scholarly journals Global Challenges and Threats of Hypersonic Weapons – the Russian Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
MIROSŁAW BANASIK
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
International Security ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Research Process ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Offensive Weapon ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Indispensable Tool

This article presents the results of research that set out to identify and characterize the challenges and threats to international security posed by the use of hypersonic weapons. The research process mainly employed the critical assessment of the literature, systemic and comparative analyses and generalization. As a result of the research, it was established that hypersonic weapons are an indispensable tool in the conducting of international competition by the Russian Federation and can be treated on par with nuclear weapons. Due to its attributes, it meets the criteria of an offensive weapon and poses certain uncertainties and real threats to the international security environment mainly because, so far, the capabilities to intercept and destroy it in the active phase of flight to the target has not been acquired. The Russian Federation considers hypersonic weapons as an excellent tool for applying pressure and aggression, allowing it to conduct international competition in the gray zone and achieve foreign policy objectives without the need for direct military confrontation. Due to its ability to cause almost immediate operational and strategic effects, it accelerates the dynamics of conflict escalation and rapidly affects the transition from a state of stability to international instability. It cannot be ruled out that in the third decade of the 21st century hypersonic weapons may be the key element determining the Russian Federation's achievement of global dominance.

scholarly journals Cybersecurity in Russian Federation. A Trendy Term or the Priority Technologic Area of Enhancing National and International Security of the XXI Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Alexandr Dobrodeev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
System Approach ◽  
International Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
World Development ◽  
Main Factor

The purpose of the article: the study of the roleand and meaningof cybersecurity at the present stage of world development as the main factor for ensuring national and international security of the 21st century. Research method: synthesis and scientific forecasting, peer review, comparative analysis of the cybersphere within the system approach. Results: the state and ways of developing cybersecurity of leading foreign countries on the example of the United States, the state and ways of developing cybersecurity and cybersecurity technology in the Russian Federation are presented with justification for discussion proposals on the disclosure of the term and the concept of “cybersecurity.”

scholarly journals MACROECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE WORLD MARKET OF SPACE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
A. Krishtofor
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Organizational Characteristics ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Space Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Global Patterns

The main organizational characteristics of the world space industry in the context of increased international competition have been determined. The most characteristic changes in the global market of space products have been identified. The methodology of the analysis of the world market of space products and services has been presented. As a result of the analysis of the successful international experience in the development of the space industry and the trends of the world space activity, the global patterns, that need to be taken into account in the implementation and planning of measures to improve the competitiveness of space activity of the Russian Federation have been revealed.

scholarly journals Primary hyperparathyroidism in Russia according to the registry

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya G. Mokrysheva ◽  
Svetlana S. Mirnaya ◽  
Ekaterina A. Dobreva ◽  
Irina S. Maganeva ◽  
Elena V. Kovaleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Parathyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Russian Federation

BACKGROUND: There are no large-scale epidemiological studies on primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in Russia. The high prevalence of the disease, the high risk of disability and death in this cohort of patients requires the study of the epidemiological and clinical structure of PHPT to determine the extent of medical care. AIM: Evaluate the frequency of PHPT detection and characterize its clinical forms in Russia using an online registry. METHODS: The object of the study is the database of the State Register of Patients with PHPT 1914 patients from 71 regions of the Russian Federation. New cases of the disease, as well as dynamic indicators are recorded when patients visit outpatient clinics or medical institutions. The analysis of data made at the end of December 2017 was carried out. The following parameters were evaluated: demographic and clinical indicators; indicators of phosphorus-calcium metabolism, the main forms of PHPT and its course, the primary characteristic of PHPT in hereditary syndromes and parathyroid carcinoma. Results are presented as mean and standard deviations, or medians and quartiles; descriptive statistics of qualitative attributes absolute and relative frequencies. RESULTS: the total number of patients with PHPT in the registry on 31 of December 2017 was 1914 cases (0.001% of the population of the Russian Federation). Identification of PHPT was 1.3 cases per 100 thousand of the population in Russia, 7.6 cases in Moscow, 6.1 cases per 100 thousand in the Moscow region. The average age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 55.6 10 years. The active phase of the disease was registered in 84.6% of patients (1620/1914), most of whom had a symptomatic PHPT 67.1% (1087/1620), and 32.9% a asymptomatic disease (533/1620). Symptomatic disease with visceral complications was detected in 15.8% cases (172/1087), with bone complications in 48.4% (526/1087). The mixed form of the disease was detected in 35.8% of patients with manifest form (389/1087). Normocalcemic variant PHPT (nPHPT) was registered in 14.5% cases (234/1620). Sporadic PHPT occurs in 83% of cases (1592/1914). 326 patients (17%) had a suspicion for hereditary form of the disease: average age was 31.2 12.3 years. A genetic analysis was conducted in 61 patients (3.2%): showed the mutation in the MEN1 gene in 2.9% of cases (55/1914) and the mutation in the CDC73 gene in 0.3% of cases (6/1914) (HPT-JT syndrome). Parathyroid carcinoma was confirmed in 1.8% of all patients (35/1914). Surgical treatment was performed in 64.5% of patients (1234/1914). Remission was achieved in 94% of cases (1160/1234), in 6% of cases relapse after surgical treatment or persistence of PHPT was recorded. CONCLUSION: detection of PHPT in the Russian Federation raised in comparison to 2016, which is associated with an active start of registration of patients in the regions. At this stage, it is necessary to modify the principles of registration and control, to make a platform for gathering information and calculating the necessary volumes of medical care for PHPT patients.

The Russian Federation’s Approach to Cybersecurity

2021 ◽  
pp. 671-684
Author(s):  
Anton Shingarev ◽  
Anastasiya Kazakova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
International Security ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Regulatory Landscape

This chapter discusses the approach of the Russian Federation in the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the context of international security and peace. After analysing the conceptual framework and definitions, as well as key distinguishing features in Russia’s approach, it gives an overview of Russia’s regulatory landscape and main legislative acts concerning cybersecurity and international security broadly. It also provides an analysis of Russian foreign policy on cybersecurity.

Investigation of the possibility of entering the market of electron beam equipment of new manufacturers

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
V.E. Ilyin ◽  
G.E. Ganina
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Research Process ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the study of the possibility of appearance and development of new manufacturers of electron beam equipment on the market. In the research process, the current relevance of electron beam equipment was emphasized; the varieties of equipment, their cost and the scope were determined in general; the criteria of recognition of the enterprises as potential consumers of electron beam equipment were formulated; the search of potential clients was conducted. As a result of the work, the identified potential consumers were evaluated according to several criteria, and the industry assessment of the market was carried out. The results of this work will be useful for companies engaged in or planning to start manufacturing electron beam equipment in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals The state role in the investments development in Russia’s digital economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Savva O. Popov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Institutional Investment ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Fundamental Categories

Introduction. The current stage of development is characterized by widespread digitalization of almost all economy spheres. One of the key areas for the developing digital economy in the Russian Federation is investments and investment relations. The state supports and develops the investments in data-driven formation of the digital economy. The article examines some of the subjects of the country’s influence on the mechanisms for expanding the innovation investment sphere, regarding local development specifics. Theoretical analysis. There are two categories for considering government influence on investments in the digital economy – the investment climate and the country’s investment policy. The key part of the research process is a set of economic, sociological and statistical methods, as well as applied scientific analysis in digitalization field of public institutions, institutional investment and investment relations as part of the economic system. Empirical analysis. Analyzed topical aspects of state role on the investments development in a rapidly changing environment, divided them into six fundamental categories. The process is presented in the forms of activating the legislative process and the testing of regulatory “sandboxes”. The article describes the caution of the Russian Federation in choosing a supported investment industry, its type and accompanying regulatory legal acts. Results. The research shows the development aspects description chosen by the state to support investment in digital economy conditions and a fact analysis of the state methods of influence on investment relations in the context of global and country economy digitalization.

scholarly journals Tax Relations from a Position of Business Safe Development and Protection of State Interests

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-88
Author(s):  
I. V. Vyakina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Research Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Russian Federation

Purpose: the article analyzes the tax policy of the Russian Federation and judicial practice of the cases related to tax legislation from the standpoint of business safe development and protection of state interests; contains measures that allow the formation of adequate tax relations between the state and business aimed at the development of the national economy.Methods: tax relations consider in two aspects: from the position of state interests, on the one hand, and subjective perception of business, on the other. In the research process, economic and statistical methods for processing analytical data, graphical and tabular methods for visualizing research results used, as well as methods for complex, system, comparative and structural-functional analysis and traditional general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparisons, generalizations, analogies, etc.Results: the author has performed an analysis of the structure and dynamics of tax revenues to the budget system of the Russian Federation and the results of the consideration of tax legislation application in terms of meeting the claims of various parties and the amounts recovered from lawsuits of tax authorities and taxpayers. The features of the regulatory framework to protect the interests of the state and business in the field of tax relations have considered. The key threats and opportunities for development at different levels of the functioning of tax relations have identified and specific measures aimed at improving the mechanism of tax relations between the state and business have proposed.Conclusions and Relevance: analysis of judicial practice shows an increase in the fiscal focus of the results of the consideration by the Arbitration courts of the cases related to tax legislation. The formation of a set of specific organizational and legal measures in the field of taxation aimed at improving business protection is necessary for protection of the state interests and the safe development of the national economy. They are the organization of effective interaction of business with regulatory authorities; reduction of taxation of investments in fixed assets; development of mechanisms for protecting the rights of investors.

scholarly journals The Militarization of Russian foreign and security policy and its possible impact on global security

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malina Kaszuba
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
International Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Global Security ◽  
The Past ◽  
Foreign And Security Policy ◽  
The Russian Federation

The transformation of the Russian foreign and security policy based on a more courageous use of military potential is a fact. Over the past several years, Russia has moved from articulating its interests to their enforcement with the use of military force. This article focuses on analyzing this process and identifying its potential consequences for global security. The conclusions drawn by the author, based on the conducted research, allow to state that the armed forces are and will be an important instrument of the Russian foreign and security policy. This does not mean, however, that the Russian Federation will strive for an armed conflict posing a threat to international security.

scholarly journals The Arab Spring – Implications for the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Stopczyński
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Major Transformation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Arab Spring

The Arab Spring led to a major transformation of political systems of the region’s most countries; an increase in the significance of radical Islam in the political life; a degradation of the security environment. In addi­tion, changes in the region’s economy cannot be overlooked. The events connected with the Arab Spring gave the Russian Federation completely new challenges. The country has to yet again define the character of its relations with Muslim countries and adapt its foreign policy to the new post-revolutionary reality. The Arab Spring also represents a challenge for Russia in its internal affairs.

scholarly journals The role of international law in international information security

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Nikolai Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
International Security ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Un General Assembly ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The United Nations

The aim of the study is to develop the main approaches to providing states with international information security. The role of the Russian Federation and other states in advances in information and telecommunications within the framework of international security is being investigated. Attention is drawn to the rapid formation and use of information and communication technologies, which have made up a large and lasting dependence of adverse government mechanisms on real cyber technologies and has been the reason new threats. The role of the Russian Federation in the purposeful work of shaping the United Nations doctrine on world information international security is being investigated. The UN General Assemblys Resolution A/RES/56/19, Advances in Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security adopted on 7 January 2002, endorsed the idea of researching current and possible threats to information security and drawing attention to the likely collective measures to eliminate them. The Russian Federations proposal for education, the composition of government experts, which could concentrate and discuss the most important stages that aim the subjects of international law to participate in the UN General Assembly Resolution of December 8, 2003 No. 58/32 Achievements in the field of information and telecommunications in the context of international security are analyzed. The article draws particular attention to the document of the UN General Assembly A/55/140 which outlined five principles on international information security. The article examines in detail the resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly Advances in Information and Telecommunications in the context of International Security from December 4, 1998 to October 22, 2018 to ensure international information security. The novelty of the study is the conclusions and proposals on problematic issues in the field of international information security, which would contribute to the adoption of a single international UN Convention, which would contain a conceptual apparatus, objectives, objectives, types of threats, priorities and mechanisms for their implementation, as well as provisions on the responsibility of States in the international information space.

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