while the 1/1 250 μm and 3/2 250 μm had the lowest coefficient values and compressive strength of 0.1195 and 9.14 N/cm3. This study demonstrates the use of biomass waste as an alternative to friction material to overcome the dangerous problem of using asbestos in brake pads.

KARAKTERISASI KEAUSAN KOMPOSIT CANGKANG KEMIRI DAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA SEBAGAI BAHAN PEMBUATAN KAMPAS REM (BRAKE PAD)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Randy Simamora ◽  
Chandra Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Reinforcing Fibers ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Shell Powder

The research has been conducted on the use of candlenut shells and coconut shells as composite materials in the manufacture of brake pads. The design of friction composite formulations is carried out based on four classes of friction material namely fillers, binders, reinforcing fibers and property modifiers with a fixed percentage based on weight. Comparison of the composition of Candlenut shell powder and coconut shell for each sample S-01 (35: 25) wt .-%, S-02 (30: 20) wt .-%, and S-03 (25: 15) wt. -%. From the results of data analysis, the values of water absorption for each sample were S-01 (0.00706%), S-02 (0.000496%), S-03 (0.00584%). The lowest wear test was found in the S-03 sample of 3.67 x 10-5 g / mm2.s. The SEM-EDS test results show the distribution of particles in different friction materials for each sample and show that carbon is present in approximately equal amounts in all formulations. The predominance of the presence of metals in brake linings includes: iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), carbon (C), and aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), potassium (K)

Thermal and Fade Aspects of a Non Asbestos Semi Metallic Disc Brake Pad Formulation with Two Different Resins

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 1559-1563
Author(s):  
M.A. Sai Balaji ◽  
K. Kalaichelvan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The formulation of a brake pad requires the optimization of multiple performance criteria. To achieve a stable and adequate friction (µ), the brake pad materials should have low fade and higher recovery characteristics coupled with less wear and noise. Among the properties mentioned, resistance to fade is very difficult to achieve. The type and amount of resin in the friction material is very critical for structural integrity of the composites. The binder should not deteriorate under any diverse conditions. The thermal stability of friction materials and its capacity to bind its ingredients collectively under diverse conditions depend upon the quality and proportion of resin. The current work evaluates the fade and recovery behaviour of developed friction composites from two different resins which are traditional straight phenolic resin and the alkyl benzene modified phenolic resin. Two brake pads with these different resins were fabricated as per Industrial Standard. TGA is carried between 150 – 4000 C as this zone of temperature is very critical which accounts for the weight loss (Thermal degradation). Friction and wear studies were carried out on a friction coefficient test rig as per SAE J661a standard. The results showed that the fade and wear of the friction materials were closely related to the thermal decomposition of the binder resin and durability of the contact plateaus, which were produced by the compaction of wear debris around hard ingredients on the rubbing surface. It was clearly observed that the friction materials with modified resin showed significant reduction in fade %. Friction materials made with higher thermal stability showed resistance to fade. However wear didn’t show much noticeable changes.

Production of Asbestos-free Brake Pad Using Groundnut Shell as Filler Material

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Solomon ◽  
M. T. Lilly ◽  
J. I. Sodiki
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Sieve Size ◽  
Groundnut Shell ◽  
The Cost

The development and evaluation of brake pads using groundnut shell (GS) particles as substitute material for asbestos were carried out in this study. This was with a view to harnessing the properties of GS, which is largely deposited as waste, and in replacing asbestos which is carcinogenic in nature despite its good tribological and mechanical properties. Two sets of composite material were developed using varying particle sizes of GS as filler material, with phenolic resin as binder with percentage compositions of 45% and 50% respectively. Results obtained indicate that the compressive strength and density increase as the sieve size of the filler material decreases, while water and oil absorption rates increase with an increase in sieve size of GS particle. This study also indicates that the cost of producing brake pad can be reduced by 19.14 percent if GS is use as filler material in producing brake pad. The results when compared with those of asbestos and industrial waste showed that GS particle can be used as an effective replacement for asbestos in producing automobile brake pad. Unlike asbestos, GS-based brake pads are environmental friendly, biodegradable and cost effective.

Effect of Particle Size on the Oil Yield and Catechin Compound Using Accelerated Solvent Extraction

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Azizi Che Yunus ◽  
Manzurudin Hasan ◽  
Norasikin Othman ◽  
Siti Hamidah Mohd-Setapar ◽  
Liza Md.-Salleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Accelerated Solvent Extraction ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Experimental Range ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Extraction Cycle

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesan saiz zarah ke atas pengekstrakan sebatian catechin daripada biji Areca catechu L. dengan menggunakan Pengekstrakan Pelarut Terpecut (PPT). Saiz zarah biji Areca catechu dipelbagaikan dari 75 μm sehingga 500 μm. Pengekstrakan telah dijalankan padaparameter tetap iaitu suhu (140oC), tekanan (1500 psi), masa (10 minit), isipadu semburan (60%) dan satu kitaran pengekstrakan, masing-masing. Hasil minyak peratusan yang lebih tinggi adalah 300 mg minyak / gram sampel (30.00% pati minyak) ditemui pada 125 μm. Walaubagaimanapun, kandungan catechin dalam pati minyak hanya 0.0375 mg catechin / gram sampel. Saiz zarah yang terbaik dalam julat uji kaji ini telah dikenal pasti pada 500 μm yang memberikan kandungan catechin yang tinggi iaitu 0.0515 mg catechin / gram sampel dari 247.5 mg minyak / gram sampel (24.75% pati minyak). Kata kunci: Saiz zarah; catechin; LC-MS-TOF; pengekstrakan pelarut terpecut The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of particle size on the extraction of catechincompound from Areca catechu L. seeds by using Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE). The particle sizes of Areca catechu L. seeds are varied from 75 µm until 500 µm. The extraction is conducted at fixed parameters which are temperature (140oC), pressure (1500 psi), extraction time (10 minutes), flush volume (60%) and the static cycle is done for 1 extraction cycle respectively. Higher percentage oil yield of 300mg oil/gram of sample (30.00% oil yield) is found at 125 µm. However, the amount of catechin in oil yields is only 0.0375 mg of catechin/gram of sample. The best of particle size within the experimental range has been identified at 500 µm which gives a high content of catechin with 0.0515 mg Catechin/gram of sample from 247.5 mg oil/gram of sample (24.75% oil yield). Keywords: Particle size; catechin; LC-MS-TOF; accelerated solvent extraction

The use of hollow sphere pigments as strength additives in paper and paperboard coatings—Part 1: The predictive nature of packing models on coating properties

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 585-593
Author(s):  
ETHAN GLOR ◽  
BRIAN EINSLA ◽  
JOHN ROPER ◽  
JIAN YANG ◽  
VALERIY GINZBURG
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Hollow Sphere ◽  
Particle Packing ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Coating Properties ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Thermal Paper ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Better Than

Hollow sphere pigments (HSPs) are widely used at low levels in coated paper to increase coating bulk and to provide gloss to the final sheet. However, HSPs also provide an ideal system through which one can examine the effect of pigment size and particle packing within a coating due to their unimodal and tunable particle sizes. The work presented in Part 1 and Part 2 of this study will discuss the use of blends of traditional inorganic pigments and HSPs in coating formulations across a variety of applications for improved coating strength. Part 1 of this study focuses on the theory of bimodal spherical packing and demonstrates the predictive nature of packing models on the properties of coating systems containing HSPs of two different sizes. This study also examines conditions where the model fails by examining the effect of particle size on coating strength in sytems like thermal paper basecoats where the non-HSP component has a broad particle size distribution, and how these surprising trends can be used to generate better-than-expected thermal printing performance in systems with low HSP/clay ratios. Part 2 of this study focuses on the incorporation of HSPs of different particle sizes into paperboard formulations to affect coating strength and opacity.

Brake Wear Particle Size and Shape Analysis of Non-Asbestos Organic (NAO) and Semi Metallic Brake Pad

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain, S. ◽  
M.K Abdul Hamid ◽  
A.R Mat Lazim ◽  
A.R. Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wear Particle ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Brake Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Wear ◽  
Particle Size And Shape

Brake wear particles resulting from friction between the brake pad and disc are common in brake system. In this work brake wear particles were analyzed based on the size and shape to investigate the effects of speed and load applied to the generation of brake wear particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to identify the size, shape and element compositions of these particles. Two types of brake pads were studied which are non-asbestos organic and semi metallic brake pads. Results showed that the size and shape of the particles generatedvary significantly depending on the applied brake load, and less significantly on brake disc speed. The wear particle becomes bigger with increasing applied brake pressure. The wear particle size varies from 300 nm to 600 µm, and contained elements such as carbon, oxygen, magnesium, aluminum, sulfur and iron.

A retrofit for asbestos-based brake pad employing palm kernel fiber as the base filler material

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (9) ◽  
pp. 1906-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Achebe ◽  
JL Chukwuneke ◽  
FA Anene ◽  
CM Ewulonu
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Automotive Brake

The development of automobile brake pad using locally sourced palm kernel fiber was carried out. Asbestos, a carcinogenic material, has been used for decades as a friction material. This development has thus prompted a couple of research efforts geared towards its replacement for brake pad manufacture. Palm kernel fiber was used as an alternative filler material in conjunction with various quantities of epoxy resin as the matrix. Three sets of compositions were made, and the resulting specimens subjected to physical and mechanical tests using standard materials, procedures, and equipment. The essence is to determine their suitability and hence possible performance in service. The result showed that sample C with 40% palm kernel fiber content having hardness, compressive strength, abrasion resistance, specific gravity, water absorption, and oil absorption of 178 MPa, 96.2 MPa, 1.67 mg/m, 1.8 g/cm3, 1.86%, and 0.89%, respectively, had an optimum performance rating. It was equally ascertained that increase in the filler content had the effect of increase in hardness, wear resistance, and specific gravity of the composite brake pad, while water and oil absorption got decreased when compared with results obtained by other researchers using conventional brake pads made of other friction materials including asbestos. This is an indicator that palm kernel fiber is a possible and effective retrofit for asbestos as a filler material in automotive brake pad manufacture.

scholarly journals Effect of Particle Size on the HDS Activity of Molybdenum Sulfide

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Contreras ◽  
Fernanda Isquierdo ◽  
Pedro Pereira-Almao ◽  
Carlos E. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Molybdenum Sulfide ◽  
Vacuum Gas Oil ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Heavy Oils ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

More than half of the total world oil reserves are heavy oil, extra heavy oil, and bitumen; however their catalytic conversion to more valuable products is challenging. The use of submicronic particles or nanoparticles of catalysts suspended in the feedstock may be a viable alternative to the conversion of heavy oils at refinery level or downhole (in situ upgrading). In the present work, molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) particles with varying diameters (10000–10 nm) were prepared using polyvinylpyrrolidone as capping agent. The prepared particles were characterized by DLS, TEM, XRD, and XPS and tested in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of a vacuum gas oil (VGO). A correlation between particle size and activity is presented. It was found that particles with diameters around 13 nm show double the HDS activity compared with the material with micrometric particle sizes (diameter ≈ 10,000 nm).

Manufacturing Brake Pads by Using Hot Powder Preform Forging for Low Duty Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 299-300 ◽  
pp. 820-823
Author(s):  
A.A.S. Ghazi ◽  
K. Chandra ◽  
P.S. Misra
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
High Density ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Recovery Test ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Powder Preform ◽  
Fade And Recovery ◽  
Materials Used

To develop a high density brake pad for low duty application, a P/M route based on ‘Hot Powder Preform Forging’ was developed, which is not possible by sintering route. The mechanical properties of these materials were characterized using ASTM standards. The limitations of the conventional technique i.e. Compacting and Sintering for the manufacture of brake pads were tried to remove by adopting this technology. It offers better opportunity for pore free materials with better bonding between metallic and non-metallic constituents. Fade and Recovery test were done by using a Krauss Tester. μfade, μrecoveryand μperformancelie within the range of friction materials used for low duty applications.

The effect of boron on the performance of automotive brake

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muzathik ◽  
Y. Nizam ◽  
M. Ahmad ◽  
W. Nik
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Brake System ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Brake Performance ◽  
Single Material ◽  
Automotive Brake

Friction material in an automotive brake system plays an important role for effective and safe brake performance. A single material has never been sufficient to solve performance related issues. Current research aimed to examine properties of Boron mixed brake pads by comparing them with the commercial brake pads. Friction coefficient of Boron mixed brake pads and commercial brake pads were significantly different and increased with the increase in surface roughness. The abrupt reduction of friction coefficient is more significant in commercial brake pad samples than in Boron mixed brake pad formulations. Fade occurred in commercial brake pad sample at lower temperatures. Boron formulations are more stable than their commercial counterparts.

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