Conceptual Review of Public Diplomacy: from the Perspective of Classical Realism in International Relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Dong Min Shin
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Classical Realism

scholarly journals REALISME DALAM KEPENTINGAN NASIONAL INDONESIA MELALUI FORUM KONFERENSI ASIA AFRIKA (KAA) DAN GERAKAN NON BLOK (GNB)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
Taufan Herdansyah Akbar ◽  
Agus Subagyo ◽  
Jusmalia Oktaviani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Research Team ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Military Power ◽  
World War ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Rational Actor ◽  
Classical Realism

Realism is an approach and paradigm that is in international relations, Realism began to be debated during World War II (World War II) because of the failure of the League of Nations (LBB). LBB is the brainchild of idealists who are considered to have failed to prevent war and create peace. Realism existed even before the paradigm debate which was later called classical realism with one of its characters being Niccolo Machiavelly. Niccolo Maciavelly's style of realism emphasizes that human nature is egositically and creates an anarchic world. In this study the research team wanted to prove that what Niccolo Machiavelly delivered was not merely increasing military power merely to create peace, but negotiation and diplomacy methods were also instruments of the State in achieving its national interests in realism like Indonesia. The national interests of Indonesia are everything for Indonesian politicians and the existence and power of Indonesia is the goal of Indonesia's interests to avoid war. Therefore Indonesia must have played its role in the Asian-African Conference and the Non-Aligned Movement at that time as an instrument of achieving national interests in Realism. This research will use qualitative research methods with a historical approach. The results of this study provide answers that Realism is not merely militaristic but also a role as a rational actor.

scholarly journals SMART POWER AS THE FACTOR IN THE SINO-U.S. RELATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2(71)) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Cheng Guo ◽  
Yin Qun
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Power Construction ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Definition Of

This research work analyzes the characteristics of American public diplomacy from the perspectives of smart power theory, comparing China and the United States’ smart power strategy. The article revealed that globalization and the process of technological evolution have led profound changes in the contempopary world politics and international relations, the smart power factors such as culture, science, technology, and information have become increasingly prominent in political science. These factors have not only created the fundamental theory of smart power, but also affected the form and definition of diplomacy. The research methodology is based on a complex combination of scientific methods, mainly comparative, analytical, systematic. The obtained conclusions can be referred that smart power as a key factor, has become a new theoretical perspective for understanding changes in contempopary international relations and foreign policy. It has naturally become the theoretical support for public diplomacy, meanwhile public diplomacy itself is also an important content and strategic path for smart power construction.

The Decline of the Great Rapprochement

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Bowman
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
The Us ◽  
Public Scrutiny ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Post War

This chapter examines the activities of the Pilgrims Society against the backdrop of official international relations in the immediate post-war years, in particular during the presidency of Warren Harding. It analyses the Pilgrims Society’s role in many of the most pressing issues in the Anglo-American relationship, for example the US refusing to join the League of Nations, the war debt question, and naval disarmament. It focuses on a banquet held in London in 1921 for the US Ambassador George Harvey, whose remarks at the event about the League of Nations caused controversy and resulted in significant levels of press coverage. This chapter also looks at the growing anti-Britishness in the US in this period and examines how this impacted upon the Pilgrims Society. The chapter ultimately establishes that the Pilgrims Society consolidated its position as a semi-official public diplomacy actor while at the same time coming under increasing public scrutiny.

3. Realism

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-102
Author(s):  
Georg Sørensen ◽  
Jørgen Møller ◽  
Robert Jackson
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Offensive Realism ◽  
Classical Realism ◽  
Defensive Realism ◽  
Power Concept

This chapter examines the realist tradition in international relations (IR), which is best seen as a research programme with several approaches using a common starting point. It highlights an important dichotomy in realist thought between classical realism and contemporary realism, including strategic and structural approaches. After describing the elements of realism, the chapter discusses the international thought of three outstanding classical realists of the past: Thucydides, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Thomas Hobbes. It then analyses the classical realist thought of Hans J. Morgenthau, along with strategic realism, neorealism, and neoclassical realism. Special attention is devoted to the defensive realism of Kenneth Waltz and the offensive realism of John Mearsheimer. Furthermore, the chapter looks at the recent theoretical debate among realist IR scholars concerning the relevance of the balance of power concept and it shows that realists often disagree among themselves. The chapter concludes with an overview of how the different realist theories treat international and domestic factors.

Deconfusing Morgenthau: moral inquiry and classical realism reconsidered

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM BAIN
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Moral Inquiry ◽  
Political Realism ◽  
Moral Tradition ◽  
Moral Voice ◽  
Classical Realism

This article explores Jim George's claim that Hans Morgenthau's notion of political realism is founded upon a spectator theory of knowledge and that it discloses no meaningful distinction between theory and practice. An investigation of Morgenthau's understanding of scientific inquiry, the relation of theory and practice, and his views on American foreign policy suggests that both of these claims may be misplaced. Rather Morgenthau's realism is an authentic moral voice in the discourse of world politics which emphasizes the importance of judgment and the need to locate statecraft in historical, social, and political context. It is a realism that is representative of a rich moral tradition, one which orders, arranges, and prioritizes fundamental human values and which is concerned with how these values might be realized. This conclusion not only emancipates a valuable tradition of scholarship, it also raises important question about how we engage and organize the discipline of international relations and it suggests that some critical thinking spaces may provide a rather limited refuge for those wishing to go beyond Morgenthau and realism.

The Public Diplomacy of Federated Entities: Examining the Quebec Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Huijgh
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Nation Branding ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Early Phases

Calls to involve a wide range of actors in public diplomacy are coming thick and fast. Federated entities are waiting in line, hoping to advance their international influence and search for distinctiveness and self-affirmation. Despite the increasing interest the development of most federated entities’ public diplomacy has not yet moved out of the early phases: a borderline activity of ‘nation-branding’ and ‘paradiplomacy’. This is true not only in practice but also in the current research, a situation that this article aims to amend. To this end, it is not necessary to start anew but to expand upon more advanced cases in the field. Particular interest is given to Quebec, which is busy creating a distinct profile for public diplomacy and alluding to a more normatively inspired network model. This article examines the public diplomacy model of Quebec’s ministry of international relations, and interprets the findings for federated entities in light of new evolutions in the field. The article concludes that despite significant discourse on public diplomacy development, major reforms remain in the realm of theory.

The nature of sophisticated realism: Raymond Aron and international relations

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Hall
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
Classical Realism ◽  
Raymond Aron

Aron made a distinctive, cognitively high-powered addition to classical realism. As a sociologist he stressed that war was likely to be relatively limited if two conditions were fulfilled. First, the international system needed to be relatively homogeneous, so as to increase understanding between states. Second, states needed to become intelligent, able to calculate clearly. In the absence of these factors war was likely to move towards the extremes.

scholarly journals “Verum Est Ipsum Factum” – True is What Has Been Made as Such

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Torsti Sirén
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
World Order ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Nato Enlargement ◽  
Interactionist Perspective ◽  
Classical Realism

Abstract In traditional International Relations theory (IR), states have been approached from empiricist perspective by using methods and terminologies that consider states as homogeneous ‘speaking billiard balls’, which compete for power, prestige and so forth with each other. This article does not argue that traditional paradigms of IR (such as Classical Realism or Neorealism) would not count any more, vice versa, but what this article argues is that for being able to understand more deeply such topical social phenomena as terrorism, strategic communities, spread of nuclear weapons, nuclear policies, world order, NATO-enlargement, EU-integration, threat scenarios, enemy images an so forth, one has to adopt a more holistic, Constructivist social theoretical, approach than traditional IR offers. In this context Constructivism necessitates at least three things. Firstly, one has to explicitly clear out his/her ontological and epistemological points of departure for being able to operate with Constructivist social theory. In some occasions it may e.g. be necessary to deal with God’s and religions’ ontological and epistemological statuses as signifiers of interests, or as ‘root causes’ of behaviour of many social groups, communities and nations. Secondly, the state should be considered as a ‘decentred subject’ consisting of individuals, many sub-groups, organizational structure, institutions and especially identity structure, which has been purposefully constructed throughout the history (the endogenous perspective), and which is under constant reconstruction through domestic and international discursive interactions (the interactionist perspective). Thirdly, one should take into account that human communities and societies tend to habituate themselves into certain beliefs, values and modes of action that change very slowly over the course of history (the cultural perspective), despite increasing interactions.

scholarly journals Konseptualisasi dalam Gastro Diplomasi: Sebuah Diskusi Kontemporer dalam Hubungan Internasional

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Riski M. Baskoro
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Nation Branding ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Cultural Aspects

AbstractFood has a story and people are the sole object constructing the story. Food also has meaning for a community group,where tradition, customs, values, and geographical location will determine what kind of dish is placed in a servingdevice. In other words, food can not be separated from the cultural aspects of a community group, because of courseevery community or a nation has a distinctive style to the food and in the end can set the identity. The concept ofgastronomy is certainly not a rare and peculiar thing, but when it is combined with diplomacy, the story may bedifferent. A decade and a half ago, a leading weekly magazine raised the news about gastro diplomacy activities andmade International Relations scholars captivated to further interpret this concept. This paper will elaborate theconcepts, practices, and debates surrounding gastro diplomacy regarding disparities to similar concepts. In addition,this paper also tries to analyze the affiliation of gastro diplomacy with nation branding. The purpose of this paper isto provide a comprehensive overview of the concept of gastro diplomacy.Keywords: gastro diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, public diplomacy, nation branding AbstrakMakanan memiliki sebuah kisah dan manusia merupakan objek tunggal yang mengkonstruksi kisah itu. Makanan jugamemiliki makna bagi suatu kelompok masyarakat, dimana tradisi, adat istiadat, nilai-nilai sampai letak geografisakan menentukan hidangan jenis apa yang diletakan dalam sebuah peranti saji. Dengan kata lain, makanan tidak bisaterlepas dari aspek budaya suatu kelompok masyarakat, karena tentunya setiap kelompok masyarakat ataupun suatubangsa memiliki corak yang khas terhadap makanannya dan pada akhirnya dapat menata identitas. Konsep tentanggastronomi sudah tentu bukan hal langka dan ganjil, namun ketika ini dipadukan dengan diplomasi, ceritanya bisalain. Satu setengah dekade lalu, sebuah majalah mingguan terkemuka mengangkat berita tentang aktivitas gastrodiplomasi dan membuat para akademisi Hubungan Internasional terpikat untuk menginterpretasi lebih jauh konsepini. Tulisan ini akan mengelaborasi konsep, praktik, dan perdebatan seputar gastro diplomasi mengenai disparitasterhadap konsep-konsep yang serupa. Selain itu, tulisan ini juga mencoba menganalisis afiliasi gastro diplomasidengan nation branding. Tujuan dari tulisan ini untuk memberikan gambaran secara menyeluruh mengenai konsepgastro diplomasi.Kata-kata Kunci: Gastro Diplomasi, Diplomasi Kebudayaan, Diplomasi Publik, Nation Branding

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