scholarly journals Mechanizmy COVID-19 a układ odpornościowy i jego starzenie

Kosmos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-417
Author(s):  
Jacek M. Witkowski ◽  
Ewa Bryl
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Old People ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Elderly And Old People

Epidemiological studies concerning the new coronavirus disease called COVID-19 show that elderly and old people are more susceptible to symptomatic, severe course of the disease, and also to death as its consequence. These age groups frequently suffer from associated, aging-related, chronic inflammatory diseases, in the case of COVID-19 described as co-morbidities. This paper describes the mechanisms of infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus and the development of acute COVID-19 and of its chronic form called long COVID, as well as the participation of various components of the immune system in the development and course of  this disease in the context of changing properties (aging) of both the innate and adaptive immunity in the elderly. In particular, the role of two key phenomena occurring in the aging immune system and precipitating or at least facilitating the aging-related diseases including COVID-19, namely the immunosenescence and inflammaging, is discussed.

BIOREGULATORY THERAPY IN GERONTOSTOMATOLOGY: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROSPECTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1158-1164
Author(s):  
А. К. Иорданишвили
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Old People ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Elderly And Old People

Увеличение доли пожилых и старых людей в структуре населения является особенностью настоящего времени, которая охватывает практически весь мир. Постарение населения изменило область задач врачей разных специальностей, в том числе стоматологов, делая повышение качества оказания стоматологической помощи и жизни людей старших возрастных групп наиболее приоритетными. Важной в поддержании здоровья людей старших возрастных групп является биорегуляция, которая представляет сложный комплекс межклеточных взаимодействий, направленный на поддержание гомеостаза и отвечающий за течение таких важных физиологических процессов, как дифференцировка и деление клеток, регенерация тканей, старение организма, обмен и воспроизведение генетической информации и многое другое. Биорегулирующая терапия направлена на ликвидацию нарушений гомеостаза для нормализации функций поврежденных клеток, тканей и органов. Цель работы - исследовать основные направления использования, достижения и перспективы биорегулирующей терапии в области геронтостоматологии. Представлены основные результаты применения биорегулирующей терапии в геронтостоматологии при лечении заболеваний пародонта, слизистой оболочки полости рта, височно-нижнечелюстного сустава, одонтогенных гнойно-воспалительных заболеваний и очагов стоматогенной хронической инфекции, а также перспективы их дальнейшего применения. The increase in the proportion of elderly and old people in the structure of the population is a feature of the present time, which covers almost the entire world. The aging of the population has changed the scope of tasks of doctors of various specialties, including dentists, making improving the quality of dental care and the life of older people a top priority. Bioregulation is important in maintaining the health of people of older age groups, which is a multiple complex of intercellular interactions aimed at maintaining homeostasis and responsible for the course of such important physiological processes as cell differentiation and division, tissue regeneration, aging of the body, exchange and reproduction of genetic information, and much other. Bioregulatory therapy is aimed at eliminating homeostasis disorders in order to normalize the functions of damaged cells, tissues and organs. The purpose of this work is to investigate the main directions of use, achievements and prospects of bioregulatory therapy in the field of gerontostomatology. The main results of the use of bioregulatory therapy in gerontostomatology in the treatment of periodontal diseases, oral mucosa, temporomandibular joint, odontogenic purulent-inflammatory diseases and foci of stomatogenic chronic infection, as well as the prospects for their further use are presented.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Role of Nutrients: How Can Pulmonary Dysfunctions Improve?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cristina Gozzi-Silva ◽  
Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira ◽  
Alberto José da Silva Duarte ◽  
Maria Notomi Sato ◽  
Luana de Mendonça Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Lung Health

Nutrition is an important tool that can be used to modulate the immune response during infectious diseases. In addition, through diet, important substrates are acquired for the biosynthesis of regulatory molecules in the immune response, influencing the progression and treatment of chronic lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this way, nutrition can promote lung health status. A range of nutrients, such as vitamins (A, C, D, and E), minerals (zinc, selenium, iron, and magnesium), flavonoids and fatty acids, play important roles in reducing the risk of pulmonary chronic diseases and viral infections. Through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, nutrients are associated with better lung function and a lower risk of complications since they can decrease the harmful effects from the immune system during the inflammatory response. In addition, bioactive compounds can even contribute to epigenetic changes, including histone deacetylase (HDAC) modifications that inhibit the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines, which can contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in the context of infections and chronic inflammatory diseases. These nutrients also play an important role in activating immune responses against pathogens, which can help the immune system during infections. Here, we provide an updated overview of the roles played by dietary factors and how they can affect respiratory health. Therefore, we will show the anti-inflammatory role of flavonoids, fatty acids, vitamins and microbiota, important for the control of chronic inflammatory diseases and allergies, in addition to the antiviral role of vitamins, flavonoids, and minerals during pulmonary viral infections, addressing the mechanisms involved in each function. These mechanisms are interesting in the discussion of perspectives associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its pulmonary complications since patients with severe disease have vitamins deficiency, especially vitamin D. In addition, researches with the use of flavonoids have been shown to decrease viral replication in vitro. This way, a full understanding of dietary influences can improve the lung health of patients.

scholarly journals Tumorigenic Aspects of MSC Senescence—Implication in Cancer Development and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
Slavko Mojsilović ◽  
Aleksandra Jauković ◽  
Tamara Kukolj ◽  
Hristina Obradović ◽  
Ivana Okić Đorđević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tumor Prevention ◽  
Stromal Stem Cells

As an organism ages, many physiological processes change, including the immune system. This process, called immunosenescence, characterized by abnormal activation and imbalance of innate and adaptive immunity, leads to a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, termed inflammaging. Aging and inflammaging are considered to be the root of many diseases of the elderly, as infections, autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, degenerative diseases, and cancer. The role of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) in the inflammaging process and the age-related diseases is not completely established, although numerous features of aging MSCs, including altered immunomodulatory properties, impeded MSC niche supporting functions, and senescent MSC secretory repertoire are consistent with inflammaging development. Although senescence has its physiological function and can represent a mechanism of tumor prevention, in most cases it eventually transforms into a deleterious (para-)inflammatory process that promotes tumor growth. In this review we are going through current literature, trying to explore the role of senescent MSCs in making and/or sustaining a microenvironment permissive to tumor development and to analyze the therapeutic options that could target this process.

scholarly journals COVID-19: sitting is the new smoking; the role of exercise in augmenting the immune system among the elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-93
Author(s):  
Olorunfemi Tokunbo ◽  
Taiwo Abayomi ◽  
Damilare Adekomi ◽  
Ibukun Oyeyipo
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Data Source

Introduction: Like smoking, sedentary lifestyle is an issue of great concern because of its deleterious health challenges and implications. Given the global spread of the new coronavirus (COVID-19), social isolation regulations and laws have been implemented in many countries to contain the spread of the virus and this has caused a drastic shift from the usual physically demanding life to a sedentary lifestyle characterized by significantly reduced physical activities and prolong sitting. Methods/Data Source: Human and nonhuman primate literature was examined to compare experimental and clinical modulation of inflammatory cytokines by exercised-induced myokines. Data synthesis: Experimental and clinical evidence was used to examine whether exercised-induced myokines can prime the immune system of the elderly population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The immune system changes with advancement in age which increases the likelihood of infectious disease morbidity and mortality in older adults. Several epidemiological studies have also shown that physical inactivity among geri- atric population impacts negatively on the immune system. Evidences on the importance of exercise in priming the immune system of elderly individuals could be an effective therapeutic strategy in combating the virus as it may well be a case of “let those with the best immune system win”. Keywords: Exercise; immune system; sedentary lifestyle; myokines.

scholarly journals Produljenje ljudskog vijeka - sudbina i problem povodom međunarodne godine posvećene starijim osobama s posebnim osvrtom na Zadar i zadarsku županiju

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anđelko Mrkonjić ◽  
Dijana Vican
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Old People ◽  
Demographic Aging ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Gender

The significant increase in the number of eldery people and the demographic predictions which anticipate a world-wide threefold multiplication of the number of elderly people by the year 2030 point to the phenomenon of the demographic aging of the population of which Croatia is also a part. The purpose of the article is to analytically describe the age structure of people in the Zadar district and to elaborate the condition and the problems of the elderly in this region on the basis of statistical findings and gender defferences. Forms of welfare and care for the eldery are described and critically evaluated. Using as a point of departure old age and the process of growing old as both an individual and a social problem the authors address the aims of improving the quality of life of the elderly from the perspective of educational science: the reclamation of the dignity of life of the elderly within integrative cohabitation, the overcoming of prejudices concerning the eldery through education and teaching, making all age groups conscious of the role of old people, the development of love and empathy through the development of conceiving the time of the old and the old as the time of life, the development of selfperception of older and old people through their active and useful participation. The realization of these goals is envisioned through the mediation of educational institutions, religious communities and organizations, the media, through organized teaching and the self-education of older and old persons.

scholarly journals All disease begins in the (leaky) gut: role of zonulin-mediated gut permeability in the pathogenesis of some chronic inflammatory diseases

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Fasano
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Mucosal Barrier Function

Improved hygiene leading to reduced exposure to microorganisms has been implicated as one possible cause for the recent “epidemic” of chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) in industrialized countries. That is the essence of the hygiene hypothesis that argues that rising incidence of CIDs may be, at least in part, the result of lifestyle and environmental changes that have made us too “clean” for our own good, so causing changes in our microbiota. Apart from genetic makeup and exposure to environmental triggers, inappropriate increase in intestinal permeability (which may be influenced by the composition of the gut microbiota), a “hyper-belligerent” immune system responsible for the tolerance–immune response balance, and the composition of gut microbiome and its epigenetic influence on the host genomic expression have been identified as three additional elements in causing CIDs. During the past decade, a growing number of publications have focused on human genetics, the gut microbiome, and proteomics, suggesting that loss of mucosal barrier function, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, may substantially affect antigen trafficking, ultimately influencing the close bidirectional interaction between gut microbiome and our immune system. This cross-talk is highly influential in shaping the host gut immune system function and ultimately shifting genetic predisposition to clinical outcome. This observation led to a re-visitation of the possible causes of CIDs epidemics, suggesting a key pathogenic role of gut permeability. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that the zonulin family, a group of proteins modulating gut permeability, is implicated in a variety of CIDs, including autoimmune, infective, metabolic, and tumoral diseases. These data offer novel therapeutic targets for a variety of CIDs in which the zonulin pathway is implicated in their pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Coeducação de Gerações: representação de avós mediadores de leitura na obra “Por Parte de Pai”

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Jéssica de Barros Franciscati ◽  
Célia Regina Delácio Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Old People ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Voice

Este estudo busca representar por meio da obra Por Parte de Pai, de Bartolomeu Campos Queirós (2011), selecionadas pelo PNBE, a relação entre avós e netos que mesmo em diferentes faixas etárias conseguem promover elos igualitários, estabelecendo uma coeducação de gerações. Pretende evidenciar como os personagens idosos/avós têm exercido o papel de mediadores de leitura em relação ao seu neto, e também, elucidar como acontece esta partilha entre velhos e crianças. Busca ainda, demonstrar em que medida a narrativa selecionada recupera a voz de pequenos e anciões embasando como acontece esta partilha de saber, sem desconsiderar, contudo, as diferenças existentes na infância e na velhice.Palavras-chave: Mediação de leitura. Coeducação. PNBE. Coeducation of Generations: representation of grandparents as mediators in the reading in the work “Por Parte do Pai”ABSTRACTThis study seeks to represent the relationship between grandparents and grandchildren who, even in diff erent age groups, are able to promote egalitarian links by establishing a coeducation of generations through Bartolomeu Campos Queirós’s Por Parte do Pai (Bartolomeu Campos Queirós, 2011). It aims to show how the elderly / grandparent characters have played the role of reading mediators in relation to their grandchildren, and also to elucidate how this sharing between old people and children. It also seeks to demonstrate the extent to which the selected narrative recovers the voice of old people and children based on this sharing of knowledge, without disregarding, however, the diff erences existing in childhood and old age.Keywords: Reading mediation. Co-education. PNBE. Coeducación de Generaciones: representación de abuelos mediadores de lectura en la obra “Por parte del Padre”RESUMENEste estudio busca representar por medio de la obra Por parte del Padre, de Bartolomeu Campos Queirós (2011), seleccionadas por el PNBE, la relación entre abuelos y nietos que mismo en diferentes franjas etarias consiguen promover nudos igualitarios estableciendo una coeducación de generaciones. Se pretende, evidenciar cómo los personajes ancianos / abuelos han ejercido el papel de mediadores de lectura en relación a su nieto, y también, elucidar como sucede este reparto entre viejos y niños. También busca demostrar en qué medida la narrativa seleccionada recupera la voz de viejos y niños basándose como sucede este reparto de saber, sin desconsiderar, sin embargo, las diferencias existentes en la infancia y en la vejez.Palabras clave: Mediación de lectura. Coeducación. PNBE.

scholarly journals Dementia in elderly patients as a consequence of arterial hypertension (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey S Mikhailov ◽  
Kirill L. Kozlov ◽  
Andrey N Shishkevich ◽  
Evgeniy Yu. Bessonov ◽  
Nikolai G. Lukjanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Population ◽  
Old People ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Elderly And Old People

Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia are important causes of cognitive decline in the elderly and senile. This problem is becoming increasingly important in connection with the general aging of the world population and an increase in the number of patients with concomitant pathology, among which arterial hypertension plays an important role. There are a number of studies proving the link between arterial hypertension in middle age and dementia in the elderly. It is hoped that the normalization of blood pressure among middle-aged people will reduce the incidence of cognitive dysfunction. It is also known that maintaining blood pressure at acceptable levels in elderly and old people can improve brain function and reduce the prevalence of dementia, but it is not entirely clear which blood pressure numbers are optimal.

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism in immune function: The role of sex steroid hormones

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Anna Mihailova ◽  
Indrikis Krams
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity

There is evidence of the relation of sex steroid hormones and sexual dimorphism in immune system response to infectious diseases. The aim of this review was to identify the role of sex hormones in immune function and sexual dimorphism of immune reactions. Gonadal hormones together with the immune system play an important role in process of immune responses to the disease [1]. Estrogens, progesterone and testosterone have different impacts on immune cells and different gonadal hormones are of high importance for responses of innate and adaptive immunity [1, 2]. Estrogens mainly enhance immune function while testosterone has a suppressive role. Higher progesterone during pregnancy leads to autoimmune disease remission and an elevated susceptibility toward certain infectious diseases [2, 3, 4]. The intensity and prevalence of viral infections are typically higher in males, whereas disease outcome could be worse for females [5]. Sexual dimorphism of immune function is based on different concentrations of sex hormones in males and females and on a specific mediating role of these hormones in immune function and response along with differences in innate and adaptive immunity.

scholarly journals Breaking down chronic inflammatory diseases: the role of biglycan in promoting a switch between inflammation and autophagy

FEBS Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (15) ◽  
pp. 2965-2979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Roedig ◽  
Madalina Viviana Nastase ◽  
Malgorzata Wygrecka ◽  
Liliana Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
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