scholarly journals Study on friction behavior at the interface between prosthetic socket and liner

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyang Xie ◽  
Xidong Liu ◽  
Jianhua Tang ◽  
Xi Li ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Friction Characteristics ◽  
Frictional Behavior ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Frictional Energy Dissipation

Purpose: The friction characteristics at the interface between prosthetic socket and liner have an important influence on the walking function and wearing comfort of amputees. The frictional behavior at the prosthetic socket/liner interface can provide theoretical guidance for the design and selection of prosthetic materials. So it is of great significance to study the friction behavior at prosthetic socket/liner interface. Methods: The surface roughnesses of the prosthetic socket and liner materials were measured by a laser confocal microscope. The frictional behavior at the prosthetic socket/liner interface was studied on a UMT TriboLab Tribometer by simulating the reciprocating sliding contact mode. An infrared camera was used to take thermal images and then calculated the temperature increase at the socket/liner interface. Results: The coefficient of friction of the silicon rubber fabric are significantly smaller than that of the foam liner materials. The frictional energy dissipation at the liner/acrylic socket interface is the smallest, while it is greater for 3D-printed socket materials. Meanwhile, the temperature increase has a positive correlation to the coefficient of friction and frictional energy dissipation. Conclusions: The three kinds of 3D-printed materials with high surface roughness have higher interface coefficient of friction and energy dissipation than acrylic material. The stiffness and energy consumption play an important role in the interface friction characteristics of the prosthetic liner materials. The appropriate coefficient of friction at the surface between prosthetic socket and liner is essential. A type of the reinforcement fiber has influence on the friction behavior of the 3D-printed reinforced nylon.

Paper 16: Friction in Wet Clutches

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (14) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Evans ◽  
J. Whittle
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Friction Characteristics ◽  
Sliding Surfaces ◽  
Base Oils ◽  
Wet Friction ◽  
Friction Clutch ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

This paper is intended to demonstrate that designers of wet clutches for power transmission can obtain the optimum friction characteristics for specific applications by considering the interaction between friction materials and lubricants. A friction clutch plate rig is described and the friction results obtained are presented. It is shown that a wide variation of coefficients of friction and frictional characteristics in wet friction clutches can be obtained by changing the oils and friction materials. In particular the coefficient of friction is dependent upon (1) the oil, (2) the materials of the sliding surfaces, (3) sliding speed, and (4) temperature. It is also shown that the coefficient of friction is affected by ( a) refining treatment given to the oil, ( b) different base oils, and ( c) additives.

Investigation of the friction behavior of plasma spray Mo/NiCrBSi coated brake discs

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
Halil Kılıç ◽  
Cenk Mısırlı ◽  
İbrahim Mutlu
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Plasma Spray ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Spray Process ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Nicrbsi Coating

Abstract This paper presents the findings of comparative research conducted to find out the braking performance of a Mo/NiCrBSi coated automobile brake disc. The friction and wear behavior of the Mo/NiCrBSi coating (CD) used for the disc material was evaluated using a laboratory scale disc-pad dynamometer and compared with a reference disc (RD). The coating was deposited by means of the atmospheric plasma spray process on a grey cast iron substrate. Braking tests were performed according to the SAE-J2430 test standard. Disc microstructures were characterized by SEM and XRD. It was found that the bonding strength was good with an infinite rating between the accumulated coating layer and the substrate. The results show that the coated brake disc has a comparable coefficient of friction and that the amount of wear is lower than that of the reference disc. The addition of ductile phases to the disc coating was beneficial in reducing the coefficient of friction to an acceptable degree and also effectively improving wear resistance.

scholarly journals Friction Behavior of Pre-Damaged Wet-Running Multi-Plate Clutches in an Endurance Test

Lubricants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Thomas Schneider ◽  
Katharina Voelkel ◽  
Hermann Pflaum ◽  
Karsten Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Endurance Tests

Wet-running multi-plate clutches should be prevented from failing due to the often safety-relevant functions they fulfill in the drive train. In addition to long-term damage, spontaneous damage is of particular relevance for failures. This paper focuses on the influence of spontaneous damage on frictional behavior in the later life cycle. The aim of the experimental investigations is to initially cause spontaneous damage in wet-running multi-plate clutches with sintered friction linings. For this purpose, three clutches are first pre-damaged in stage tests with different intensities, so that the first spontaneous damage (local discoloration, sinter transfer) occurs. In the second step, an endurance test is carried out with the pre-damaged clutch packs and a non-pre-damaged reference clutch. The friction behavior of the clutches during the endurance test is compared and evaluated. It shows that local discoloration and sinter transfer are no longer visible after the endurance tests. At the beginning of the endurance test, the values of coefficient of friction are higher over the entire speed range of the heavily pre-damaged clutches than with the slightly pre-damaged clutch and the non-pre-damaged reference clutch. At the end of the endurance test, it can be observed that the greater the pre-damage to the clutches is, the greater the coefficient of friction increases with decreasing sliding speed.

Friction studies of metal surfaces with various 3D printed patterns tested in dry sliding conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Holovenko ◽  
M Antonov ◽  
L Kollo ◽  
I Hussainova
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Surface Patterns ◽  
Aisi 316 ◽  
Aisi 316 L ◽  
Stainless Steel Aisi

In recent years, 3D scanning and printing of plastics has rapidly matured while printing of metallic parts is only gaining popularity due to required refinements of technology combined with cost- and resources effectiveness for the main components of printers and consumables. The 3D printing allows producing complicated shapes that can be hardly produced by conventional mechanical tools and can provide the functionalization of surfaces. In this work, several different stainless steel (AISI 316 L) surface patterns (flat, gecko’s fibrils, dimples, pyramids, mushrooms, mesh, brush, inclined brush) intended for controlling the coefficient of friction were printed with the help of a 3D metal printer by selective laser melting technique. Unidirectional sliding tests were performed with pin-on-disc configuration. Sliding velocity of 5 × 10−3 m/s and continuously increasing load ranged from 5 to 103 N has been applied in the course of “scanning” mode and accompanied by simultaneous recording of the coefficient of friction. A stainless steel (AISI 316) disc counterbody was used in this series of the tests. It was found that the 3D printed structures allow to control the value and stability of the coefficient of friction in a wide range of loads. Microstructural analysis of the worn samples was performed to support the conclusions regarding wear mechanism.

Multiscale Modeling of Frictional Behavior of Highly-Ordered Carbon Nanotube/Ceramic Nanocomposites

2006 ◽  
Vol 978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhai Xia ◽  
William A Curtin ◽  
Pradeep Guduru
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Frictional Behavior ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Cnt Arrays ◽  
Ceramic Nanocomposites

AbstractMicromechanics model incorporating with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is developed to simulate the frictional behavior of carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays in ceramic nanocomposites. MD model is used to compute the interaction force and simulate failure mechanisms of individual nanotube at atomic length scale. The force and deformation calculated from MD simulation are passed to the continuum model to simulate the interaction between nanotube arrays and AFM tips. The coefficient of friction is determined at different load levels. The simulation shows that the low friction in the thick-wall CNT systems occurs because the stiffer CNTs are more resistant to collapse under the applied loads. The predictions for the coefficient of friction are consistent with nanoscale tests.

A Fundamental Study on Derailment of Wheel Flange Under Rolling-Sliding and Pure Sliding Conditions

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Ziaur Rahman ◽  
Takumi Ban ◽  
Hideshi Kakishima ◽  
Takashi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Solid Lubricant ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

A newly developed full scale wheel-rail contact testing machine is used to obtain detailed data on flange climb behavior with covering various loads and displacements at the wheel flange and rail contact under both rolling-sliding and pure sliding conditions. The effects of different surface roughness of the wheel flange on coefficient of friction at the contact point in wheel flange climb mechanism were investigated. A correlation between different state of the interface (i.e. surface of dry, wet, rust, oily and different lubricated condition by solid lubricant) and wheel flange surface roughness with rail were drawn. The coefficient of friction was significantly influenced in pure sliding conditions than that of rolling-sliding conditions by the degree of the asperities on the wheel flange surface. Moreover, solid lubricant showed better performance to reduce coefficient of friction. However, the rust on the rail surfaces was one of the important factors to destabilize the friction behavior.

Effect of Directionality of Grinding Marks on Friction at Different Surface Roughness Using Inclined Scratch Test

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep L. Menezes ◽  
Kishore ◽  
Satish V. Kailas
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Layer Formation ◽  
Transfer Layer ◽  
Frictional Behavior ◽  
Mating Surface ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Angle Effect ◽  
Scratch Tests

Surface topography of a tool plays an important role as it predominantly controls the frictional behavior at the interface. In the present study, Inclined Scratch Tester was used to understand the effect of directionality of surface grinding marks on coefficient of friction and transfer layer formation. EN8 steel flats were ground to attain different surface roughness with unidirectional grinding marks. Then Al-Mg alloy pins were scratched against the prepared EN8 steel flats. Grinding angle (angle between direction of scratch and grinding marks) was varied between 0° and 90° during the scratch tests. It was observed that the coefficient of friction and transfer layer formation depend primarily on the directionality of grinding marks of the harder mating surface, and independent of surface roughness of harder mating surface. The grinding angle effect on coefficient of friction was attributed to the variation of plowing component of friction with grinding angle.

scholarly journals Wear of Fluorapatite Single Crystals : II. Frictional Behavior

1972 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Powers ◽  
R.G. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Frictional Behavior ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

The frictional behavior of natural fluorapatite single crystals under sliding was evaluated. Strain rate did not influence the coefficient of friction. Low and high regimes of friction were related to the amount of penetration; higher values of friction were associated with deeper penetration.

scholarly journals Molecular Dynamics Study on the Tribological Properties of Phosphorene/Polyethylene Composites

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Peng ◽  
Jiahao Li ◽  
Xianqiong Tang ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Xuanzhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Friction Force ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tangential Velocity ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
Abrasion Rate ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of phosphorene in enhancing the friction behaviors of polyethylene using molecular dynamics. A sliding model was constructed to investigate the coefficient of friction and abrasion rate of composites by applying a tangential velocity on a rigid tip. Both the size and number of layers of phosphorene had positive effects on the friction force of composites but through different mechanisms. The former was because the interaction between phosphorene and polyethylene increased with the size of phosphorene, while the latter was through influencing the thermal transport across phosphorene and polyethylene interfaces. The rate of improvement decreased with the increased layer number of phosphorene due to the fact that the phosphorene tended to congregate together and thus formed multi-layer agglomerates. The friction behavior of the composites was highly anisotropic because of the high divergence of potential-energy on the phosphorene surface. These findings have provided insights into enhancing the friction behavior of polymer filled by phosphorene.

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