scholarly journals Ageing of Some Painting Materials Subjected to Thermal Treatment in Natural Esters

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Traian Rus ◽  
Alina Ruxana Caramitu ◽  
Livia Carmen Ungureanu ◽  
Virgil Marinescu ◽  
Adriana Mariana Bors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Copper Foil ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Paint Layer ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
Insulating Paper ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
Materials Used

This paper describes the evaluation of the aging process of some polymeric painting materials subjected to a thermal treatment in electro insulating fluids, based on natural esters (vegetable oils). The paint layers surface morphology was comparatively characterized by FESEM technique, prior to the exposure, and after 1000 h of exposure to vegetable oil, heated at 130oC. The results show a substantial increase in the pulling resistances for all the painting materials subjected to this investigation, especially in the presence of the Kraft insulating paper and copper foil (inserted compulsory to emulate the actual working environment), due to an increase in the painting material adhesion, as well as an increase of the tensile strength of the paint layer. These findings may open new theoretical and practical research prospects, particularly in the field of preliminary treatments for materials used for heavy duty industrial transformers.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Materials and Techniques in First Archaeological Findings of Nasca Wall Paintings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Boucherie ◽  
Witold Nowik ◽  
Nathalie Pingaud
Keyword(s):  
Paint Layer ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
Yellow Ochre ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract The pre-Colombian wall paintings in Peru were already known from north and central coast sites, but little information exists on the southern coast corresponding to the Nasca region. The recent excavations on Cahuachi site supplied fragments of plaster with paint layers found near Great Pyramide, corresponding to phases III and IV of the construction of the site, and dating back to the Early Intermediate Period (from 200 BC to 350 AD). A series of fragments from three locations from these two respective periods were transferred directly from the excavation to the laboratory and analysed. A panel of observation and analysis methods was applied in order to describe the stratigraphy and materials used for these paintings, with special attention to the paint layer. The stratigraphy was observed by optical and electron microscopies and X-ray fluorescence, Raman and infrared spectroscopies were employed for elemental and molecular characterization of the plaster and paintings. The obtained results show the large use of iron oxides and copper based pigments, as well calcium sulfate, siliceous and clay materials and graphite. Although the most of pigments could be provided by local deposits, the provenience of graphite remains undetermined. The differences of painting materials between phases III and IV are related to the palette of colours and pigments. The colors for phase III seem limited to the red and yellow ochre pigments, unidentified black and gypsum white. During phase IV, additional pigments were identified such as: paratacamite, malachite and chrysocolla for greens, hematite for purple, graphite black and siliceous white, which replaced gypsum white. The paintings were sometimes applied in several layers separated or not by white coating layer. The painting materials and techniques identified on Cahuachi site, and especially the differences between the phases observed, constitute a new insight in the knowledge of wall painting tradition in Southern Peru.

scholarly journals Characterisation of materials and techniques in first archaeological findings of Nasca wall paintings

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Boucherie ◽  
Witold Nowik ◽  
Nathalie Pingaud
Keyword(s):  
Paint Layer ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
Great Pyramid ◽  
Yellow Ochre ◽  
Materials Used

AbstractThe pre-Colombian wall paintings in Peru were already known from north and central coast sites, but little information exists on the southern coast corresponding to the Nasca region. The recent excavations on Cahuachi site provided fragments of plaster with paint layers found near Great Pyramid, corresponding to phases III and IV of the construction of the site, and dating back to the Early Intermediate Period (from 200 BC to 350 AD). A series of fragments from three locations from these two respective periods were transferred directly from the excavation to the laboratory and analyzed. A panel of observation and analysis methods was applied in order to describe the stratigraphy and materials used for these paintings, with special attention to the paint layer. The stratigraphy was observed by optical and electron microscopies and X-ray fluorescence, Raman and infrared spectroscopies were employed for elemental and molecular characterization of the plaster and paintings. The obtained results show the large presence in painting layers of iron oxides and copper based pigments, as well as calcium sulfate, siliceous clay materials and graphite. Although most of these pigments could be provided by local deposits, the detection of graphite is probably linked to the use of charcoal. The variety of painting materials between phases III and IV are related to the palette of colours and pigments. The colours for phase III seem limited to the red and yellow ochre pigments, and unidentified black and gypsum white. During phase IV, additional pigments were identified such as: paratacamite, malachite and chrysocolla for greens, hematite for purple, charcoal and siliceous white, which replaced gypsum white. The paintings were sometimes applied in several layers and occasionally separated by a white coating layer. The painting materials and techniques identified on Cahuachi site, and especially the differences between the phases observed, constitute a new insight into the knowledge of wall painting tradition in Southern Peru.

Studies on the Behavior Some Paints in Electro-insulating Fluid Based on Vegetable Esters

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1139-1144
Author(s):  
Iosif Lingvay ◽  
Adriana Mariana Bors ◽  
Livia Carmen Ungureanu ◽  
Valerica Stanoi ◽  
Traian Rus
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
Insulating Paper ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mechanism And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Natural Ester

For the purpose of using three different types of painting materials for the inner protection of the transformer vats, their behavior was studied under actual conditions of operation in the transformer (thermal stress in electro-insulating fluid based on the natural ester in contact with copper for electro-technical use and electro-insulating paper). By comparing determination of the content in furans products (HPLC technique) and gases formed (by gas-chromatography) in the electro-insulating fluid (natural ester with high oleic content) thermally aged at 130 �C to 1000 hours in closed glass vessels, it have been found that the presence the investigated painting materials lead to a change in the mechanism and kinetics of the thermo-oxidation processes. These changes are supported by oxygen dissolved in oil, what leads to decrease both to gases formation CO2, CO, H2, CH4, C2H4 and C2H6) and furans products (5-HMF, 2-FOL, 2 -FAL and 2-ACF). The painting materials investigated during the heat treatment applied did not suffer any remarkable structural changes affecting their functionality in the electro-insulating fluid based on vegetable esters.

scholarly journals Investigation of Failure in Gas Turbines: Part 2 — Engineering and Metallographic Aspects of Failure Investigation

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Dundas
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Failure Investigation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Component Failures

This paper opens with a discussion of the various mechanisms of cracking and fracture encountered in gas turbine failures, and discusses the use of metallographic examination of crack and fracture surfaces. The various types of materials used in the major components of heavy-duty industrial and aeroderivative gas turbines are tabulated. A collection of macroscopic and microscopic fractographs of the various mechanisms of failure in gas turbine components is then presented for reference in failure investigation. A discussion of compressor damage due to surge, as well as some overall observations on component failures, follows. Finally, a listing of the most likely types of failure of the various major components is given.

Equipment for thermal process

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
D.V. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Thermal Process ◽  
New Products ◽  
Minimal Cost ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Thermal Equipment ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Vacuum Furnaces

The demand for efficient and qualitative thermal treatment makes certain requirements to the thermal equipment. The thermal equipment, that ideally corresponds to the assigned task of modern production facilities, is vacuum furnaces. The modern production requirements are the boundary conditions for the equipment manufacturers, focusing them on the need for all in one equipment capable of efficient wide production maneuvering, to ensure the possibility of developing and producing new products at minimal cost. As a result of practical research and development, focusing on the world experience and the real need for operation, the Sistem Teknik's article presents vacuum thermal equipment for multiple use – All in one. The equipment is controlled automatically, all parameters are regulated by the process master controller in compliance with the programmed cycle.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic study of an icon painted on wooden panel

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-393
Author(s):  
Sofija Stojanovic ◽  
Maja Gajic-Kvascev ◽  
Ljiljana Damjanovic
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Paint Layer ◽  
Blue Pigment ◽  
Blue Colour ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Green Earth ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Wooden Panel

Russian icon painted on wooden panel analyzed in this work is interesting for art historians because there is no precise information in which workshops it was made or who the author was. Similar icons are often found in churches and monasteries in our region. In order to obtain information about materials used for creation of investigated icon two micro-analytical techniques were used: Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Obtained results confirmed presence of following materials: lead-white, vermilion, minium, ultramarine, brown and green earth pigments and silver in combination with yellow organic varnish, which served to an iconographer for gilding. Ground layer was made of calcite. Blue pigment ultramarine was probably used for blue colour as well as for obtaining particulars hues in several parts of the paint layer. This can be important information for further research concerning particular workshop in which the icon was made. Identified materials are typical for Russian iconography of the 19th century.

scholarly journals Elaboration and pilot testing of a technology for production of sheet rolled products of cryogenic grade steels for liquidized natural gas storing

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-227
Author(s):  
I. F. Pemov ◽  
E. V. Yakushev ◽  
S. P. Zubov ◽  
A. A. Pridein ◽  
L. V. Prokopenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Cryogenic Equipment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Temperatures ◽  
Domestic Practice ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Nickel Manganese

The liquidized natural gas (LPG) as well as other liquidized gases, as oxygen, nitrogen, ethylene etc. are widely used in the today’s world economy. A perspective of LPG and liquidized gases application presented, foreign and domestic experience in production of materials, used for manufacturing tanks and reservoirs, intended for storing and transporting of LPG, considered. Influence of chemical composition of cryogenic steels on resistivity to fragile destruction at negative temperatures studied. Influence of various alloying elements, including nickel, manganese, chrome, molybdenum and other elements on operating properties of cryogenic steels were also studied. Specialists of JSC “Ural Steel” together with scientists of JSC “NPO “CNIITMASH” elaborated a comprehensive technology of industrial production of plates of cryogenic steels. Based on literature data, domestic practice of designing and manufacturing cryogenic equipment, specifications of the required application plates were elaborated and approved. The rolling of plates of wide range of thickness of pilot heat 0H6 steel was carried out. At present, the thermal treatment modes of the 0H6 steel rolled products are being adjusted.

Painted Decoration Studies in a Fourth Century BC Vergina Tomb

2007 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Pavlidou ◽  
A. Kyriakou ◽  
E. Mirtsou ◽  
L. Anastasiou ◽  
T. Zorba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Wooden Furniture

AbstractAegae, the first capital of the Macedonians, in Northern Greece, is being excavated since 1938. The most impressive finds come from the unlooted tombs of the Great Tumulus, where the grave of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great, was discovered. Not far from the Great Tumulus, in the “Tumuli cemetery”, the most ancient part of the graveyard (1000-700 B.C.), recent excavations brought to light three looted graves dated in the mid-fourth century B.C., with very interesting finds such as weapons, gilded wreaths, pieces of jewelry, remains of decoration of wooden furniture, ceramic vases broken in small pieces and wall paintings. This paper describes studies carried out on the binding and the painting materials used for the decoration of the above wall paintings and ceramic vases. The characterization was performed through Optical Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Microscopy (SEM-EDS). It was found that the fresco technique was used, while all the pigments were identified. The results are discussed and related with other findings in that period in the Greek area

Characterizing the Intrinsic Fluorescence Properties of Historical Painting Materials: The Case Study of a Sixteenth-Century Mesoamerican Manuscript

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Pottier ◽  
Anne Michelin ◽  
Christine Andraud ◽  
Fabrice Goubard ◽  
Bertrand Lavédrine
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Paint Layer ◽  
Intrinsic Fluorescence ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Fluorescent Properties ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
Intrinsic Emission

Ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) fluorescence spectroscopy is widely used to study polychrome objects and can help to identify the nature of certain materials when they present specific fluorescent properties. However, given the complexity of the stratified and heterogeneous materials under study, the characterization of an intrinsic fluorescence related to a given constituent (a pigment or a binder composing a paint layer for example) is not straightforward, and the recorded raw data need to be corrected for a number of effects that can influence the detected spectral distribution. The application of standard correction procedures to experimental fluorescence data gathered on the polychromatic surface of the Codex Borbonicus, a 16th-century Aztec manuscript, is described. The results are confronted to an alternate new methodology that is based on the hypothesis of transparent non-scattering paint layers. This second approach allows to establish more clearly the material origin of the detected emission and to discriminate apparent fluorescence (emitted by the substrate and transmitted through the paint layers) from actual intrinsic emission generated by the coloring materials under study. The results show that most of the various emission profiles detected in the paint layers of the manuscript actually originate from a unique fluorophore (composing the substrate) and should not be used to characterize the coloring materials.

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