INSTITUTIONAL INCENTIVES FOR INCREASING PUBLIC SECTOR EFFICIENCY IN DECENTRALIZATION

State Power ◽

Market Incentives ◽

Effective Work ◽

Institutional Incentives ◽

Power Tools ◽

Public Sector Efficiency ◽

Secondary Information ◽

In the given paper, the features of the influence of institutional incentives and power tools on the efficiency of decentralization in ensuring prosperity and in the context of economic growth are explored. The purpose of the given paper is to determine the instruments of government and to characterize the methods of using them to promote decentralization, as well as the mechanisms for financing local governments, the decentralization of information and to define their role in the application of market incentives for decentralization. To study the peculiarities of power tools and institutional incentives for decentralization, to determine the conditions for effective work of local government financing mechanisms, the benefits of information decentralization and types of market incentives, a methodology of desk research was used with analysis of the results of theoretical and applied research published in foreign literature. Secondary information has been gathered in the context of the experience of implementing reforms on decentralization of state power, the peculiarities of the institutional environment and the establishment of stimulating factors for increasing the efficiency of state power. Institutional incentives to increase the effectiveness of decentralization have a complex hierarchical structure, and their impact depends on many factors of local culture and management traditions. Decentralization of information and different market incentives may also have different effectiveness in their application. In any case, many changes are needed in the political system. In future studies, it is planned to focus on the peculiarities of decentralization in certain regions of Ukraine and to assess the state of implementation of the proposed mechanisms for funding local governments in specific circumstances.

Dynamic data processing for building energy consumption

Journal of Construction Materials ◽

10.36756/jcm.v2.2.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Farid Sartipi ◽

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Local Governments ◽

Study Data ◽

Commercial Building ◽

Air Conditioners ◽

Smart Building ◽

Building Management ◽

Using Data ◽

The Moment ◽

With the growing attention to smart buildings, local governments are seeking practical ways to optimize the energy consumption of commercial buildings. An ideal smart building is capable of monitoring its own energy consumption and adjusting the operation of electric devices, being lighting and air conditioners, based on the occupant behaviour. In this study, data had been obtained from the monitoring sensors in a commercial building located in the heart of Sydney from 2013 until 2020 on a 15-minute time intervals. The data derivation and analysis are intrinsically static at the moment which makes it difficult for building management to make instantaneous decision regarding the measures to be taken for a lower energy consumption. Using data analysis and visualization tools in Tableau, this study provides detailed insights about the trends in energy consumption in the given building. The outcomes facilitate the decision making for building management and can be seen as a milestone towards a dynamic optimization protocol in a bigger picture which is introduced in the second part of this study.

THE COMPLEXITY OF SOCIAL ECONOMY AS A SOCIO-ECONOMIC PHENOMENON

Polityka Społeczna ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0015.5901 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1 (ang)) ◽

pp. 2-10

Author(s):

Andrzej Zybała

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Public Management ◽

Central Government ◽

Social Economy ◽

Anglo Saxon ◽

Endogenous Factors ◽

The Public ◽

The Social ◽

Economy System

This paper presents the complexity of the contemporary social economy system – its definitions, points of reference, role played in socio-economic development. Furthermore the paper presents a review of selected approaches to social economy, including definitional approaches, e.g. those specific to Anglo-Saxon and continental traditions. It discusses the context in which it emerged and developed as a phenomenon in the public policy and economic areas. It analyses the dynamics of social economy development in Poland, including institutional environment and selected mechanisms of public management. It stresses that top-down initiatives – including those of the central government and the EU institutions – are a key element in making the social economy dynamic in developing the forms of activity (in view of the weakness of endogenous factors). The central and local governments place social economy at the heart of their strategies in many public policies.

Endogenous Political, Institutional, Cultural, and Geographic Determinants of Intermunicipal Cooperation—Evidence from Slovakia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12020709 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 709 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katarína Melichová ◽

Lukáš Varecha

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Local Governments ◽

Institutional Arrangements ◽

Political Affiliation ◽

Geographic Factors ◽

Previous Evidence ◽

Intermunicipal Cooperation ◽

Communist Countries ◽

The Impact

All over Europe, but especially in post-communist countries, the institutional environment has been undergoing major changes. In Slovakia, regaining their autonomy has led local governments on the path of fragmentation, unsustainably high expenditures for the provision of public services, and an increase in transaction costs. Current policies targeting these issues are heavily focused on intermunicipal cooperation (IMC). Based on four case studies of different institutional arrangements, this paper aims to investigate which endogenous political, institutional, cultural, and geographic factors influence cooperation among Slovak municipalities. Through the application of social network analysis and regression analysis, we reached several relevant conclusions. A number of common assumptions were confirmed, namely that population size and heterogeneity play a major role, but also that the impact of political affiliation as a deciding factor of IMC is not as straightforward as previous evidence suggested. Results also underline the importance of cross-sectoral partnerships such as the EU’s LEADER initiative as a viable alternative to more traditional forms of IMC (but with some limitations).

Multiculturalism, Legal Pluralism and Local Government in Colombia: Indigenous Autonomy and Institutional Embeddedness in Karmata Rúa, Antioquia

Journal of Latin American Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022216x17001183 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 517-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MARCELA VELASCO

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Indigenous Rights ◽

The State ◽

Indigenous Autonomy ◽

Political Autonomy ◽

Institutional Embeddedness ◽

Local Decision ◽

Local Decision Making ◽

New Institutions

AbstractIn the 1990s, Colombia decentralised politics and passed multicultural reforms as part of wider strategies to strengthen the state. Multiculturalism produced a complex institutional environment marked by jurisdictional overlap and legal plurality. The literature on Colombia's multiculturalism confirms that violence, indigenous rights abuses and the lack of enabling legislation on indigenous territorial entities limited ethno-political autonomy and instead enhanced the capacity of the state to transform indigenous identity and bureaucratise local decision-making practices. However, some indigenous authorities used the new institutions to take control of communal matters, changing local governments along the way. The better-known case of indigenous self-government is that of the Nasa people in Cauca, characterised by the capture of local institutions to advance ethnic rights. In my study of the Embera Chamí of Karmata Rúa (Antioquia) I argue that they represent an alternative approach centred on institutional embeddedness, or the repetition of ethnic autonomy rules by multiple layers of government.

Organizational and institutional environment of the development of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership in Ukraine

Economics. Finances. Law ◽

10.37634/efp.2020.11.1 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 6-10

Author(s):

Bohdana SHULIUK

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Social Institutions ◽

Public Private Partnership ◽

Public Authorities ◽

Private Partnership ◽

Investment Projects ◽

Consulting Services ◽

State And Local ◽

Financial Mechanism

Introduction. To ensure the proper functioning of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership, it is necessary to create an organizational and institutional environment. Without it, it is impossible to determine the most important vectors of development of this mechanism, as well as the benchmarks by which the formation and selection of the most effective economic and social institutions. The purpose of the paper is to study the organizational and institutional aspects of the development of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership, to identify the main problems, as well as to justify measures to address them. Results. The structure of the organizational and institutional environment of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership in Ukraine is outlined, which consists of: organizational and managerial, financial, scientific-expert and public environment. The first includes public authorities and local governments that form state and local policies in the field of public-private partnership, as well as monitor its implementation. The second includes financial institutions that facilitate the financing of investment projects that are not attractive enough for private business in terms of profitability and risk. The third includes research institutions, expert and consulting organizations, the purpose of which is to provide information and consulting services. The fourth includes civil society institutions, which should participate in the formation of the components of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership, as well as control the process of its functioning and the achievement of planned tasks by partners. It is argued that the development of the institutional environment of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership needs state support. Conclusion. It is substantiated that the effectiveness of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership depends on the organizational and institutional environment, which clearly regulates the rights, responsibilities, sequence of actions reflected in coordinated legislation and allows to take into account the specific regional or sectoral characteristics of the country.

PUBLIC CONTROL IN THE SYSTEM OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT: BASES AND FEATURES

RUDN JOURNAL OF LAW ◽

10.22363/2313-2337-2019-23-3-311-332 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 311-332

Author(s):

Nikolay L. Peshin

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

Local Governments ◽

Municipal Government ◽

State Power ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

Public Power ◽

Public Control ◽

The Russian Federation

Legal regulation of issues of public control and supervision is one of the problems of legal theory and practice. Underestimating of the place and features of municipal control in the system of public control and supervision is the cause of the poor quality of legal decisions taken, as well as legislation adopted at the level of both the Russian Federation and individual constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Municipal control in the system of public control and supervision, developing recommendations aimed at overcoming the shortcomings of legal regulation and practice of implementing municipal control. Methods: general and private scientific methods of cognition of objective reality (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, analogy, comparative legal, formal legal, and other methods of scientific cognition). The article deals with issues of relationship between state and municipal (public) control carried out by local self-government bodies - as a rule, due to the need to solve tasks that fall within the competence of state power. The problems of its independent implementation are studied based on the principles of local self-government - self-organization and self-control. A detailed analysis of the current legislation, allowing local governments to act as “controlling agents” of state power, is conducted, and based on this analysis, conclusions are made about the existing of municipal public control in the system of local self-government as a specific public phenomenon combining elements of public law and private law regulation. As a state, the Russian Federation is faced with the task of drastically improving the system of control (supervision) as a function of public power, and therefore the already initiated legal reform in this area will undoubtedly continue. In the context of the development of civil society and an open state, the development of forms of public control is also necessary, the lack of which creates a sense of “permissiveness” among the subjects of public power and inevitably leads to a decrease in the efficiency of public authority. Municipal public control within the framework of this system of public-state control should be oriented, including intra-system, at identifying deficiencies in the work of the bodies and officials of local self-government that impede the improvement of the quality of management and organizations. As a result, municipal public control should contribute to a safer for citizens to work and provide services to individuals and legal entities. Sphere of constitutional, administrative and municipal law; questions of the organization of state power and local self-government in the subjects of the Russian Federation; questions of control and supervisory activities. Separate existence of municipal authority does not mean the lack of interaction of local selfgovernment with state administration, non-coincidence of municipal formations under the influence of state-governmental structures, denial of influence of state on local self-government. State power has a significant impact on development of basic social processes predetermining the peculiarities of the implementation of public control by the municipal government. The implementation of supervisory activities, including at the local government level, is an important part of the stable, uninterrupted functioning of the state.

Opportunities and Challenges of Tourism Industry in the Context of Visit Nepal 2020

Tribhuvan University Journal ◽

10.3126/tuj.v33i1.28683 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 67-80

Author(s):

BP Badal ◽

Suman Kharel

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Tourism Development ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Great Opportunity ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

Tourism Information ◽

Secondary Information ◽

Land Water

Welcoming two million tourists in 2020, is itself a challenge and the challenge from another side is a great opportunity for Nepalese tourism development. Only tourism can transform the nation because other sector of economy requires extensive capital and skillful human resource. Nepal cannot compete with India in Agricultural Production and with China in other industrial productions. Nation’s investment in Agriculture and Industries are in high risks. At this crucial juncture of time Nepal government has announced visit Nepal 2020, which could be a milestone of Nepalese Economic Development. To analyze the challenges and opportunities to welcome 2 million tourists in 2020 the study has been designed. Tourism is a social phenomenon that promotes the movement of visitors to a region or destination in the world with certain natural or artificial features aimed to leisure and rest. Methodologically, it is a qualitative descriptive analysis of available secondary information on Nepalese tourism industry and academia. The method analyzes entire facts qualitatively and interprets the meaning of tourism information. The tourism industry’s viability is based on its natural and cultural environment. The environment encompasses air, land, water, art, history, architect, festivals, and hospitability of people. The foreign tourists and excursionists’ primary interest in Nepal is to study its culture and nature not dust, dirt, and mismanagement of roads etc. Mayors of local governments must be aware on these issues. Nepal’s unique form of musical expression and cultural vibes are becoming lost resulting in cultural dilution. Accessibilities and identification of tourist circuit along with standard food and well accommodation facilities are prior for tourism development for visit Nepal 2020.

Immovable Property Tax Exemptions as a Tool of Tax Policy

10.36250/00749.47 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 497-504

Author(s):

Michal Radvan

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Tax Policy ◽

Local Governments ◽

Property Tax ◽

New Classification ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Tax Exemptions ◽

State And Local ◽

This text is dea ling with the exemptions from the immovable propert y tax in the Czech Republic. It brings a new classification of tax exemptions and it overviews this type of correction components. It critically analyses de lege lata regulations in the given area. The hypothesis to be confirmed or disproved is that the Immovable Property Tax Act enables the implementation of the tax policy of both state and local governments. At the end, possible regulations de lege ferenda are drafted.

The Role of Local Governments in Driving High-Quality Growth in the People’s Republic of China

10.22617/wps200400-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ehtisham Ahmad ◽

Hans van Rijn

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Local Governments ◽

People’S Republic Of China ◽

People's Republic Of China ◽

High Quality ◽

Republic Of China ◽

Spatial Inequalities ◽

Local Government Level ◽

Negative Side Effects

Over the past 25 years, the People’s Republic of China has gone through a long period of remarkable growth, lifting millions of people out of poverty. But this focus on growth has come at a cost, particularly in terms of environmental degradation, increasing socioeconomic and spatial inequalities, and the building up of fiscal liabilities at the local government level. Under the High-Quality Growth agenda, the People’s Republic of China seeks to rebalance the economy by addressing those negative side effects, and local governments will have a key role to play in the implementation of that agenda. In this paper, some critical aspects of the fiscal and institutional environment in which local governments operate are analyzed, and proposals are offered for the strengthening of local government finances.

Tourism and Local Governments in Hungary: The Position of Tourism in Local Council Committees of Local Governments

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism ◽

10.2478/v10197-012-0020-3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 208-211

Author(s):

Gábor Kozma ◽

Gábor Michalkó ◽

Zsolt Radics

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Local Council ◽

AbstractIntroduction. The objective of this paper is to investigate the position of tourism in the committee structure of the local councils of Hungarian local governments. Material and methods. The data were sourced from websites of the settlements concerned and all the results obtained statistically evaluated using the method of descriptive statistics. Results. From the data available, we can clearly determine the role of tourism in the committees of local governments, as well as the direction of changes after the 2010 election. The results also clearly identified the factors that determine the role of tourism in local council committees and the sectors that constitute the same committees with tourism. Conclusions. The role of tourism in committees of local councils is fundamentally unfavourable and the situation deteriorated after the 2010 election. The role of tourism in committees of local councils is closely related to the size of the population and the role of tourism in the given settlements.