scholarly journals Development of the Civilizational Perspective in Sociological Analysis in the Last Decades

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-153
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
New Development ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Realities

The article is devoted to the rethinking and rediscovery of “civilization” and “civilizations” as a theoretical perspective in contemporary sociology. In a broader historical context, the trajectories and interactions of social sciences with the civilizational concept are traced, within which the self-determination of sociology has taken place, as well as the construction and transformation of its research programs. The new development of the civilizational dimensions in sociological analysis, which began after the 1970s, stands out, based on the classical sources of the French and German schools of thought, and further developed as an alternative to the one-sided “cultural” and “social” reductionism and determinism in sociology. The article draws attention to the important contributions and the original theoretical concepts of S.H. Eisenstadt and J.P. Arnason, which have wide international recognition, but are relatively little known in Bulgaria. Overcoming the dominance of culture as a civilization-forming factor allows these authors to develop broader theoretical and interpretive models. They are centered on the relationship between culture and other fields of social life, including the structures of political and economic power, and are considered in the specific temporal and spatial context of the accompanying intercivilizational encounters. The place and importance of the problems of civilizations in different analytical perspectives and theoretical directions are outlined, as well as the opportunities it offers for the study of contemporary processes and political realities.

Chinese "Cancer Villages"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajiang Chen ◽  
Pengli Cheng ◽  
Yajuan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Relationship

The phenomenon of "cancer villages" has emerged in many parts of rural China, drawing media attention and becoming a fact of social life. However, the relationship between pollution and disease is often hard to discern. Through sociological analysis of several villages with different social and economic structures, the authors offer a comprehensive, historically grounded analysis of the coexistence between the incidence of cancer, environmental pollution and villagers’ lifestyles, as well as the perceptions, claims and responses of different actors. They situate the appearance of "cancer villages" in the context of social, economic and cultural change in China, tracing the evolution of the issue over two decades, and providing deep insights into the complex interactions and trade-offs between economic growth, environmental change and public health.

scholarly journals RELIGION IN THOUGHT MURTADHA MUTHAHHARI

Tsaqofah ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Didin Komarudin Komarudin
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Religion And Science ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religious Actors

This writing is based on the background that religious formalism is increasingly becoming a fundamental problem. This is marked by the patterns and behavior of people who claim to be religious but there is no concrete implementation in their daily lives. This research was conducted to determine the concept of religion as a fitrah for humans as well as how religious beliefs are to the level of the relationship between religion and science according to Murtadha Motahhari. This research is a qualitative study that uses a sociological analysis approach, while the data in this study come from content analysis collected from various sources. , the level of religious belief, until people know God, the criticisms of Murtadha muthahhari which are an integral part of the life of the above figures to practice true religious values. Religion as human nature gives birth to the belief that religion is the only way to fulfill all needs, so that religion is not only a label or social formality but is able to become a guide in life and life. All religions teach goodness and peace, and no religion teaches violence. But sometimes there is violence in the name of religion because of a lack of understanding or a distortion of the source of religion itself. So that religion is sometimes used, and it seems that religion and religious practice are the opposite. So what is blamed on the concept of religion itself is actually the one who is wrong for religious actors.

scholarly journals AKOMODASI PESANTREN PADA KESENIAN RAKYAT DI CANGKRINGAN, SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-296
Author(s):  
Kholid Mawardi
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Folk Art ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diverse Society ◽  
Art Community ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the construction of thoughts by KH. Ahmad Masrur and al-Qodir Islamic Boarding School to accomodate folk art; to reveal the relationship among KH. Ahmad Masrur, al-Qodir Islamic Boarding School, and folk art communities in Wukirsari village; and to find out the approaches of accommodation implemented in the folk art Village. The findings of this study led to some conclusions. First, on the one hand, Mr. Masrur (an Islamic expert) wanted to send the goodness and the beauty of Islam not only to be achieved by Moslems but also by other religious community. On the other hand, the folk art community wanted to maintain their existence in the diverse society. Therefore, those two intentions are linked to each other in order to accomplish those goals. Second, the relationship among Mr. Masrur, al-Qodir Islamic Boarding School, and Wukirsari village folk art community; in terms of historical context, it was the repetition of the relationship pattern in the past time that occured during the Islamisation process in Java. It was carried out by placing the locality as the basis of Islam. Mr. Masrur, al-Qodir Islamic Boarding School put themselves as the exponents of folk art; Mr. Masrur had the role as the patron and the community folk art had the role as the clients, and the overall relationship was accomplished based on mutually beneficial relationship. Third, the forms of accommodation  roposed by Mr. Masrur towards folk art in Wukirsari village were through compromise and tolerance. The form of the compromise was visible through the willingness of both parties to feel and understand the circumstances of one to each other party. As for the form of tolerance, it was implemented by Mr. Masrur and al-Qodir Islamic Boarding School deliberately to avoid various disputes and conflicts.

scholarly journals Moving Toward Neo-Totalitarianism: A Political-Sociological Analysis of the Evolution of Administrative Absorption of Society in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Kang
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
State Capitalism ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Phases

AbstractChina recently promulgated and revised a number of laws, regulations and measures to regulate the nonprofit sector. All these administrative efforts increase support for Chinese nonprofit organizations (NPOs) on the one hand and put unprecedented pressure on them on the other. The seemingly contradictory effects are actually based on the same logic of Administrative Absorption of Society (AAS). This article proposes three phases in the development of AAS: an subconscious phase, a theory-modeling phase, and an institutionalization phase. The institutionalization of AAS has led to the rise of neo-totalitarianism, which is featured by state capitalism, unlimited government, and a mixed ideology of Marxism and Confucianism. Neo-totalitarianism further strengthens AAS and has begun to reshape the relationship between the state and the nonprofit sector. This article analyzes China’s nonprofit policymaking from a sociopolitical perspective, and clarifies the context, the characteristics, and the evolution of laws and policies in the nonprofit sector in macrocosm.

Politics and vocation: French Science, 1793–1830

1980 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorinda Outram
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Large Body ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Political World ◽  
The World ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
The One

French science of the period between 1793 and 1830 is now a major focus of study. The large body of work produced since the nineteenth century, particularly in the field of institutional history, has provided the background for important attempts in the last ten or fifteen years to apply tools of sociological analysis to this field of enquiry. Particularly important have been theories of professionalization and institutionalization. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the consequences of the use of such models in relation to this specific historical context. In particular, I shall suggest that such questions as the importance of institutions in the conduct of science, and the extent to which science became a profession or remained a vocation, may be better understood once the world of French science has been situated in a wider political and intellectual context. An article, however, can do no more than suggest new perspectives, and must leave to more extended treatments the work of amplification and correction. Briefly, however, this paper will argue for a view of science at this period as locked in a conflict between the ambiguous demands of the political world on the one hand, and on the other pressures on individuals and groups within the vocation of science to conform to an ideology which viewed science as completely non-political.

What is in Balkan History? Spaces and Scales in the Tradition of Southeast-European Studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Mishkova
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Historical Times ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fine Tune

AbstractThis article takes a distance from the debate about 'symbolic geographies' and structural definitions of historical spaces as well as from surveying discrete disciplinary traditions or political agendas of regionalist scholarship in and on Southeastern Europe. Its purpose instead has been two-fold. On the one hand, to bring to light a preexistent but largely suppressed and un-reflected tradition of regionalist scholarship with the hope that this could help us fine tune the way we conceptualize, contemplate and evaluate regionalism as politics and transnationalism as a scholarly project. In epistemological terms, on the other hand, it proposes a theoretical perspective to regionalist scholarship involving rigorous engagement with the scales of observation, and scale shifts, in the interpretation of history. The hypothesis the article seeks to test maintains that the national and the (meso)regional perspectives to history chart differentiated 'spaces of experience' — i.e. the same occurrences are reported and judged in a different manner on the different scales — by way of displacing the valency of past processes, events, actors, and institutions and creating divergent temporalities — different national and regional historical times. Different objects (i.e. spaces) of enquiry are therefore coextensive with different temporal layers, each of which demands a different methodological approach. Drawing on texts of regional scholars, in which the historical reality of the Balkans/Southeastern Europe is articulated explicitly or implicitly, the article discusses also the relationship between different spaces and scales at the backdrop of the Braudelian and the microhistorical perspectives.

The Relation of the Slave and the Client to the Master or Patron in Medieval Islam

1971 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Forand
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Near East ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
The One ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Middle Ages

In antiquity and in the Middle Ages slavery played a significant role in the military, economic, political and social life of the Near East. Many studies have been made of these aspects of life, but little has been said in the context of Islam about the psychological bonds which, at least to some extent, characterize the relationship between slave or freedman and master. The institution of ‘mutual alliance’ also played an important part in Islamic history, and there were certain similarities between the relation of the ‘ally’ to the patron on the one hand, and of the freedman to the former master on the other. But it is the purpose of this discussion, in part, to point out some basic differences between the two relationships.

scholarly journals Element-for-Element Replacement? Beware! There Might Be a "No-Entry" Sign

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-627
Author(s):  
Kazem Lotfipour-Saedi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Language System ◽  
Direct Route ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Replacement Operation

Abstract Various definitions have been offered for translation, each assuming a different orientation to the nature of meaning and language but all sharing the notion of replacement of one sort or another. The commonsensically perceived framework of translation operation is also basically founded upon the notion of replacement, mostly leading to the illusion that translation is just a matter of replacing SL elements by TL ones. But due to the uniqueness of each language system on the one hand and the non-isomorphic nature of the relationship between form and meaning across language on the other, this replacement operation faces challenging problems. This paper argues that there is no direct route in this operation and the replacement becomes possible only through the determination of the value of the elements to be replaced.

III.—The Place in Nature of the Tasmanian Aboriginal as deduced from a Study of his Calvarium.—Part I. His Relations to the Anthropoid Apes, Pithecanthropus, Homo primigenius, Homo fossilis, and Homo sapiens

1912 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 41-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. A. Berry ◽  
A. W. D. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Material ◽  
Australian Aboriginal ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

IN our communication to the Royal Society of Victoria of the 11th March, 1909 (1), describing our recent discovery of forty-two Tasmanian crania hitherto quite unknown to the world of science, we stated that “one of the earliest purposes to which it is proposed to utilise the present material is the determination of the relationship of the Tasmanian to the anthropoids and primitive man on the one hand, and to the Australian aboriginal on the other hand. Schwalbe's study of Pithecanthropus erectus (2) may serve as a basis for the former purpose, and Klaatsch's recent work (3) for the latter, though it must be remembered that innumerable authors have contributed to both subjects.” The present work is the fulfilment of the first part of this undertaking, namely, the determination of the relationship of the Tasmanian to the anthropoids and primitive man.

The “Homogenization Process” in Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-394
Author(s):  
Roxana Stoenescu
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Homogenization Process ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The One ◽  
Ideological Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

"The present research examines the relationship between the development of the nation state and homogenization efforts in Romania. On the one hand, this requires examining the establishment of ideological and dictatorial power practices that emerge from the historical context of capitalist and imperialist developments. On the basis of which the national conceptions of a closed “body” evolved, and thus certain groups, experienced because of their “otherness” compared to the national similarities, social exclusivity. Thus, the racial ideological attitudes and the resulting homogenization and repression policies of the dictatorships of the 20th century emerged. The aim of this work is to show how the homogenization process took place in Romania. Keywords: dictatorship, total rule, nation, anti-Semitism, homogenization, modernization, Romania."

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