TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF BIO PREPARATION OILDESTRUCTOR «LENOIL»® – NORD, SHP

2017 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
T. Yu. Korshunova ◽  
O. N. Loginov
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Repeated Applications

Based on experimental results, toxicological assessment of the biological product oil-destructor «Lenoil»® – NORD, SHP is reported.. The biological product is intended for cleaning of oil-polluted soils and water objects at low positive temperatures. It was found out that the median lethal dose (LD50) at intragastric intake amounts to more than 5000 mg/kg, therefore the biological product refers to hazard class 4 (low hazardous substances). The biological product does not cause signs of irritation of respiratory tracts, but is able to induce slight irritation of eye mucous membranes and skin ( repeated applications).The biological product has no sensitizing action when reproducing a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. The biological product oil-destructor “Lenoil»® – NORD, SHP can be used for its intended purpose, i.e. to accelerate the destruction of oil and petroleum products during the remediation of oil-contaminated sites. At work the personnel must be provided with special clothing and personal protective equipment and observe hygiene and sanitary norms.

Toxicological assessment of Capparis spinosa L. seed’s oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Susanna Babken Poghosyan ◽  
Natalya Stepan Tadevosyan ◽  
Susanna Arshavir Muradyan ◽  
Siranush Hovhannes Ter-Zakaryan ◽  
Ashot Norayr Jzhandzhapanyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Capparis Spinosa

Introduction. Herbal medicines are unique therapeutic agents that represent multicomponent complexes of biologically active substances. They have low toxicity, a wide spectrum of therapeutic action with a minimum of side effects and a relatively low cost. Capparis spinosa L. has been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases and health conditions. Material and methods. An assessment of the toxicometric parameters of Capparis spinosa L. seed’s oil was done by a single oral and dermal exposure, the average lethal doses have been calculated for both routes, sensitivity by sex has been studied. The local irritant, skin resorptive, effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes of experimental animals was investigated. Sensitizing activity was studied according to the complex sensitization scheme. Processing of the results was carried out by the method of variation statistics. Standard errors and other indicators were calculated using the Litchfield-Wilcoxon probabilistic analysis method modified by Prozorovsky. The difference in mean values was estimated using Student’s t-test. Results. The acute toxicity of the oil was not expressed, death of animals was not observed. Average lethal dose for a single oral exposure was above 7000 mg/kg and dermal more than 3000 mg/kg. Sensitivity by sex in an acute experiment has not been established. The oil had a mild irritating effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes. It did not show skin-irritating, resorptive-toxic and sensitizing effects. Conclusion. Capparis spinosa L seed’s oil belongs to the 4th hazard class (low hazard) according to the hygienic classification and safety requirements of substances.

scholarly journals Toxicity Studies of Chanoclavine in Mice

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Finch ◽  
John S. Munday ◽  
Jan M. Sprosen ◽  
Sweta Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Mammalian Toxicity ◽  
Epichloë Endophytes

Epichloë endophytes have been used successfully in pastoral grasses providing protection against insect pests through the expression of secondary metabolites. This approach could be extended to other plant species, such as cereals, reducing reliance on pesticides. To be successful, the selected endophyte must express secondary metabolites that are active against cereal insect pests without any secondary metabolite, which is harmful to animals. Chanoclavine is of interest as it is commonly expressed by endophytes and has potential insecticidal activity. Investigation of possible mammalian toxicity is therefore required. An acute oral toxicity study showed the median lethal dose of chanoclavine to be >2000 mg/kg. This allows it to be classified as category 5 using the globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals, and category 6.1E using the New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) hazard classes, the lowest hazard class under both systems of classification. A three-week feeding study was also performed, which showed chanoclavine, at a dose rate of 123.9 mg/kg/day, initially reduced food consumption but was resolved by day seven. No toxicologically significant effects on gross pathology, histology, hematology, or blood chemistry were observed. These experiments showed chanoclavine to be of low toxicity and raised no food safety concerns.

scholarly journals TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPOSURE TO SOME ARYLHETEROALKANECARBOXYLIC COMPOUNDS ON THE BODY

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 734-737
Author(s):  
Larisa G. Gorokhova ◽  
A. G. Zhukova ◽  
N. V. Kizichenko ◽  
A. S. Kazitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Inhalation Toxicity ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Specific Species

Introduction. One of the current medical and social problems is the intoxication of the body of workers that occurs during the production of medicines in chemical-pharmaceutical enterprises. In this regard, it is necessary to substantiate and develop a hygienic rationing of the content of harmful substances in the air of the working area. Materials and methods. Toxicity parameters (1-benzylindol-3-yl-thio) acetic acid (BTAA) and tris-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium-1-benzylindol-3-ylthioacetate (VM-7-02) were studied. Experimental studies were conducted on outbred rats and mice, rabbits and guinea pigs. Using standard physiological, biochemical, hematological and morphological parameters, the effect of the substance on the experimental animals was evaluated. The parameters of acute inhalation toxicity of substances were determined during the experiment in the chamber for inhalation primers using spectrophotometry to analyze the amount of the substance in the air of the chambers. Processing and interpretation of the information obtained was performed using the software package “Statistic 10.0”. Results. In terms of mean lethal doses (DL50), both xenobiotics can be classified as moderately hazardous substances of hazard class III, and there are no specific species and sex differences in the sensitivity of animals to the substances under study. Local skin reaction and signs of resorption of substances through intact skin are absent. The irritant effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes of tris-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium-1-benzylindol-3-ylthioacetate can be classified as weak. The ability to material accumulation in the body of the compound VM-7-02 is medium: the cumulation coefficient is 3.7. At BTAA cumulative abilities are even weaker - the coefficient is equal to 5.1. In the subacute experiment, they have a toxic effect mainly on the hepatorenal system. The threshold of acute inhalation action of BTAA is 100.7, VM-7-02-57.8 mg/m3. Conclusion. A tentative safe level of exposure to VM-7-02 in the air of the working area is recommended at 0.3 mg/m3, BTAA is recommended at 2.0 mg/m3. Compliance with this standard will minimize the risk to the health of workers.

Acute toxicity of an insecticidal little containing ivermectin and fipronil for white mice

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Levchenko ◽  
◽  
Natalia A. Sennikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Veterinary Entomology ◽  
Russian Research

Toxicological assessment is a mandatory research step in the development of new insecticidal drugs. At the All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology, a prototype of the insecticidal bait Mukhnet IF was obtained with an active ingredient content of 0.06% ivermectin and 0.015% fipronil, which showed a highly effective effect against houseflies. This work presents the results of the study of acute oral toxicity of the above agent. For this, male white mice with a live weight of 16-26 g were selected. They were kept on a starvation diet for one day in individual houses with water. The drug was given in mg/kg body weight the next day. A total of 33 doses have been tested, ranging from 100 mg/kg to 40,000 mg/kg. The animals were observed for 14 days. According to the research results, it was revealed that at doses up to 20,000 mg/kg there were no signs of intoxication, but when tested at 25,000 mg/kg in some mice, these signs were noted, and at 30,000, 35,000 and 40,000 mg/kg deaths were recorded 20±10, 45±30 and 60±20%, respectively. It was not possible to test the drug over the last above dose due to incomplete eaten by mice. According to the degree of danger for warm-blooded animals, the drug belongs to the 4th class of low-hazard drugs (average lethal dose of 5000 mg/kg or more) in accordance with the classification of GOST 12.1.007-76. When analyzing the literature data on the toxicological characteristics of preparations containing ivermectin and chlorfenapyr, it was revealed that the insecticidal agent in its acute toxicity for warm-blooded animals is comparable to known analogues.

THERMAL NEUTRALIZATION OF CARBON-CONTAINING SLUDGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
D. YU. UMANSKY ◽  
◽  
M. V. VASINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Resinous Substance ◽  
Oil Fractions ◽  
Petroleum Distillates

Acid tar is a resinous substance, which in most cases has a viscous structure. They are obtained as a result of sulfuric acid purification of petroleum distillates, oil residues, in the production of sulfonate additives, in the sulfonation and purification of oils, paraffins, kerosene and gas oil fractions and other petroleum products from aromatic hydrocarbons. Until recently, this type of waste was temporarily accumulated in specially designated areas - acid tar storage ponds, which were located near the oil refinery, which had a significant impact on the environment. The paper considers the process of formation of acid tar on the example of the production of sulfonate additives. The composition of the mixture of acid tar and sulfonate sludge was evaluated, and the hazard class of this type of waste was determined. Methods of utilization of acid tar are studied and a method of utilization of acid tar for the considered production is proposed.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity of nanosized beet pectin

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
N Yu Alimzhanov ◽  
I Sh Chakeev ◽  
Sh Zh Zhorobekova ◽  
I O Kudaybergenova ◽  
B N Lepshin
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Pectin Substance ◽  
Hazard Class

Aim. To determine the acute toxicity and hazard class of nanosized low-esterified beet pectin.Methods. To study the acute toxicity of substances, Kerber’s method was used. Probit analysis for different values of lethal dose calculated by least squares method, as well as morphologic studies, statistical analysis (non-parametric methods - Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test) were used. Pectin toxicity was studies on 40 mature Wistar rats of both gender and body weight of 160-230 g.Results. Enteral administration of 12 000 mg/kg of pectin did not affect the general condition and did not lead to lethal outcome. The following values of lethal doses were calculated using probit analysis: LD16=34 990.6542056074≈35 g/kg, LD50=74 242.9906542057≈74 g/kg, LD84=113 495.327102804≈113 g/kg, LD100=133 121.495327103≈133 g/kg. Histological study of rat organ tissues that received 12 000 mg/kg of pectin showed no structural changes in tissues of examined organs. Study drug - nanosized low molecular weight pectin, might be referred to hazard class IV (low hazard substances) according to GOST 12.1.007-76. and classification K.K. Sidorov Pectin substance may be considered as practically nontoxic drug (LD50 >10,000 mg/kg), which corresponds to Class V compounds according to Hodge and Sterner classification and classification by K.K. Sidorov.Conclusion. The results indicate complete safety of nanosized forms of pectin, which opens up prospects for further studies of the biological properties of this substance.

scholarly journals TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INDOMETHACIN AS A RISK FACTOR FOR WORKERS’ HEALTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-508
Author(s):  
N. A. Martynova ◽  
Larisa G. Gorokhova ◽  
V. A. Shtaiger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Ulcerogenic Effect

Introduction. The toxicity of indomethacin was studied for its hygienic regulation. Material and methods. The toxic properties of indomethacin in the experiments on out-bred and linear mice, rats, Guinea pigs and rabbits contained in standard vivarium conditions and quarantined have been studied. In the experiments, various modes (single, repeated, chronic) and ways of exposure (intragastric, inhalation, epicutaneous) were modeled. The average lethal dose (LD50) of Indomethacin and the threshold of a single acute action (Limac) were determined; irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes, cumulative and allergenic activity were revealed. In subacute and chronic intake to the body, the main target organs were determined on the based of the results of biochemical and hematological studies. Results. DL50 for male rats, females and male mice, when introduced into the stomach, were have been established to be 20, 15 and 25.6 mg/kg respectively. It refers to the substances of hazard class 2. DL50 in the intraperitoneal introduction for the rats accounted for 13.8 mg/kg, for Guinea pigs - 500 mg/kg. The clinical picture of acute poisoning in mice and rats was characterized by low mobility, decreasing breathing, ataxia, muscle relaxation, anorexia, diarrhea, ulceration with the perforation of the intestines, and the death on the 2-4th days after the poisoning. In the experiments on Guinea pigs, the ulcerogenic effect was not detected. Local irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes was not revealed. It has a marked skin-resorptive action causing ulcerogenic effect and the death of the animals after 6 applications. The introduction of verospiron to the rats in a dose of 25 mg/kg simultaneously with the application of indomethacin ointment on the skin prevented the ulcer development in the gastrointestinal tract and the death of the animals. No sensitizing effect was detected. It has an average cumulative ability: the cumulation coefficient amounted to 2.6. In a subacute experiment, there was a decrease in the body temperature and summation-threshold index, an increase in the vertical motor activity and a threshold of pain sensitivity. During the study of blood serum an increase in AcAt activity, a rise of chlorides in the blood serum and their decrease in the urine, and an increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in peripheral blood were revealed. In the pathomorphological study, there was an increase in the coefficients of liver mass and ulceration of the stomach and intestines. The threshold of acute inhalation action accounted for 0.52 mg/m3 (by the reduction of the summation-threshold index and the content of sodium and chlorides in the urine). Conclusion. The maximum permissible concentration of indomethacin in the air of the working area was of 0.05 mg/m3 with the mark “special protection of the skin and eyes”, hazard class 1, aerosol.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICALS TO THE CUMULATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF THEIR MOLECULES

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 970-974
Author(s):  
Nina V. Kharchevnikova ◽  
Z. I. Zholdakova ◽  
V. I. Zhurko ◽  
D. Yu. Fedortsova ◽  
V. G. Blinova
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Jsm Method ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Structural Class ◽  
Chemical Hazard ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
The Relationship

The relationships between the capacity of chemicals to cumulate a toxic effect (functional cumulation) and the structure of their molecules were investigated. In the process of substantiation of safe levels (MAC) of substances in water this capacity is characterized by the cumulation hazard class (later in the text - hazard class). This class is stated to be depend on the value of the relationship between the mean lethal dose of the acute experiment and the threshold dose of the chronic experiment. The experimental study of a huge amount of new chemicals in the chronic experiments is a very difficult task, thus the study of the possibility to predict the hazard class of a chemical is of great scientific and practical interest. By using a logical combinatorial method JSM, named in honor of an English logic J.S. Mill, the structural groups in molecules, determining the appurtenance of these chemicals to a hazard class were identified and the possibility of the prediction of the hazard class of a chemical belonging to a definite structural array, containing such structural group were investigated. The training dataset (583 compounds) was automatically derived from the database WATERTOX, containing the data on acute and chronic toxicity for about 2000 substances. The results suggest the JSM method to be limitedly applicable for the determination of a hazard class of an untested chemical using this heterogeneous training dataset because we were unable to unambiguously derive the list of chemicals belonging to the class of moderately hazard substances. The chemical in some cases was predicted to belong to one or other of the neighboring classes. However taking in mind this uncertainty, the accuracy of the method evaluated, when using the “leave-one-out” method was 78%. Nevertheless the JSM method enables us to find structural subgroups “responsible” for the functional cumulation. The relation of the hazard class of a chemical belonging to a definite structural class with its structure and the possibility of the prediction of an untested chemical hazard class are demonstrated. The prognosis of the hazard classes for chemicals belonging to several structural sets including the anthraquinone derivatives, phthalimides, perfluorated aliphatic compounds, chlorosubstituted phenols, phenylureas is performed.

scholarly journals Pharmaco-toxicological Assessment of Antiparasitic Drug for Dogs and Cats "Gelmintal Mini Syrup"

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
G. B. Arisova ◽  
M. V. Arisov ◽  
I. A. Stepanova ◽  
V. V. Khristenko
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
White Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Antiparasitic Drug ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Macroscopic Examination

The purpose of the research is conducting pharmaco-toxicological assessment of Gelmintal Mini Syrup based on a combination of moxidectin and toltrazuril. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 64 white male rats and 40 white mice. Each animal species was divided into 4 equivalent groups of 6–10 animals each. When studying acute toxicity, the drug was administered in the form of a syrup (without dilution) to animals once at doses of 11 400, 22 800 and 28 500 mg/kg; when studying subchronic toxicity, the drug was administered daily for 14 days at doses of 570, 1425 and 2850 mg/kg (1/10 and 1/20 and 1/50 of the maximum possible dose administered into the stomach according to the vivisection results). When studying acute toxicity, the animals were followed up for 14 days; we recorded the general condition and behavior of the animals, changes in their body weight, the manifestation of toxic symptoms or possible death. When studying subchronic toxicity, the animals were followed up during the entire period of the drug use (14 days); on the 15th and 24th days of the experiment, we performed euthanasia, collected the blood to determine hematological and biochemical values, and carried out macroscopic examination of the organs. Results and discussion. We did not record the animals’ death at doses of 11 400, 22 800 and 28 500 mg/kg; and no signs of intoxication were noted for the entire follow-up period. LD50 of Gelmintal Mini Syrup exceeds the dose of 28500 mg/kg, i.e. the drug is classified as the 4th hazard class. The results of the studied subchronic toxicity showed that the drug was inactive at doses of 570 mg/kg, 1425 and 2850 mg/kg when administered orally for 14 days.

scholarly journals DRYING OF THE NEW WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMER COMPLEX OF ALBENDAZOL WITH PECTIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 319-325
Author(s):  
Askar Sheralievich Abdurazakov
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Solution Flow Rate ◽  
Polymer Complex ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer

The drying process of the aqueous solution of the complex of Albendazole with pectin (Alpec) in a vacuum oven and by spray drying was studied. It was found that the drying in a nozzle-type spray dryer is preferable in yield and subsequent solubility of the final product. As a result of the studying of the parameters affecting to the drying process, the optimal mode of the dryer was established, which provides the high yield of the dry product: the temperature of the coolant at the inlet is 130–140 °С, the output is 60–70 °С, the solution flow rate is 2.5 l/h·min. The yield of the dry product is 85%. The comparative IR spectra of Alpec powder after spray drying, after drying in air, the starting Albendazole and pectin unambiguously indicate that the structure of the complex of Albendazole with pectin (Alpec) is identical after different types of drying. The biological activity of Alpec dry substance after spray drying compared with Albendazole was studied. The increased biological activity of Alpec compared with Albendazole was established, which can, probably, be explained by the good water solubility of Alpec in contrast to Albendazole and, as a consequence, the increase of bioavailability of the drug. It was found that the average lethal dose of Alpec (LD50) is 680 (601.8–768.4) mg·kg-1 (LD50 Albendazole - 400.2–450.4 mg·kg-1), i.e. the drug "Alpec" in terms of acute toxicity during intragastric use is classified as moderately hazardous substances. On the base of the results obtained, the technology of the obtaining of the anthelmintic drug alpec substance in the form of a water-soluble dry powder has been developed.

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