The Making Of Capital City Tourism In South Africa

Tourism Review International ◽

10.3727/154427221x16245632411863 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Christian M. Rogerson ◽

Jayne M. Rogerson

Keyword(s):

Small Body ◽

Global South ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Capital City ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Capital Cities ◽

Documentary Sources ◽

Tourism Product ◽

City Tourism ◽

Sub Saharan

Capital city tourism is a significant theme for urban tourism scholarship. Existing international research on capital city tourism mainly concentrates on the global North. For the global South as a whole limited research examines capital cities as tourism destinations and for sub-Saharan Africa scholarship is minimal. This study contributes to the small body of writings that interrogate capital city tourism in the global South. Further, it marks a departure from the mainstream research focus on contemporary issues of capital city tourism by adopting an historical perspective on capital city tourism. Using a range of archival and documentary sources the analysis highlights the making of South Africa’s capital city as a tourism destination. Under scrutiny is the historical evolution and changing character of tourism in Pretoria over a period of a half century from 1920 to 1975. It is shown that the distinctiveness of Pretoria’s early tourism products were a reflection of its capital status. Definition of the tourism product base and its promotion were facilitated by the activities undertaken by national government promotion and the local Pretoria Publicity Association. An historical challenge for tourism development was the poor quality of local hotels, which were at a standard below international norms until at least the late 1960s. The difficulties of the accommodation services sector were compounded by the enactment of apartheid legislation from 1948 onwards, which required the existence of hotels as racialized and segregated spaces.

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Quality of care in the free maternal healthcare era in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review of providers’ and managers’ perceptions

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03701-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Monica Ansu-Mensah ◽

Frederick Inkum Danquah ◽

Vitalis Bawontuo ◽

Peter Ansu-Mensah ◽

Tahiru Mohammed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Care ◽

Research Question ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Healthcare Financing ◽

Maternal Healthcare ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Free maternal healthcare financing schemes play an essential role in the quality of services rendered to clients during antenatal care in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, healthcare managers’ and providers’ perceptions of the healthcare financing scheme may influence the quality of care. This scoping review mapped evidence on managers’ and providers’ perspectives of free maternal healthcare and the quality of care in SSA. Methods We used Askey and O’Malley’s framework as a guide to conduct this review. To address the research question, we searched PubMed, CINAHL through EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar with no date limitation to May 2019 using keywords, Boolean terms, and Medical Subject Heading terms to retrieve relevant articles. Both abstract and full articles screening were conducted independently by two reviewers using the inclusion and exclusion criteria as a guide. All significant data were extracted, organized into themes, and a summary of the findings reported narratively. Results In all, 15 out of 390 articles met the inclusion criteria. These 15 studies were conducted in nine countries. That is, Ghana (4), Kenya (3), and Nigeria (2), Burkina Faso (1), Burundi (1), Niger (1), Sierra Leone (1), Tanzania (1), and Uganda (1). Of the 15 included studies, 14 reported poor quality of maternal healthcare from managers’ and providers’ perspectives. Factors contributing to the perception of poor maternal healthcare included: late reimbursement of funds, heavy workload of providers, lack of essential drugs and stock-out of medical supplies, lack of policy definition, out-of-pocket payment, and inequitable distribution of staff. Conclusion This study established evidence of existing literature on the quality of care based on healthcare providers’ and managers’ perspectives though very limited. This study indicates healthcare providers and managers perceive the quality of maternal healthcare under the free financing policy as poor. Nonetheless, the free maternal care policy is very much needed towards achieving universal health, and all efforts to sustain and improve the quality of care under it must be encouraged. Therefore, more research is needed to better understand the impact of their perceived poor quality of care on maternal health outcomes.

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Comparative Area Studies and the Study of the Global South

Vestnik RUDN International Relations ◽

10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-2-279-287 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 279-287

Author(s):

Rudra Sil ◽

Ariel I. Ahram

Keyword(s):

Social Science ◽

Science Inquiry ◽

Global South ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Theory Building ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽

Area Studies ◽

Wide Range ◽

Range Theory ◽

Sub Saharan

Comparative Area Studies (CAS) offers a template to bring the Global South back into the foreground of social science inquiry. CAS urges researchers to grapple directly with empirical variations derived from across the seemingly different global regions. CAS offers three comparative modes: intra-regional, cross-regional, and trans-regional. A number of scholars have used CAS’s comparative rubrics, even without knowing about the wider CAS agenda and program. CAS unsettles assumptions about discrete, fixed “regional” or civilizational blocks as well as about nomothetic theory-building aimed at universal or general laws. At the same time, CAS engages in the idea of medium-range theory-building, focusing empirical rigor and induction in order to create concepts and analyses that are portable yet contextualized. These macro-historical theories must be attentive to spatial and temporal variation in the social world. Claims of universalism are suspect. For the study of the Global South, in particular, CAS provides a path for aggregating and leveraging the wide range of observations and interpretations area specialists have to offer on regions as diverse as South Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa. CAS thus changes the division of labor within social science to allow greater input for scholarship derived from and originating in the developing world.

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Business experience of floods and drought-related water and electricity supply disruption in three cities in sub-Saharan Africa during the 2015/2016 El Niño

Global Sustainability ◽

10.1017/sus.2018.14 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kate Elizabeth Gannon ◽

Declan Conway ◽

Joanna Pardoe ◽

Mukelabai Ndiyoi ◽

Nnyaladzi Batisani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

El Niño ◽

El Nino ◽

Load Shedding ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Supply Disruption ◽

Capital Cities ◽

El Niño Event ◽

Major Disruption ◽

Precipitation Anomalies ◽

Sub Saharan

Non-technical summaryThe El Niño event in 2015/2016 was one of the strongest since at least 1950. Through surveys and interviews with key informants, we found businesses in the capital cities of Zambia, Botswana and Kenya experienced major disruption to their activities from El Niño related hydroelectric load shedding, water supply disruption and flooding, respectively. Yet, during the 2015/2016 El Niño, fluctuations in precipitation were not extreme considering the strength of the El Niño event. Results therefore highlight that even fairly moderate precipitation anomalies can contribute to major disruption to economic activity. Addressing the risk of disruption – and supporting the private sector to adapt – is a development priority.

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Trends and inequalities in the nutritional status of adolescent girls and adult women in sub-Saharan Africa since 2000: a cross-sectional series study

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002948 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. e002948

Author(s):

Safia S Jiwani ◽

Giovanna Gatica-Domínguez ◽

Inacio Crochemore-Silva ◽

Abdoulaye Maïga ◽

Shelley Walton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Capital City ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Adult Women ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sub Saharan

IntroductionEvidence on the rate at which the double burden of malnutrition unfolds is limited. We quantified trends and inequalities in the nutritional status of adolescent girls and adult women in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsWe analysed 102 Demographic and Health Surveys between 1993 and 2017 from 35 countries. We assessed regional trends through cross-sectional series analyses and ran multilevel linear regression models to estimate the average annual rate of change (AARC) in the prevalence of underweight, anaemia, anaemia during pregnancy, overweight and obesity among women by their age, residence, wealth and education levels. We quantified current absolute inequalities in these indicators and wealth-inequality trends.ResultsThere was a modest decline in underweight prevalence (AARC=−0.14 percentage points (pp), 95% CI −0.17 to -0.11). Anaemia declined fastest among adult women and the richest pregnant women with an AARC of −0.67 pp (95% CI −1.06 to -0.28) and −0.97 pp (95% CI −1.60 to -0.34), respectively, although it affects all women with no marked disparities. Overweight is increasing rapidly among adult women and women with no education. Capital city residents had a threefold more rapid rise in obesity (AARC=0.47 pp, 95% CI 0.39, 0.55), compared with their rural counterparts. Absolute inequalities suggest that Ethiopia and South Africa have the largest gap in underweight (15.4 pp) and obesity (28.5 pp) respectively, between adult and adolescent women. Regional wealth inequalities in obesity are widening by 0.34 pp annually.ConclusionUnderweight persists, while overweight and obesity are rising among adult women, the rich and capital city residents. Adolescent girls do not present adverse nutritional outcomes except anaemia, remaining high among all women. Multifaceted responses with an equity lens are needed to ensure no woman is left behind.

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Regulation of Sexuality in the Global South

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1183 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michelle L. Dion

Keyword(s):

Civil Rights ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Global South ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Social Rights ◽

Same Sex ◽

Lgbt Rights ◽

Early 21St Century ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Regional Leaders

Government regulation of sexuality includes prohibitions on same-sex intimacy, formation of families, and related rights of LGBT+ people due to their sexual orientation or gender identities. Countries in the Global South tend to lag behind those in the Global North in the recognition of LGBT+ rights, which overall tend to expand incrementally over time in response to LGBT+ activism, diffusion of international norms, and national economic, political and social context. Basic civil rights, including legalization of same-sex intimacy and marriage, are often a necessary precondition for LGBT+ access to the political right to organize and mobilize as an interest group as well as other social rights, such as health care and parental rights. In the developing world, Argentina and South Africa have been regional leaders in LGBT+ rights, and Latin America countries have tended to broaden protections earlier than countries at similar levels of development in Sub-Saharan Africa or Asia. Overall, in the early 21st century, the landscape of LGBT+ civil rights changed rapidly, while some political and social rights still lag behind.

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How big is the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield gap in Sub-Saharan Africa and why? A participatory approach

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2018-0019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 180-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Dieudonné Harahagazwe ◽

Bruno Condori ◽

Carolina Barreda ◽

Astère Bararyenya ◽

Arinaitwe Abel Byarugaba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Management Practices ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Experimental Information ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Yield Gap ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Sub Saharan

Abstract According to potato experts from ten Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries working together in a community of practice (CoP) over a 3-years period, potato farmers across SSA can increase their current annual production of 10.8 million metric tons by 140% if they had access to high quality seed along with improved management practices. This paper describes this innovative new methodology tested on potato for the first time, combining modelling and a comprehensive online survey through a CoP. The intent was to overcome the paucity of experimental information required for crop modelling. Researchers, whose data contributed to estimating model parameters, participated in the study using Solanum, a crop model developed by the International Potato Center (CIP). The first finding was that model parameters estimated through participatory modelling using experts’ knowledge were good approximations of those obtained experimentally. The estimated yield gap was 58 Mg ha-1, of which 35 corresponded to a research gap (potential yield minus research yield) and 24 to farmers’ gap (research yield minus farmer’s yield). Over a 6-month period, SurveyMonkey, a Web-based platform was used to assess yield gap drivers. The survey revealed that poor quality seed and bacterial wilt were the main yield gap drivers as perceived by survey respondents.

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P5712Research Network in Africa (RNA): quality assessment of antihypertensive generic drugs in 10 African countries

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0653 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

D Macquart De Terline ◽

P Zabsonre ◽

D Balde ◽

S Ikama ◽

R N Guetta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Assessment ◽

Active Ingredient ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Generic Drugs ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

African Countries ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The Impact ◽

Percentage Ratio

Abstract Introduction Hypertension results in more deaths than any other risk factor and has been on the rise in Sub-Saharan Africa over the past few decades. Generic drugs have helped improve accessibility and affordability of antihypertensive therapy in developing countries. However, assessment of quality standards of these products is important. Purpose We performed a quality assessment of five commonly used antihypertensive generic drugs in ten Sub-Saharan African countries and studied the impact of price on quality. Methods Drug samples were prospectively collected using standardized methods between 2012 and 2014. We developed a validated reversed-phase liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method to accurately quantify the active ingredient in a certified public laboratory. Quality was defined based on the percentage ratio of measured to expected dosage of active ingredient. Results A total of 1185 samples were assessed, of which 70.0% were generic (n=830). Among the generic drugs, the percentage of poor quality drugs was 24.3% (n=202/830). The percentage ratio of measured to expected dosage of active ingredient ranged from 49.2% to 111.3%; the majority (81.7%) of the poor quality samples had insufficient quantity of the active ingredient. Moreover, poor quality was not associated with purchase price of the drug. Conclusion In this study from ten Sub-Saharan African countries, nearly one-quarter of the available generic antihypertensive drugs were found to be of poor quality. Concerted measures to improve the quality of antihypertensive drugs could lead to major improvements in hypertension control with attendant reduction of its deleterious consequences in low and middle income countries. Figure 1. Percentage of poor quality in generic antihypertensive drugs according to the country of purchase. Acknowledgement/Funding Grant AAP-2014-042, ANSM (Agence Nationale Sécurité du Médicament

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An E-Classification of the World's Capital Cities

Digital Economy ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-363-0.ch010 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 200-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stanley D. Brunn

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Web Sites ◽

Western Europe ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Capital Cities ◽

Poor Countries ◽

Humanitarian Organizations ◽

Tourism Information ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

City States

The world’s capital cities perform various political functions for their populations, contain embassies, consulates, and missions of other governments, and serve as headquarters for major corporations, cultural, and humanitarian organizations. While social scientists have classified major cities based on population size, number of corporate headquarters, banks, and airline connections, the emergence of ICTs suggests additional criteria. I use the number of URL references to Web sites listed in the Google search engine for 199 world capitals and classify them into five distinct categories. Small, prosperous city-states and major capitals in Western Europe and North America have the most hyperlinks. The fewest are for capitals in poor, rural Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Capitals with multiple government offices, strong ICT economies and dominant tourist economies have the most hyperlinks per capita. These are mostly in wealthy Europe and North America. The lowest values are among African and Asian capitals in poor countries and those with repressive regimes. Major news items, embassy, financial, and tourism information are major themes on web pages. Additional research topics are suggested.

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Conclusion

On Infertile Ground ◽

10.18574/nyu/9781479873432.003.0007 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 149-158

Author(s):

Jade S. Sasser

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Social Justice ◽

Young People ◽

Global South ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Everyday Lives ◽

The Social ◽

Youth Population ◽

Sub Saharan

The concluding chapter turns to the questions and observations that initially motivated this project: the role of women in sub-Saharan Africa, whom population advocates claim to represent. It raises questions about the links between contemporary investment in global South girls, instrumental gender and climate change solutions, and sexual stewardship, demonstrating how development-led concepts of women’s agency elide the contexts of their everyday lives. It concludes, not by offering solutions, but by fretting over the role of youth population advocacy, the politics and possibilities of their engagements with this work, raising questions about whether and how young people can transform populationist ideas into something closer to the social justice they seek.

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