scholarly journals Effect of Different Planting Techniques and Weeding on Machine Field Capacity and Yield of a Mixed Cropping Small-Holder Farm

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Folasayo FAYOSE ◽  
Adesoji OLANIYAN ◽  
Babatope ALABADAN ◽  
Ayodele FAJIMI ◽  
Kayode OGUNLEYE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Capacity ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Small Holder

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial opportunity of mechanical rice transplanting service for small holder farmer in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-239
Author(s):  
AKMS Islam ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
SR Das ◽  
TK Saha ◽  
MR Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Gap Filling ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunity ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
Soil Settlement ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Selection Of

Mechanical rice transplanting is gaining attention to the Bangladeshi farmers. However, service business on mechanical rice seedlings transplanting has not yet been developed due to various reasons. The 4-row walking type transplanter (model DP488) was operated in 54 farmer’s field at Ghaghatpara, Rangpur  Sadar and Kaliganjpara, Pairaband, Rangpur in late boro 2016 season to explore the entrepreneurial opportunity of commercial mechanical rice transplanting service for small holder farmer in Bangladesh. The field capacity and field efficiency of rice transplanter was obtained 0.15 ha hr-1 and 75%, respectively. Field capacity depended on the size and shape of the plots. Small plots having less than 250 m2 should be avoided for 4-row walking type rice transplanter to get the good machine performance. Fuel consumption was obtained 4 L ha-1 and varied over plot size, soil settlement time, presence of obstacle, plot to plot travelling distance and operator’s skill. Scattered plots increased travelling distance hence fuel consumption raised and reduced daily area coverage. Soil setting time should be allowed for 12-24 hrs for satisfactory machine performance. Mechanical transplanting took 18 man-hr ha-1 whereas mat loading, machine transport and cleaning took 1.6 man-hr ha-1 labors. Depending on the combination of seedling density in tray and density settings in machine the tray requirement varies from 153 ha-1to 222 ha-1. Tray distribution was observed as 90% in transplanting, 6% in gap filling and 4% pocket area. Gap filling by manual labor required 18-20 man-hr ha-1. Time distribution depended on managerial combination and relation between transplanting team and farmers. Seed rate showed negative correlation with seedlings population in tray and positive correlation with seedlings mortality. Number of turning events in plots can be minimized by selecting larger plot and operating transplanter in length-wise. Increasing daily coverage, minimizing fuel consumption and selection of sensible consumer group can draw good return from marginal input and establish business in secure environment.Progressive Agriculture 28 (3): 230-239, 2017

AN IMPROVED METHOD TO STUDY SOLUTE LEACHING IN LARGE UNDISTURBED SOIL COLUMNS NEAR FIELD CAPACITY TOWARD THE GROUNDWATER IN VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Cristian PĂLTINEANU ◽  
◽  
Andrei VRINCEANU ◽  
Anca-Rovena LĂCĂTUȘU ◽  
Radu LĂCĂTUŞU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Solute Leaching

Field Capacity Approximation Based on the Moisture-Transmitting Properties of the Soil1

1954 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Hanks ◽  
W. E. Holmes ◽  
C. B. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Field Capacity

Soil Moisture Deficits in South-Central Sweden

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Interannual Variations ◽  
Neutron Probe ◽  
South Central ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Moisture Fluxes ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Probe Measurements ◽  
Different Parts

Some commonly used assumptions about climatically induced soil moisture fluxes within years and between different parts of a region were challenged with the help of a conceptual soil moisture model. The model was optimised against neutron probe measurements from forest and grassland sites. Five 10 yrs and one 105 yrs long climatic records, from the province of Östergötland, situated in south-central Sweden, were used as driving variables. It was concluded that some of the tested assumptions should not be taken for granted. Among these were the beliefs that interannual variations of soil moisture contents can be neglected in the beginning of the hydrological year and that soils usually are filled up to field capacity after the autumn recharge. The calculated climatic induced dryness was estimated to be rather insensitive to the choice of climatic stations within the region. Monthly ranges of soil moisture deficits (1883-1987) were shown to be skewed and it is therefore recommended to use medians and standard deviations in statistical analyses of “normal” ranges of soil moisture deficits.

Design and development of manually operated gladiolus planter

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
TAPAN K. KHURA ◽  
H. L. KUSHWAHA ◽  
SATISH D LANDE ◽  
PKSAHOO . ◽  
INDRA L . KUSHWAHA
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Maximum Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Immense Potential

Floriculture is an age-old farming activity in India having immense potential for generating selfemployment and income to farmers. However, the cost of cultivation of flower is high as compared to cereal crop. Level of mechanization for different field operations is one but foremost reason for the higher cost of cultivation. As most of the Indian farmers are marginal and small, a need for manually operated gladiolus planter was felt. The geometric properties of gladiolus corm were determined for designing the seed metering system and seed hopper of the planter. The planter was evaluated in the field when pulled by two persons as a power source and guided by a person. The coefficient of variation and highest deviation from the mean spacing was observed as 12.93% and 2.65cm respectively. The maximum coefficient of uniformity of 90.59% was observed for a nominal corm spacing of 15cm at 0.56 kmh-1 forward speed. An average MISS percentage was observed as 2.65 and 2.25 for nominal corm spacing of 15 and 20 cm. The multiple index was zero for two levels corm spacing and forward speed of operation. The QFI was found in the range of 97.2 and 97.9 percent. The average field capacity of the planter was observed as 0.02 hah-1.The average draft requirement of the planter was found as 821 ± 50.3 N.

Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Poplar Plants to Drought Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARADHNA KUMARI ◽  
IM KHAN ◽  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Poplar clone Kranti was selected to assess the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses under drought at different levels of water stress, as it is a common clone used to be grown in Uttarakhand for making paper and plywood. The cuttings of Populus deltoides L. (clone Kranti) were exposed to four different watering regimes (100, 75, 50 and 25% of the field capacity) and changes in physiological and biochemical parameters related with drought tolerance were recorded. Alterations in physiological (i.e. decrease in relative water content) and biochemical parameters (i.e. increase in proline and soluble sugar content and build-up of malondialdehyde by-products) occurred in all the three levels of water stress, although drought represented the major determinant. Drought treatments (75%, 50% and 25% FC) decreased plant height, radial stem diameter, harvest index, total biomass content and RWC in all the three watering regimes compared to control (100% FC). Biochemical parameters like proline, soluble sugar and MDA content increased with severity and duration of stress, which helped plants to survive under severe stress. It was analyzed that for better wood yield poplar seedlings should avail either optimum amount of water (amount nearly equal to field capacity of soil) or maximum withdrawal up to 75% of field capacity up to seedling establishment period (60 days). Furthermore, this study manifested that acclimation to drought stress is related with the rapidity, severity, and duration of the drought event of the poplar species.

Impact Analysis of the Mechanization Program for Tribal Paddy Farmers of Goa

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHALA JULIET GUPTA ◽  
ASHISH M. PITRE ◽  
SUMATI CHAVAN PANDURNAG ◽  
SALONI SALIL VANJARI
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Significant Saving ◽  
Manual Methods ◽  
Paddy Farmers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

This paper assessed the impact of the mechanization of the 8 tribal paddy farmers’ groups of Goa benefited in the year 2011 through the Tribal sub-plan program of ICAR-CCARI through results of surveys conducted in 2012 and 2015. Shift to mechanization among beneficiaries was significant in power tillers (64-100%) but less in power reapers(0-91%). Also significant saving in manpower (Power tillers:33.3% to 60%, power reapers: 33.3% to 83.3%), , time (field capacity increased (power tillers : 41.7% to141%, power reapers :58.1% to 912.8%) and cost(power tillers :44.7% to 59.1%, power reapers : 57.8% to 82.9%) was reportedthrough the use of equipment as compared to desi plough or manual methods of harvesting. Some constraints like lack of access roads and training in use and maintenance of the equipment were reported by the beneficiary farmers.

PROPERTIES IMPROVEMENT AND HYDROPHOBICITY PREVENTION OF PEAT SOIL IN OIL PALM PLANTATION THROUGH STEEL SLAG APPLICATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Winarna Winarna ◽  
Iput Pradiko ◽  
Muhdan Syarovy ◽  
Fandi Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels

Development of oil palm plantation on peatland was faced with hydrophobicity problem caused by over drained. Hydrophobicity could reduce water retention and nutrient availability in the peat soil. Beside of proper water management application, addition of soil ameliorant which contain iron could increase stability and improve peat soil fertility. The study was conducted to obtain the effect of steel slag on peat soil properties and hydrophobicity. In this study, peat soil was incorporated with steel slag and incubated in 60 days period. The research was employed completely randomized design (CRD) factorial 2 x 2 x 4. First factor is peat maturity consists of two levels: sapric (S) and hemic (H), while the second factor is soil moisture which also consist of two levels: field capacity (W1) and dry (under the critical water content) (W2). The third factor is steel slag dosage which consist of four levels: 0 g pot (TB0), 7.17 g pot (TB1), 14.81 g -1 -1 pot (TB2), and 22.44 g pot (TB3). The result showed that application of steel slag significantly increase of soil pH, ash content, and water retention at pF 4.2. Furthermore, application of steel slag significantly reduce time for water reabsorption (wettability) in sapric. On the other hand, there are negative corellation between water penetration and soil pH, ash content, and water retention at pF 4.2. Overall, application of steel slag could increase wettability and prevent peat soil hydrophobicity.

scholarly journals 101 Evaluation of Growth Curve Functions for predicted weight in small holder crossbred dairy cattle in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 79-80
Author(s):  
Chinyere Ekine ◽  
Raphael Mrode ◽  
Edwin Oyieng ◽  
Daniel Komwihangilo ◽  
Gilbert Msuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Nonlinear Least Squares ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Two Parameter

Abstract Modelling the growth curve of animals provides information on growth characteristics and is important for optimizing management in different livestock systems. This study evaluated the growth curves of crossbred calves from birth to 30 months of age in small holder dairy farms in Tanzania using a two parameter (exponential), four different three parameters (Logistic, von Bertalanffy, Brody, Gompertz), and three polynomial functions. Predicted weights based on heart girth measurements of 623 male and 846 female calves born between 2016 and 2019 used in this study were from the African Dairy Genetic Gains (ADGG) project in selected milk sheds in Tanzania, namely Tanga, Kilimanjaro, Arusha, Iringa, Njomba and Mbeya. Each function was fitted separately to weight measurement of males and females adjusted for the effect of ward and season of birth using the nonlinear least squares (nls) functions in R statistical software. The Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) were used for model comparison. Based on these criteria, all three polynomial and four parameter functions performed better and did not differ enough from each other in both males and females compared to the two-parameter exponential model. Predicted weight varied among the models and differed between males and females. The highest estimated weight was observed in the Brody model for both males (278.09 kg) and females (264.10 kg). Lowest estimated weight was observed in the exponential model. Estimated growth rate varied among models. For males, it ranged from 0.04 kg-0.08 kg and for females, from 0.05 kg-0.09 kg in the Brody model and logistic model respectively. Predictive ability across all fitted curves was low, ranging from 25% to approximately 29%. This could be due to the huge range of breed compositions in the evaluated crossbred calves which characterizes small holder dairy farms in this system and different levels of farm management.

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