scholarly journals Acute toxicity of nanosized beet pectin

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
N Yu Alimzhanov ◽  
I Sh Chakeev ◽  
Sh Zh Zhorobekova ◽  
I O Kudaybergenova ◽  
B N Lepshin
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Pectin Substance ◽  
Hazard Class

Aim. To determine the acute toxicity and hazard class of nanosized low-esterified beet pectin.Methods. To study the acute toxicity of substances, Kerber’s method was used. Probit analysis for different values of lethal dose calculated by least squares method, as well as morphologic studies, statistical analysis (non-parametric methods - Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test) were used. Pectin toxicity was studies on 40 mature Wistar rats of both gender and body weight of 160-230 g.Results. Enteral administration of 12 000 mg/kg of pectin did not affect the general condition and did not lead to lethal outcome. The following values of lethal doses were calculated using probit analysis: LD16=34 990.6542056074≈35 g/kg, LD50=74 242.9906542057≈74 g/kg, LD84=113 495.327102804≈113 g/kg, LD100=133 121.495327103≈133 g/kg. Histological study of rat organ tissues that received 12 000 mg/kg of pectin showed no structural changes in tissues of examined organs. Study drug - nanosized low molecular weight pectin, might be referred to hazard class IV (low hazard substances) according to GOST 12.1.007-76. and classification K.K. Sidorov Pectin substance may be considered as practically nontoxic drug (LD50 >10,000 mg/kg), which corresponds to Class V compounds according to Hodge and Sterner classification and classification by K.K. Sidorov.Conclusion. The results indicate complete safety of nanosized forms of pectin, which opens up prospects for further studies of the biological properties of this substance.

scholarly journals Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sapu Jagad (Isotoma longiflora (L) Presl.) pada Mencit Galur Mus muculus

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Ira Safitri ◽  
Inayah Inayah
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Per Oral

Sapu Jagad (Isotoma longiflora (L) Presl.) plant has been empirically used as traditional medicine. Some studies showthat this plant has pharmacological effects as antibiotic, anticancer, and analgetic. It is of importance to conduct studyin finding out the safetiness of this plant as herbal medicine. Therefore, we conducted study to find out lethal dose ofits leaves on mice (Mus muculus) using acute toxicity test. Several doses have been given to certain groups to find outits effect including death. The extract has been given one time per oral. Then, we recorded the clinical signs and deathof mice until 14 days. The data was analyzed using probit analysis to measure LD50. This study shows that ethanolextract of Sapu Jagad leaves has LD50 12.610 mg/kgBW and toxicity of central nervous system proven by seizureending with death. As conclusion, this extract has toxicity especially to central nervous system.

Acute Oral Safety Study of Sodium Caseinate Glycosylated via Maillard Reaction with Galactose in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-479
Author(s):  
ARTURO ANADÓN ◽  
MARIA A. MARTÍNEZ ◽  
IRMA ARES ◽  
VICTOR CASTELLANO ◽  
MARIA R. MARTÍNEZ-LARRAÑAGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Sodium Caseinate ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Safety Study ◽  
Male And Female Rats

In order to potentially use sodium caseinate (SC) glycated with galactose (Gal) in the food industry as a new functional ingredient with proved technological and biological properties, an evaluation of oral acute toxicity has been carried out. An acute safety study with SC-Gal glycoconjugates in the Wistar rat with a single oral gavage dose of 2,000 mg/kg of body weight was conducted. The SC-Gal glycoconjugates were well tolerated; no adverse effects or mortality was observed during the 2-week observation period. No abnormal signs, behavioral changes, body weight changes, or alterations in food and water consumption occurred. After this period, no changes in hematological and serum chemistry parameters, organ weights, or gross pathology or histopathology were detected. It was concluded that SC-Gal glycoconjugates obtained via the Maillard reaction were well tolerated in rats at an acute oral dose of 2,000 mg/kg of body weight. The SC-Gal glycoconjugates have a low order of acute toxicity, and the oral 50% lethal dose for male and female rats is in excess of 2,000 mg/kg of body weight.

scholarly journals The determination of acute toxicity parameters of “Imkar-120”

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (93) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
A. A. Fotina ◽  
V. A. Levytska
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
The Body ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases

Vector-Borne Diseases are a variety of infectious and invasive diseases of animals and humans, the agents of which extend from one to another susceptible subject with the participation of hemopoiesis (ticks, insects, etc.). For the purpose of treatment of blood parasitic transmissive diseases, domestic and foreign researchers tested a significant number of drugs of different chemical composition. In connection with the insufficient on the domestic market of drugs on the basis of imidokarb dipropionate for the treatment of blood-parasitic diseases in animals, the Scientific-Production-Technical Enterprise “Brovapharma” established and conducted the state registration of the drug “Imcar-120”, which blocks the synthesis of polyamine; it also has significantly less toxicity than dimeters of aceturates. It provides a broad spectrum of antiprotozoal effects on pathogens of pyroplasmiosis of the genus Babesia (Babesia bovis, B. ovis, B. bigemina, B. colchica, B. equi, B. divergens, B. canis, B. caballi, B. gibsonii i Francaiella colchica); Teilerian species (Theileria annulata, T. sergenti, T. mutans, T. orientalis, T. ovis, T. recondita, T. tarandirangiferis); Nuttallia equi and the genus of Anaplasma (Anaplasma marginale, A. ovis, Ehrlichia canis) with their mono- or mixed infestation. Pre-clinical research “Determination of toxicological properties of the drug Imcar-120” was carried out on the basis of vivarium of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Sumy NAU. Study of parameters of acute toxicity of the study drug was performed on 50 clinically healthy white mice in males and females. Before the experiment, the individual weight of the body of animals selected for the experiment was 18–22 g, the age was 8–9 weeks. In the first stage, preliminary experimental studies were conducted to determine the variation of dose limits before the main stage of the studies. At the same time the drug was administered intragastrically in doses: 2500, 3500, 4500, 5500, 6500, 7500 mg/kg. Each dose was given to three animals. After the introduction of the drug for monitoring animals, the experiment was carried out 14 days, the first day – every hour. For the expanded stage of the experiment, four experimental groups (n = 8) of animal analogues were formed, in which the study drug was injected under the same conditions as in the previous stage of the experiment at a rate of 3800, 4300, 4800 and 5300 mg/kg of body weight.  In the course of studies to determine the parameters of acute toxicity of the drug Imkar-120 it was determined half-lettable dose of the drug. According to R. Kerber's method, DL50 was 4456.25 mg/kg, therefore according to the classification of GOST 12.1.007-76 the preparation Imkar-120 should be classified as hazard class III by injection into the stomach – substances are moderately dangerous.

Toxicological characteristics of a medicinal product for veterinary «Ketoprofen 10%» in laboratory animals (acute toxicity)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
A. N. Shkatova ◽  
◽  
D. A. Devrishov ◽  
O. B. Litvinov ◽  
V. E. Brylina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Species Sensitivity ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection ◽  
Ld50 Value

In the course of the studies, the toxicological properties of the medicinal product for veterinary «Ketoprofen 10%» in laboratory animals were studied. With a single intragastric administration of the drug to rats, the LD50 value calculated by the Kerberian method was 333,3 mg/kg. At the same time, the LD50 value by the Miller and Tainter method was 358,1±159,8 (198,3 ÷ 518,0) mg/kg. After a single intravenous injection of the study drug to rats, the LD50 value calculated by the Kerberian method was 351,1 mg/kg. The LD50 calculated by probit analysis according to Miller and Tainter was 349,7±167,5 (182,3 ÷ 517,2) mg/kg. Taking into account the obtained LD50 value in rats with intragastric administration and according to the generally accepted hygienic classification, the drug belongs to the 3rd hazard class – moderately hazardous substances (GOST 12.1.007-76). Intragastric administration of the drug to mice made it possible to obtain an LD50 value of 6249,4 mg/kg (according to Kerber). The LD50 calculated by probit analysis according to Miller and Tainter was 7725,0±2646,5 (5078,5 ÷ 10) mg/kg. Taking into account the data obtained on mice and according to the generally accepted hygienic classification, the drug belongs to the 4th hazard class – low-hazard substances (GOST 12.1.007-76). The coefficient of species sensitivity was more than 17, which indicates a pronounced species resistance to ketoprofen in mice compared to rats.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity of Hydrogel Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Hydrochloride

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
S. N. Lebedeva ◽  
O. S. Ochirov ◽  
M. N. Grigoryeva ◽  
S. D. Zhamsaranova ◽  
S. A. Stelmakh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine ◽  
Medicinal Substances

Background. Previously, we have shown that the polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride hydrogel exhibits a pronounced wound healing. At the same time, no studies of the toxic effect of the hydrogel on animals have been conducted. Aim of the research. In the framework of this work, the acute toxicity of the hydrogel polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride was studied in laboratory animals with intragastric administration. Materials and methods. The polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride hydrogel was obtained by crosslinking the amino end groups with formaldehyde. An acute toxicity study was carried out (P 1.2.3156-13, GOST 32644-2014 and the Guidelines for conducting preclinical studies of drugs) in an experiment on outbred mice with a single addition of the test substance in different doses (1000, 3000, 5000, 8000 mg/kg) with fixing indicators (appearance, behavior, condition of the body hair coat, water and food consumption, excretion, body weight and its growth) during 14 days. After the animals were withdrawn from the experiment, autopsy, macroscopic evaluation and weighing of the internal organs were performed. The results showed that with the introduction of the test substance into the animal organism, death during the observation period (14 days) did not occur. It was not possible to determine the semi-lethal dose for the test compound. Conclusion. The conducted studies allow us to conclude that this substance is practically non-toxic and can be classified as hazard class V. Further research will be directed to the formation of hydrogel compositions with medicinal substances.

Acute toxicity and anthelmintic efficacy of khimedol

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
K.R. Toimbetova ◽  
M.A. Arzybaev ◽  
A.B. Shakirov ◽  
A.M. Malabaeva ◽  
N. Shyityeva
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Body Weight Control

The purpose of the research: to study acute toxicity and anthelmintic efficacy of khimedol, a new anthelmintic preparation. Materials and methods. Khimedol, anthelmintic preparation which was received by means of streamlined synthesis in the Institute Chemistry and Chemical Technology of National Academy of Science of Kyrgyz Republic was the object of the research (KG patent No. 1954, 2017). Experiments on identification of acute toxicity of khimedol were carried on 36 clinically healthy white mice of both genders with body weight about 18-22 g by means of oral supplementation of medication in the form of 10 % hydrous solution in dose of 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 2,500 and 3,000 mg/kg of body weight. Statistical manipulation of digital materials was carried by the probit analysis method. Testing of anthelmintic efficacy of the medication was performed by control-test method on 40 lambs, which were infested by moniezia spontaneously. Khimedol was individually given to the lambs by mouth (per os) in a form of hydrous solution as a single dose of 10, 20, 30 mg/kg of body weight. Control animals were not undergone deworming. Flotation method was used for coprological surveys. Results and discussion. Maximum tolerated dose of khimedol (LD 0) for the white mice was 1,000 mg/kg, LD 16 - 1420 mg/kg, median lethal dose (LD 50) - 2,110 (1,563÷2,845.5) mg/kg, LD 84 - 2,970 mg/kg, and absolutely lethal dose (LD 100) - 3,000 mg/kg. Therefore, khimedol is a medication with low toxic potential to animals. During the experiments on testing the anthelmintic effectiveness of khimedol on sheep with monieziasis it has been established that the preparation exhibits its anthelmintic efficacy in a dose of 10 mg/kg: among 10 lambs 8 were treated from worms, and the number of eggs in 1 g of feces was decreased by 83.43%. Administration of khimedol in a dose of 20 and 30 mg/kg leads to full recovery of an animal from monieziasis (100%).

ACUTE TOXICITY OF OCTENIDINE HEXAFLUOROSILICATE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. O. Shyshkin ◽  
V. Yu. Anisimov ◽  
A. V. Nikitin ◽  
V. O. Gelmboldt
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Lethal Doses

The aim of the work. Determination of toxicometric characteristics of octenidine hexafluorosilicate (OHFS), characterized by significant pharmaceutical potential, in an acute experiment on rats by oral administration. Materials and Methods. A study of the acute toxicity of octenidine hexafluorosilicate was carry out on 42 male Wistar rats weighing 180–200 grams. The main criterion for quantifying the toxicity of octenidine hexafluorosilicate was LD50, which was determined using the least squares method. In addition, the following hazard indicators were calculated: 1/LD50 – median lethal dose (absolute toxicity), LD84/LD16 – the range of lethal doses (zone of acute toxic effect), 1/(LD50-S) – the total toxicity index and the S-function angle of inclination (variability of lethal doses). Statistical processing of the results was carry out using the «StatPlus 2009» software (AnalystSoft, USA, 2009). Results and Discussion. The results of the acute toxicity determination of octenidine hexafluorosilicate show that this compound, in the oral route of administration, belongs to the III class of toxicity for the human (slightly hazardous) and to the IV class of toxicity for the animals (white rats). Based on the variability of lethal doses, the studied hexafluorosilicate can be attribute to compounds that do not pose a high potential risk of the onset and development of poisoning. The calculated toxicity and hazard values of octenidine hexafluorosilicate show that it does not pose a particular danger to humans. Extrapolation to humans of acute toxicity parameters obtained in animals was determined using the coefficient of resistance to the species and is 132.15 mg/kg body weight. Conclusions. The results of determining the toxicometric characteristics of octenidine hexafluorosilicate in rats by oral administration allow to classify this compound as moderately toxic substances (LD50 = 555.05 mg / kg, toxicity class IV). The determined parameter of acute toxicity of OHFS is close to the LD50 values of other hexafluorosilicates known from the literature; relative safety and high caries-prophylactic and periodontal-protective efficacies of OHFS indicate the prospects for further studies of this compound.

Acute toxicity of an insecticidal little containing ivermectin and fipronil for white mice

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Levchenko ◽  
◽  
Natalia A. Sennikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Veterinary Entomology ◽  
Russian Research

Toxicological assessment is a mandatory research step in the development of new insecticidal drugs. At the All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology, a prototype of the insecticidal bait Mukhnet IF was obtained with an active ingredient content of 0.06% ivermectin and 0.015% fipronil, which showed a highly effective effect against houseflies. This work presents the results of the study of acute oral toxicity of the above agent. For this, male white mice with a live weight of 16-26 g were selected. They were kept on a starvation diet for one day in individual houses with water. The drug was given in mg/kg body weight the next day. A total of 33 doses have been tested, ranging from 100 mg/kg to 40,000 mg/kg. The animals were observed for 14 days. According to the research results, it was revealed that at doses up to 20,000 mg/kg there were no signs of intoxication, but when tested at 25,000 mg/kg in some mice, these signs were noted, and at 30,000, 35,000 and 40,000 mg/kg deaths were recorded 20±10, 45±30 and 60±20%, respectively. It was not possible to test the drug over the last above dose due to incomplete eaten by mice. According to the degree of danger for warm-blooded animals, the drug belongs to the 4th class of low-hazard drugs (average lethal dose of 5000 mg/kg or more) in accordance with the classification of GOST 12.1.007-76. When analyzing the literature data on the toxicological characteristics of preparations containing ivermectin and chlorfenapyr, it was revealed that the insecticidal agent in its acute toxicity for warm-blooded animals is comparable to known analogues.

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE OF “BIOSOLBI” DRUG

1970 ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
E. K. Rakhmatullin ◽  
O. D. Sklyarov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Water Ingestion ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Purebred Dogs

The article presents the results of a study of the "Bisolbi" drug toxicity (powder of light ash color, poorly soluble in water). When it is mixed with water it forms a suspension of particles that settle rapidly. Values of acute drug toxicity were determined on rats. We studied groups of six animals of the same sex, as well as similar control ones. The "Bisolbi" drug was injected to white rats intragastrically, males weighing 310 ... 320 g in doses of 2500 and 2740 mg / kg. Each dose was used in six animals; distilled water (3 ml) was used for the controls. The LD50 was calculated by the probit analysis method proposed by Litchfield and Wilcoxon modified by Z. Roth. When administered orally, an atraumatic metal probe was immersed in the stomach. Within 14 days monitored the overall health status and behavior of animals, the manifestation or absence of symptoms of intoxication; noted the features of feed and water ingestion, assessed the condition of the coat, physiological functions. Then groups of experimental rats were euthanized and pathomorphologically examined. We studied the effect of "Bisolbi" with repeated introduction and on not purebred dogs. Two groups of 3-4 years of age were completed with an average initial body weight of 13.63 ... 15.11 kg. Before use, the additive was thoroughly mixed with feed. The drug was injected during 31 days at a dose of 0.5 g / kg. Dogs of the control group (three) were fed wheat flour. After 15 and 31 days in laboratory animals in order to characterize the general condition in the blood, the amount of protein, urea, glucose, creatinine, cholesterol were determined. Based on studies it was found that the drug daily application by animals, is low toxic and safe, does not provoke the development of pathological reactions. According to the Hodge and Sterner classification "Bisolbi" can be attributed to the 6th class of toxicity - relatively harmless. Accordingto GOST 12.1.007-76 LD50 of the drug is more than 151 mg / kg, but less than 5000 mg / kg it is the 3rd hazard class (moderately hazardous).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dimer of Epicatechin from an Endophytic Fungus Curvularia australiensis FC2AP on Acute Toxicity Levels, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cervical Cancer Activity in Animal Models

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Vellingiri Manon Mani ◽  
Arockiam Jeyasundar Parimala Gnana Soundari ◽  
Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian ◽  
Sungkwon Park ◽  
Utthapon Issara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cervical cancer, as the most frequent cancer in women globally and accounts almost 14% in India. It can be prevented or treated with vaccines, radiation, chemotherapy, and brachytherapy. The chemotherapeutic agents cause adverse post effects by the destruction of the neighboring normal cells or altering the properties of the cells. In order to reduce the severity of the side effects caused by the chemically synthesized therapeutic agents, the current research developed an anti-cancer agent dimer of epicatechin (DoE), a natural bioactive secondary metabolite (BSM) mediated from an endophytic fungus Curvularia australiensis FC2AP. The investigation has initiated with the evaluation of inhibiting the angiogenesis which is a main activity in metastasis, and it was assessed through Hen’s Egg Test on Chorio Allantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) test; the BSM inhibited the growth of blood vessels in the developing chick embryo. Further the DoE was evaluated for its acute toxicity levels in albino mice, whereas the survival dose was found to be 1250 mg/kg and the lethal dose was 1500 mg/kg body weight of albino mice; hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses were assessed. The anti-inflammatory responses of the DoE were evaluated in carrageenan induced Wistar rats and the reduction of inflammation occurred in a dose-dependent manner. By fixing the effective dose for anti-inflammation analysis, the DoE was taken for the anti-cervical cancer analysis in benzo (a) pyrene induced female Sprague-Dawley rats for 60 days trial. After the stipulated days, the rats were taken for hematological antioxidants, lipid peroxidation (LPO), member bound enzymes, cervical histopathological and carcinogenic markers analyses. The results specified that the DoE has the capability of reducing the tumor in an efficient way. This is the first report of flavonoid-DoE production from an endophytic fungus C. australiensis has the anticancer potentiality and it can be stated as anti-cancer drug.

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