scholarly journals Pattern of Menisci and Cruciate Ligaments Injury of Knee Joint in MRI and Arthroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Santosh Joshi ◽  
Swayam Prakash Pandit ◽  
Binod Sherchan
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Knee Injury ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Diagnostic Arthroscopy ◽  
One Year

Introduction: The traumatic or internal derangement of the knee requires certain investigations for the establishment of diagnosis. With advances in technology and because of high resolution and accuracy a MRI scan is now a standard for evaluating the knee injuries before a subsequent arthroscopy. When used properly after a thorough clinical examination, an MRI can prove to be an efficient and non-invasive diagnostic tool in the management of knee injuries. On the other hand, arthroscopy is considered as the gold standard method for the diagnosis of such injuries.  Methods: The prospective hospital based study was conducted on fifty one symptomatic patients with knee injuries over a period of one year. All the patients underwent MRI of the knee joint on Philips Achieva 1.5 Tesla MRI Machine in Bir Hospital, NAMS and they were evaluated and cross checked by faculty members. After proper evaluation, diagnostic arthroscopy was done, if needed therapeutic intervention was also performed. The sensitivity, the specificity, the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of MRI for MM, LM, ACL and PCL were calculated. Results: A total of 51 patients were included with a mean age of 30.92 years. Left knee was predominantly involved in 56.1% of the cases with 43.9% involvement of right knee. Overall, MRI showed a total of 32 medial menisci tears and 8 lateral menisci tears. There were 5 false negative cases for MMT. MRI revealed tears of ACL in 44 patients and no patient with PCL tear. Arthroscopy revealed ACL tears in 44 cases and confirmed no patient with PCL tear. Conclusions: MRI is a noninvasive, useful and reliable diagnostic tool for evaluating knee injury and it can be used as a first line of investigation in patients with knee injury.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Traumatic Injuries Knee Joint

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
M. A. Abdusharipov ◽  
G. D. Matrizayeva ◽  
D. K. Abdullayeva ◽  
D. G. Khudayberganov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Lateral Meniscus ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Arthroscopy

Purpose: verification of reliability of MRI signs of damage to the structures of the knee joint in comparison with the data of arthroscopy knee joints.Materials and methods. 59 patients were examined (59 knee joints: 41 right (69.5%) and 18 left (30.5%)) with various knee injuries, aged 17 to 49 years (mean age 33.6 years). All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging and medical diagnostic arthroscopy.Results. The sensitivity of the MRI to the diagnosis of meniscus ruptures was highest: 91.7% for the lateral meniscus and 95.4% for the medial meniscus. At the same time, in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures, the MRI examination does not have such a high sensitivity (88.2%). In addition to the above features, MRI provides the ability to determine the damage to bone and cartilage structures. And also according to MRT it is possible to determine the plan of surgical intervention for tears of meniscuses and cruciate ligaments.Conclusion. The obtained data confirm sufficient efficiency of MRI for diagnostics of damages of knee joint structures. Further improvement of methods and increase in experience of interpretation of images will probably reduce amount of false positive and false-negative results in the future.

scholarly journals Does the clinical assessment help in predicting malignancy in thyroid swell

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
Ishwor Raj Devkota ◽  
S. Bhandary ◽  
S. Karki
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Objectives: To predict malignant nodules in solitary thyroid nodules on clinical assessment.Materials and methods: A total of 48 cases with thyroid nodule were clinically assessed in detail and underwent the standard thyroid surgery at BPKIHS, Dharan during the period of one year (April 2012 to march 2013).Results: The mean age was 41.42 years with female to male ratio of 15:1. Most of the patients were euthyroid (73%). Majority of the thyroid nodules were malignant (85.4%) and only 14.6% were benign on clinical assessment. The sensitivity of clinical evaluation was 84.6%, specificity 13.6%, positive predictive value 53.6%, negative predictive value 42.8%. Percentage of the false negative, false positive and overall accuracy was 57.1%, 46.3% and 52% respectively.Conclusion: Even though the sensitivity is high, clinical assessment has low specificity. So we cannot rely on clinical assessment in predicting malignancy in the thyroid nodules.  

scholarly journals Assessment of the Rapid Immunochromatographic Test as a Diagnostic Tool for Norovirus Related Diarrhea in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Reza Gunadi Ranuh ◽  
Alpha Fardah Athiyyah ◽  
Deanty Ayu PA ◽  
Andy Darma ◽  
Dadik Rahardjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Immunochromatographic Test ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

In developing countries, Norovirus is the second-leading cause of acute diarrhea, after rotavirus. The approved gold standard method for diagnosis of norovirus infection is RT-PCR. The rapid immunochromatographic test is a novel and expedient method for diagnosing norovirus that is relatively affordable. However, the use of the rapid immunochromatographic test remains controversial because of its accuracy. This study aimed to explore whether the rapid immunochromatographic test could be used for diagnosing norovirus-related diarrhea in children. Rapid immunochromatographic test (QuickNaviTM-Norovirus2) and RT-PCR on stool samples was used to diagnose norovirus. Stool samples were obtained from pediatric patients aged between 1 and 60 months who had diarrhea and were admitted to the pediatric ward at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, between April 2013 and March 2014. Ninety-four subjects provided stool samples that were tested using QuickNaviTM-Noro2 and RT-PCR. Using the test, 64 samples tested positive for norovirus and 30 tested negatives. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the rapid immunochromatographic test were consecutively 90.3%, 42.9%, 43.8%, 90%, and 58.5%. RT-PCR was used to test all samples to assess the accuracy, which showed that one from 31 samples contained the GI strain (1.1%), while 30 samples (32%) contained the GII strain. This study definitively establishes that the rapid immunochromatography test is not sufficiently accurate for use as a screening or diagnostic tool in norovirus-related diarrhea cases in children.

scholarly journals Clinical Diagnosis of COVID-19: a Prompt, Feasible, Costless, and Highly Sensitive Diagnostic Tool for COVID-19 Based on a 1,757-Patient Cohort (The AndroCoV Clinical Scoring for COVID-19 Diagnosis).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio A. Cadegiani ◽  
Rute Alves Pereira ◽  
Ricardo Ariel Zimerman ◽  
Bruno Campello de Souza ◽  
John McCoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Clinical Scoring

Abstract Importance: A major barrier for successful therapeutic approaches to COVID-19 is the inability during the viral replication stage, when drugs with potential antiviral activity could demonstrate efficacy and preclude progression to more severe stages. Reasons that hamper an earlier diagnosis of COVID-19 include the unspecific and mild symptoms during the first stage, the delay in the diagnosis and specific management caused by the requirement of a rtPCR-SARS-CoV-2 for the diagnosis of COVID-19, and the insufficient sensitivity of the a rtPCR-SARS-CoV-2, oppositely to what is recommended for a screening test during an outbreak. More sensitive and earlier diagnostic tools for COVID-19 should be unraveled as a key strategy for an breakthrough change in the disease course and response to specific therapies, particularly those that target the blockage of viral shedding. We aimed to create an accurate, sensitive, easy-to-perform and intuitive clinical scoring for the diagnosis of COVID-19 without the need of a rtPCR-SARS-CoV-2 (termed as The AndroCoV Clinical Scoring for COVID-19 Diagnosis), resulted from a 1,757 population cohort, eo eventually encourage the management of patients with high pre-clinical likelihood of presenting COVID-19, independent of a rtPCR-SARS-COV-2 test, to avoid delays and loss of appropriate timing for potential therapies.Materials and methods: This is a post-hoc analysis of clinical data prospectively collected of the Pre-AndroCoV and AndroCov Trials, that resulted in scorings for clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, based on the likelihood of presenting actual COVID-19 according to the number of symptoms, presence of anosmia, and known positive household contact. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and accuracy were calculated for subjects screened in two different periods and both periods together, for females, males and both, in a total of nine different scenarios, according to combinations between one, two, or three or more symptoms, or presence of anosmia in subjects without known positive household contacts, and no symptoms, one, two, or three or more symptoms, or presence of anosmia or ageusia in subjects with known positive household contacts. Scorings that yielded the highest pre-test probability, sensitivity and accuracy were selected.Results: Of the 1,757 patients screened, 1,284 were diagnosed for COVID-19. The scoring that required: 1. Two or more symptoms, or anosmia or ageusia alone, for subjects without known contact; or 2. One or more symptoms, including anosmia or ageusia alone, when with known positive contacts presented the highest accuracy (80.4%) among all combinations attempted, and higher sensitivity (85.7%) than rtPCRSARS-CoV-2 commercially available kit tests.Conclusion: The AndroCoV Clinical Scoring for COVID-19 Diagnosis demonstrated to be a feasible, easy, costless, and sensitive diagnostic tool for clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. Because clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 avoids delays in specific treatments, particularly for high-risk populations, prevents false-negative diagnosis, and reduces diagnostic costs, this diagnostic tool should be considered as an option for COVID-19 diagnosis, at least while SARS-CoV-2 is the prevailing circulating virus and vaccination rate is below the required for herd immunity.

scholarly journals Performance of Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test for the Diagnosis of Smear Negative Suspected Tuberculosis - A Study from a Teaching Hospital in Thrissur, Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1114-1118
Author(s):  
Anupama Sethumadhavan ◽  
Kavitha Paul Konikkara ◽  
Davis Paul
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Sputum Sample ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Smear Negative

BACKGROUND In India, everyday more than 6000 people develop tuberculosis (TB) and more than 600 people die of TB (2 death every 5 minutes).1 World Health Organization (WHO) has recently endorsed cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) which has the potential to lead a revolution in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. This study intends to assess the performance of CBNAAT for the diagnosis of suspected smear negative pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS The cross-sectional study was carried out in Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India. CBNAAT was done in district tuberculosis center, Thrissur. The study was done from December 2016 to December 2017. Samples were sent for microscopy, culture and CBNAAT. RESULTS A total of 250 patients were evaluated. Majority of the specimens collected were sputum (61.2 %) followed by bronchial wash (17.6 %). Culture was positive in 48 specimens. CBNAAT was positive in 58 specimens. Both culture and CBNAAT were positive in 47 patients. CBNAAT was negative in 1 specimen but positive in culture test. CBNAAT detected an additional 10 samples. Taking culture as gold standard, culture positives were taken as true positives and culture negatives were taken as true negatives. Accordingly, true positive was 48, true negative was 202, false positive was 10 and false negative was 1. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were respectively 97.95 %, 95.2 %, 82.75 % and 99.5 %. CBNAAT missed out a sputum sample which was culture positive. CONCLUSIONS We found CBNAAT to be an important diagnostic modality especially in smear negative patients for early diagnosis and treatment of TB. Culture of mycobacteria is considered as a gold standard method, but it takes weeks to obtain a positive result and simultaneous detection of rifampicin resistance is not possible with this method. KEY WORDS Tuberculosis, Smear Negative TB, ZN Stain, AFB, Petroff’s Method, CBNAAT, RNTCP, Culture

scholarly journals Healthcare Data-Based Prediction Algorithm for Potential Knee Joint Injury of Football Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yue Yu ◽  
Zi Ye
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Knee Injury ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Prediction Algorithm ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Joint Injury ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
Knee Joint Injury ◽  
Prediction Systems

It is important to predict the potential harm to the knee joint in order to prevent football players from inflicting numerous injuries to the knee during activity. Numerous professionals have been drawn to this subject, and many viable prediction systems have been developed. Prediction of potential knee joint injury is critical to effectively avoid knee joint injury during exercise. The current prediction algorithms are mainly implemented through expert interviews, medical reports, and historical documents. The algorithms have problems with low prediction accuracy or precision values. There is a need to understand more knee injury factors and improve the prediction accuracy; hence, the intelligent prediction algorithm for potential injury of knee joints of football players is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the characteristics of the knee joint injury and the injury factors of the football players are gathered and analyzed. Then, the damage is predicted by the similarity measurement. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has higher prediction accuracy and shorter time. According to the findings of a survey that collected healthcare data, several key factors contribute to football knee injuries. To a degree, this algorithm can predict the likelihood of a football player’s knee injury.

scholarly journals A comparative study of MRI versus arthroscopic findings in ACL and meniscal injuries of the knee

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omkar P. Kulkarni ◽  
Ganesh N. Pundkar ◽  
Satish B. Sonar
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Knee Injury ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Diagnostic Arthroscopy

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">This study was conducted to compare accuracy of MRI findings taking arthroscopy as standard in knee injuries.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">All patients attending our hospital with knee injury underwent clinical examination. Out of them 100 patients with knee injury were subjected to clinical examination, MRI and then Arthroscopy. The results were compared and analyzed using various statistical tests. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated based on these arthroscopic and MRI findings</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The accuracy of clinical diagnosis in our study was 88% for ACL tears and 85% for meniscal tears. Our study proved high sensitivity and specificity and almost high accuracy for ACL injuries of knee joint in comparison to arthroscopy. MRI is an excellent screening tool for therapeutic arthroscopy. We can avoid diagnostic arthroscopy in patients with knee injuries having equivocal clinical and MRI examination and go on for therapeutic modality. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">For the assessment of ligamentous and meniscal injuries magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is accurate and noninvasive modality. It can be used as a first line investigation but arthroscopy still remains gold standard in diagnosing ACL and meniscal injuries.</span></p><p class="abstract"> </p>

scholarly journals A comparative study to evaluate diagnostic accuracy and correlation between saline infusion sonography, hysterosalpingography and diagnostic hysterolaparoscopy in infertility

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Arti Tiwari ◽  
Beenu Kushwah Singh ◽  
Anuradha Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
First Line ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Saline Infusion Sonography ◽  
Tubal Patency ◽  
One Year

Background: Till date hysterosalpingography (HSG) remains the first-line method to detect tubal patency and to find out any uterine abnormalities in infertile female while diagnostic hysterolaparoscopy (DHL)  is considered to be the gold standard method, it is during last decades only that saline infusion sonography (SIS)/ sonohysterography (SHG) has emerged as an efficacious method of checking tubal patency and uterine anatomy as well. The present study aims to compare all three methods viz- SIS, HSG and DHL and to evaluate the correlation between these methods.Methods: 98 infertile females of age group 18-35 years with normal Hormonal profile without any male factor infertility, were prospectively selected from the outpatient department of obstetrics and gynecology, GMH Rewa, Madhya Pradesh over one year from 1st August 2016 to 31st July 2017.Results: Diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of SIS was found to be more than HSG for both tubal patency and uterine abnormalities detection. SIS has less numbers of false positive and false negative rates as compared to HSG. DHL was found to be much superior to both SIS and HSG, also detected additional findings in multiple sites like pelvis, tubes and the uterus on the same setting which were missed on SIS and HSG.Conclusions: SIS may replace HSG as a first step screening method for tubal patency detection, as it has more diagnostic accuracy than HSG and better correlation with DHL and has many advantages and minimal disadvantages as compared to HSG.

scholarly journals Pattern of Knee Injury Cases Attending Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Md Mashiur Rahman ◽  
Md Fashiur Rahman ◽  
Zulfiquer Ahmed Amin ◽  
Zakia Hossain Faiza ◽  
Zahidul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Injury ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: Knee injury one of the most common injuries among soldiers accounts for losses in efficient combat power as well as increase burden of disability placed to the different units of Armed Forces. Objectives: To find out the pattern of knee injury of patients attending at a tertiary military hospital. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study carried out during January 2017 to December 2017 at Orthopedic Center of CMH, Dhaka. A total of 153 knee injuries patients were selected purposively as per selection criteria and data were collected by face to face interview and record review. Results: Total 153 respondents’ mean age was 31.03±10.19 years, most of them (41.8%) were from age group 25-34 years and were male (90.8%). Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury was predominant (37.9%) and main precipitating physical event was football (20.3%) followed by jumping 9 feet ditch (16.3%). Right knee was more involved (49.7%) than left knee (46.4%). Most of injuries occurred in the exercise ground (40.5%) then sports ground (35.3%). ACL injuries (19%) were common in the age group 25-34 years and 9.8% were in 15-24 years. Morbidity duration of knee injuries was <1 year for 49% and 1-5 years for 36.6% of the respondents. Conclusion: Training-related injuries negatively impact the capabilities of any Armed Forces. Low fitness levels among soldiers are associated with increased risk for injury and attrition. Knee injury may be considered as one of the major occupational health problems of Armed Forces. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.15 (1) 2019: 98-101

scholarly journals Assessment of the Rapid Immunochromatographic Test as a Diagnostic Tool for Norovirus Related Diarrhea in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Reza Gunadi Ranuh ◽  
Alpha Fardah Athiyyah ◽  
Deanty Ayu PA ◽  
Andy Darma ◽  
Dadik Raharjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Immunochromatographic Test ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

In developing countries, Norovirus is the second-leading cause of acute diarrhea, after rotavirus. The approved gold standard method for diagnosis of norovirus infection is RT-PCR. The rapid immunochromatographic test is a novel and expedient method for diagnosing norovirus that is relatively affordable. However, the use of the rapid immunochromatographic test remains controversial because of its accuracy. This study aimed to explore whether the rapid immunochromatographic test could be used for diagnosing norovirus-related diarrhea in children. Rapid immunochromatographic test (QuickNaviTM-Norovirus2) and RT-PCR on stool samples was used to diagnose norovirus. Stool samples were obtained from pediatric patients aged between 1 and 60 months who had diarrhea and were admitted to the pediatric ward at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, between April 2013 and March 2014. Ninety-four subjects provided stool samples that were tested using QuickNaviTM-Noro2 and RT-PCR. Using the test, 64 samples tested positive for norovirus and 30 tested negatives. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the rapid immunochromatographic test were consecutively 90.3%, 42.9%, 43.8%, 90%, and 58.5%. RT-PCR was used to test all samples to assess the accuracy, which showed that one from 31 samples contained the GI strain (1.1%), while 30 samples (32%) contained the GII strain. This study definitively establishes that the rapid immunochromatography test is not sufficiently accurate for use as a screening or diagnostic tool in norovirus-related diarrhea cases in children.

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