The Use of a Synthetic Ceramic Graft Mixed with Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) in the  Treatment of Bone Defects.An experimental study

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of alloplatic graft and platelet rich fibrin (PRF) , alone or in combination, on bone regeneration in Wistar rats femural defects. Bone defects were prepared in adults male of 20 Wistar rats. In a group of ten, the defect was filled with synthetic ceramic graft as an alloplastic graft; the others 10 were grafted with this alloplastic graft mixed with PRF. All animals were sacrificed on the 90th postoperative day and the femural bones were removed, histologic sections were prepared and the experimental sites were examined microscopically. Histologic examination revealed more new bone formation in the defects filled with alloplastic graft mixed with PRF than in the defects grafted with alloplastic graft alone. The platelet rich fibrin combination effectively induces new bone formation.

Download Full-text

Retracted: New bone formation in bone defects after melatonin and porcine bone grafts: experimental study in rabbits

Clinical Oral Implants Research ◽

10.1111/clr.12364 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 399-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

José-Luis Calvo-Guirado ◽

Gerardo Gómez-Moreno ◽

José-Eduardo Maté-Sánchez ◽

Laura López-Marí ◽

Rafael Delgado-Ruiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Grafts ◽

Bone Defects ◽

New Bone Formation

Download Full-text

Histological Assessment of Bone Regeneration by Octacalcium Phosphate and Bone Matrix Gelatin Composites in a Rat Mandibular Defect Model

10.20944/preprints201801.0062.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Fereydoon Sargolzaei Aval ◽

Eshaghali Saberi ◽

Mohammad Reza Arab ◽

Narjes Sargolzaei ◽

Esmaeel Zare ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Octacalcium Phosphate ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Osteogenic Potential ◽

Control Group ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Mandibular Bone

Objective: Regeneration of bone defects remains a challenge for maxillofacial and reparative surgeons. The purpose of this histological study was to assess the osteogenic potential of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and bone matrix gelatin (BMG) alone and in combination in artificially created mandibular bone defects in rats. The quality of the newly formed bone was also evaluated. Methods: Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats (6-8 weeks old with 120-150 g weight) were randomly divided into four groups. Defects (3 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth) were created in the mandible of rats and filled with 6 mg of OCP, BMG or a combination of both (1/4 ratio), respectively. Defects were left unfilled in the control group. To assess osteoinduction and bone regeneration and determine the quality of the newly formed bone, tissue specimens were harvested at seven, 14, and 21 days post-implantation. The specimens were processed, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and histologically analyzed under light microscopy. Results: In the experimental groups, new bone formation was initiated at the margins of defects from seventh day after implantation. At the end of the study period, the amount of the newly formed bone increased and the bone was relatively mature. Osteoinduction and new bone formation were greater in OCP/BMG group. In the control group, slight amount of new bone had been formed at the defect margins (next to host bone) on day 21. Conclusion: Combination of OCP/BMG may serve as an optimal biomaterial for treatment of mandibular bone defects.

Download Full-text

Neutralized Dicalcium Phosphate and Hydroxyapatite Biphasic Bioceramics Promote Bone Regeneration in Critical Peri-Implant Bone Defects

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13040823 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 823 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hao-Hueng Chang ◽

Chun-Liang Yeh ◽

Yin-Lin Wang ◽

Kang-Kuei Fu ◽

Shang-Jye Tsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Dicalcium Phosphate ◽

Control Group ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Control Groups ◽

Fast Bone ◽

And Control ◽

Bone Coverage

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of bone regeneration in developed bioceramics composed of dicalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite (DCP/HA). Critical bony defects were prepared in mandibles of beagles. Defects were grafted using DCP/HA or collagen-enhanced particulate biphasic calcium phosphate (TCP/HA/Col), in addition to a control group without grafting. To assess the efficacy of new bone formation, implant stability quotient (ISQ) values, serial bone labeling, and radiographic and histological percentage of marginal bone coverage (PMBC) were carefully evaluated four, eight, and 12 weeks after surgery. Statistically significant differences among the groups were observed in the histological PMBC after four weeks. The DCP/HA group consistently exhibited significantly higher ISQ values and radiographic and histological PMCB eight and 12 weeks after surgery. At 12 weeks, the histological PMBC of DCP/HA (72.25% ± 2.99%) was higher than that in the TCP/HA/Col (62.61% ± 1.52%) and control groups (30.64% ± 2.57%). After rigorously evaluating the healing of biphasic DCP/HA bioceramics with a critical size peri-implant model with serial bone labeling, we confirmed that neutralized bioceramics exhibiting optimal compression strength and biphasic properties show promising efficacy in fast bone formation and high marginal bone coverage in peri-implant bone defects.

Download Full-text

Effects of Autogenous Tooth Bone Graft and Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Peri-Implant Defects: An Experimental Study in an Animal Model

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00038 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 221-226

Author(s):

Alper Kızıldağ ◽

Ufuk Tasdemir ◽

Taner Arabacı ◽

Canan Aksu Kızıldağ ◽

Mevlüt Albayrak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Graft ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Control Group ◽

Graft Material ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽

Bone To Implant Contact

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of autogenous tooth bone graft (ATBG) combined with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on bone healing in rabbit peri-implant osseous defects. Eighteen New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups. Bone defects were prepared in each rabbit, and then an implant cavity was created in the defects. Dental implants were placed, and the peri-implant bone defects were treated with the following 3 methods: no graft material was applied in the control group, bone defects were treated with ATBG in the ATBG group, and bone defects were treated with ATBG combined with PRF in the ATBG+PRF group. After 28 days, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the dental implants with surrounding bone were removed. New bone formation and the percentage of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) were determined with histomorphometric evaluations. New bone formation was significantly higher in the ATBG+PRF group than the control and ATBG groups (P < .05). In addition, BIC was significantly higher in the ATBG+PRF group than in the control and ATBG groups (P < .05). The combination of ATBG with PRF contributed to bone healing in rabbits with peri-implant bone defects.

Download Full-text

Mechanistic Illustration: How Newly-Formed Blood Vessels Stopped by the Mineral Blocks of Bone Substitutes Can Be Avoided by Using Innovative Combined Therapeutics

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9080952 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 952

Author(s):

Fabien Bornert ◽

François Clauss ◽

Guoqiang Hua ◽

Ysia Idoux-Gillet ◽

Laetitia Keller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Medicinal Product ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Bone Substitute ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Bone Defects ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Polymeric Component ◽

Bone Filling

One major limitation for the vascularization of bone substitutes used for filling is the presence of mineral blocks. The newly-formed blood vessels are stopped or have to circumvent the mineral blocks, resulting in inefficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the implant. This leads to necrosis within the implant and to poor engraftment of the bone substitute. The aim of the present study is to provide a bone substitute currently used in the clinic with suitably guided vascularization properties. This therapeutic hybrid bone filling, containing a mineral and a polymeric component, is fortified with pro-angiogenic smart nano-therapeutics that allow the release of angiogenic molecules. Our data showed that the improved vasculature within the implant promoted new bone formation and that the newly-formed bone swapped the mineral blocks of the bone substitutes much more efficiently than in non-functionalized bone substitutes. Therefore, we demonstrated that our therapeutic bone substitute is an advanced therapeutical medicinal product, with great potential to recuperate and guide vascularization that is stopped by mineral blocks, and can improve the regeneration of critical-sized bone defects. We have also elucidated the mechanism to understand how the newly-formed vessels can no longer encounter mineral blocks and pursue their course of vasculature, giving our advanced therapeutical bone filling great potential to be used in many applications, by combining filling and nano-regenerative medicine that currently fall short because of problems related to the lack of oxygen and nutrients.

Download Full-text

Digital Customized Titanium Mesh for Bone Regeneration of Vertical, Horizontal and Combined Defects: A Case Series

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57010060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Daniele De Santis ◽

Federico Gelpi ◽

Giuseppe Verlato ◽

Umberto Luciano ◽

Lorena Torroni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Case Series ◽

Guided Bone Regeneration ◽

Point Of View ◽

Significant Gain ◽

Titanium Mesh ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Correct Method ◽

Combined Defects

Background and Objective: Guided bone regeneration allows new bone formation in anatomical sites showing defects preventing implant rehabilitation. Material and Methods: The present case series reported the outcomes of five patients treated with customized titanium meshes manufactured with a digital workflow for achieving bone regeneration at future implant sites. A significant gain in both width and thickness was achieved for all patients. Results: From a radiographic point of view (CBTC), satisfactory results were reached both in horizontal and vertical defects. An average horizontal gain of 3.6 ± 0.8 mm and a vertical gain of 5.2 ± 1.1 mm. Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that customized titanium meshes represent a valid method to pursue guided bone regeneration in horizontal, vertical or combined defects. Particular attention must be paid by the surgeon in the packaging of the flap according to a correct method called the “poncho” technique in order to reduce the most frequent complication that is the exposure of the mesh even if a partial exposure of one mesh does not compromise the final outcome of both the reconstruction and the healing of the implants.

Download Full-text

Longitudinal in vivo evaluation of bone regeneration by combined measurement of multi-pinhole SPECT and micro-CT for tissue engineering

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep10238 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Philipp S. Lienemann ◽

Stéphanie Metzger ◽

Anna-Sofia Kiveliö ◽

Alain Blanc ◽

Panagiota Papageorgiou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Pinhole Spect

Abstract Over the last decades, great strides were made in the development of novel implants for the treatment of bone defects. The increasing versatility and complexity of these implant designs request for concurrent advances in means to assess in vivo the course of induced bone formation in preclinical models. Since its discovery, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) has excelled as powerful high-resolution technique for non-invasive assessment of newly formed bone tissue. However, micro-CT fails to provide spatiotemporal information on biological processes ongoing during bone regeneration. Conversely, due to the versatile applicability and cost-effectiveness, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) would be an ideal technique for assessing such biological processes with high sensitivity and for nuclear imaging comparably high resolution (<1 mm). Herein, we employ modular designed poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels that release bone morphogenetic protein to guide the healing of critical sized calvarial bone defects. By combined in vivo longitudinal multi-pinhole SPECT and micro-CT evaluations we determine the spatiotemporal course of bone formation and remodeling within this synthetic hydrogel implant. End point evaluations by high resolution micro-CT and histological evaluation confirm the value of this approach to follow and optimize bone-inducing biomaterials.

Download Full-text

Repair of critical-size porcine craniofacial bone defects using a collagen-polycaprolactone composite biomaterial

10.1101/2021.04.19.440506 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marley J Dewey ◽

Derek J Milner ◽

Daniel Weisgerber ◽

Colleen Flanagan ◽

Marcello Rubessa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Fibrous Tissue ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Large Animal ◽

Collagen Scaffolds ◽

Shape Fitting ◽

Large Animal Models ◽

3D Printed ◽

Mineralized Collagen

Regenerative medicine approaches for massive craniomaxillofacial bone defects face challenges associated with the scale of missing bone, the need for rapid graft-defect integration, and challenges related to inflammation and infection. Mineralized collagen scaffolds have been shown to promote mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis due to their porous nature and material properties, but are mechanically weak, limiting surgical practicality. Previously, these scaffolds were combined with 3D-printed polycaprolactone mesh to form a scaffold-mesh composite to increase strength and promote bone formation in sub-critical sized porcine ramus defects. Here, we compare the performance of mineralized collagen-polycaprolactone composites to the polycaprolactone mesh in a critical-sized porcine ramus defect model. While there were no differences in overall healing response between groups, our data demonstrated broadly variable metrics of healing regarding new bone infiltration and fibrous tissue formation. Abscesses were present surrounding some implants and polycaprolactone polymer was still present after 9-10 months of implantation. Overall, while there was limited successful healing, with 2 of 22 implants showed substantial levels of bone regeneration, and others demonstrating some form of new bone formation, the results suggest targeted improvements to improve repair of large animal models to more accurately represent craniomaxillofacial bone healing. Notably, strategies to increase osteogenesis throughout the implant, modulate the immune system to support repair, and employ shape-fitting tactics to avoid implant micromotion and resultant fibrosis. Improvements to the mineralized collagen scaffolds involve changes in pore size and shape to increase cell migration and osteogenesis and inclusion or delivery of factors to aid vascular ingrowth and bone regeneration.

Download Full-text

Bioactivity of the Two Kinds of Biodegradable Composite Membrane Containing Oriented Needle-Like Apatite

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.811 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 284-286 ◽

pp. 811-814 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Toshiki Itoh ◽

Seiji Ban ◽

T. Watanabe ◽

Shozo Tsuruta ◽

Takahiro Kawai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Composite Membrane ◽

Composite Membranes ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Thigh Muscle ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Biodegradable Composite ◽

Morphogenetic Protein ◽

Old Mice

It is well known that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) induces bone formation and requires for carriers. Poly-lactic acid / poly-glycolic acid (PLGA) is frequently used as the carriers of BMP. We developed a biodegradable composite PLGA membrane, which was containing oriented needle-like apatite with BMP. The composite membranes were implanted into the thigh muscle pouch of 3-week-old-mice. At 3 weeks after implantation, the implanted area was observed by optical microscopy. The composite membrane containing oriented needle-like apatite with BMP induced new bone formation. It seems that this composite membrane might be a scaffold of BMP and promoting the healing of bone defects.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the Bone Regeneration Effect of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenic Protein-2 on Subperiosteal Bone Graft in the Rat Calvarial Model

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12101613 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1613

Author(s):

Eunhye Jang ◽

Ja-Youn Lee ◽

Eun-Young Lee ◽

Hyun Seok

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Graft ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽

Human Bone ◽

Control Group ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Morphogenetic Protein ◽

Regeneration Effect ◽

Recombinant Human Bone

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on a subperiosteal bone graft in a rat model. A subperiosteal space was made on the rat calvarium, and anorganic bovine bone (ABB), ABB/low bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) (5 µg), and ABB/high BMP (50 µg) were grafted as subperiosteal bone grafts. The new bone formation parameters of bone volume (BV), bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular thickness (TbTh), and trabecular spacing (TbSp) were evaluated by microcomputed tomography (µ-CT), and a histomorphometric analysis was performed to evaluate the new bone formation area. The expression of osteogenic markers, such as bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The ABB/high BMP group showed significantly higher BV than the ABB/low BMP (p = 0.004) and control groups (p = 0.000) and higher TbTh than the control group (p = 0.000). The ABB/low BMP group showed significantly higher BV, BMD, and TbTh than the control group (p = 0.002, 0.042, and 0.000, respectively). The histomorphometry showed significantly higher bone formation in the ABB/low and high BMP groups than in the control group (p = 0.000). IHC showed a high expression of BSP and osteocalcin in the ABB/low and high BMP groups. Subperiosteal bone grafts with ABB and rhBMP-2 have not been studied. In our study, we confirmed that rhBMP-2 contributes to new bone formation in a subperiosteal bone graft with ABB.

Download Full-text