scholarly journals �Green Carbon� from Algae for Automotive Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-200
Author(s):  
Alina Corina Zgaverdea ◽  
Sorin Aurel Ratiu
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Fibre Reinforcement ◽  
Carbon Fibres ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Biobased Polyurethane ◽  
The Impact

Due to the continuous decrease in the level of oil resource, nowadays researchers from all fields are concerned with the creation of new bio plastics with special properties. The present work presents a series of such properties, which become achievable when reinforcing organic fibre materials obtained by reactive extrusion of thermoplastic Polyurethan (TPU) with Polylactid-Acid (PLA) in a twin-screw extruder and covalently linked into PLA-TPU-Blends, through the innovative one-step process technology, using the IMC Krauss Maffei injection moulding compounder, at the IKT University of Stuttgart. The elongation at break of PLA-TPU-Blends and the impact strength could be increased without significant reduction of strength and stiffness. A balanced relation between improved impact strength and reduced stiffness can be achieved by varying of the blend components. By using the partially biobased Polyurethane and natural fibres, a biobased content of more than 90% could be achieved. More and more advanced technologies allow the manufacture of components with reinforcements made of glass fibres, natural or carbon fibres obtained from polypropylene or Lignin. Due to their low specific weight compared to glass, carbon fibres are preferred for lightweight structures in the automotive or aeronautics industries. Green Carbon fibres, made in innovative ways from acrylonitrile resulting in the production of Bio-Diesel from algae, can successfully replace the conventional carbon fibres of Polypropylene, having identical properties. Fibre reinforcement aims to improve mechanical strength and impact resistance and increases the dimensional stability under heat of the composite. This feasibility study shows a method to realize fibre-reinforced materials using Green Carbon fibres with remarkable stability and rigidity similar or better than aluminum and steel for lightweight constructions.

scholarly journals Enhancing Toughness and Impact Strength of Epoxy Resins by Using Hyperbranched Polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hangyu Park ◽  
Youngson Choe
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Hyperbranched Polymers ◽  
Phase Separations ◽  
Hyperbranched Poly ◽  
The Impact

Toughened epoxy has been widely used in industrial areas such as automotive and electronics. In this study, nanosized hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) as a flexibilizer are synthesized and embedded into epoxy resin to enhance the toughness and flexibility. Two different HBPs, hyperbranched poly(methylacrylate-diethanolamine) (poly(MA-DEA)) and poly(methylacrylate- ethanolamine) (poly(MA-EA)), were prepared and blended with both epoxy and polyetheramine, a curing agent. The molecular size of HBPs was estimated to be 6 ~ 14 nm in diameter. The molecular weight of HBPs ranges from 1500(1.5 K) to 7000(7.0 K) g/mol. In cured epoxy/HBP blends, no phase separations are occurred, indicating that HBPs possess sufficient miscibility with epoxy. The tensile toughness of the blends increased with changing the molecular weight of HBPs without sacrificing tensile strengths. The impact strength of the blends increases stiffly until the loading % of HBPs in the blends reaches 10 wt%. In addition, the experimental studies showed that impact resistance also increased with an increase in molecular weight of HBPs. The obtained impact resistance of the epoxy/HBP blends with 10 wt% was 270% more effective compared to that of cured neat epoxy.

EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTICS AUGMENTATION AND STORAGE CONDITION ON IMPACT RESISTANCE OF ORTHOPEDIC BONE CEMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 1750019
Author(s):  
MARYAM KALANTARI ◽  
ATA HASHEMI
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Pmma Bone Cement ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Antibiotic-impregnated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement has been successfully used to treat infected joint arthroplasties and surgeons have advocated the use of antibiotic-treated bone cement to prevent possible infections in joint replacement surgeries. However, there is a concern that this addition may adversely affect the mechanical properties of the bone cement. In most cases, the addition of antibiotics to bone cement has been reported to lower its mechanical strength. The uniaxial, biaxial and three/four point bending tests of antibiotic-impregnated bone cement have been extensively performed and well documented. However, only a few documents have focused on the impact strength of bone cement. The present study reports the impact tests of control and antibiotic loaded bone cements at different temperatures and aging conditions. According to the results, the addition of gentamicin or vancomycin significantly reduced the samples' impact strength. Moreover, the samples aged in saline at 23[Formula: see text]C were more resistant than the samples aged in air at 23[Formula: see text]C. Furthermore, raising the storage temperature from 23[Formula: see text]C to 37[Formula: see text]C significantly lowered the bone cement's impact strength in both control and antibiotic loaded samples.

A Method and Device for Testing Impact Resistance of Glassware

2015 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Szymon Zacharski ◽  
Wojciech Jóźwik
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
The Impact

Currently, nearly 1.5 M tons of different types of glassware are produced in Poland, and the majority of it is used as packaging in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The article presents a method for testing impact resistance of glassware, which was developed at the ITeE-PIB. The authors also present a prototype of a device for glassware tests, discuss a test procedure applied in such tests, and show the results of verification tests for which a high-speed digital camera was used to record the impact strength and the propagation of cracks in glassware. The device in question has been successfully implemented in an industrial research laboratory.

Effect of Coupling Agents and Particle Size on Mechanical Performance of Polyethylene Composites Comprising Wollastonite Micro-Fibres

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Wen Yuan ◽  
Debes Bhattacharyya ◽  
Allan J. Easteal
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Polymer Processing ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Fibre Reinforcement ◽  
Rotational Moulding ◽  
Polyethylene Matrix ◽  
The Impact

The usefulness of rotational moulding (rotomoulding) as a polymer processing technique is often limited by the selection of polymers, which in most cases happens to be polyethylene (PE). In the present study, PE polyethylene was blended with wollastonite microfibres and maleated polyethylene (as a coupling agent) with the purpose of developing an improved material for rotational moulding. The incorporation of wollastonite fibres without any coupling agent improved the tensile strength, but showed a reduction in impact strength. As expected, the most significant enhancement due to wollastonite was in the tensile modulus.. The addition of a coupling agent improved both the impact strength and the processability, especially when wollastonite was coated with aminosilane. Scanning electron microscopy revealed good adhesion between the coated fibre reinforcement and the polyethylene matrix at the fracture surface.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Used PP-Based Car Bumpers and Their Recycling Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Luda ◽  
V. Brunella ◽  
D. Guaratto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Mineral Fillers ◽  
The Impact

Three used PP-based car bumpers are characterized by many techniques (fractionation, IR, TGA, DSC, DMTA, and SEM). They show different impact and static and dynamic mechanical properties depending on their composition and morphology. It appears that block copolymer compatibilizers constituted by polyethylene-polypropylene sequences allow a better compatibility between the rubber domains and the PP matrix leading to relatively high impact resistance. Indeed if the ethylene sequences of the copolymer are large enough to crystallize, the decreased mobility of the whole system impairs the impact resistance. In addition, a higher amount of rubber in domains regular in shape and of greater dimension (1–3 μm) promotes a more homogeneous dispersion of external force inside the material, decreasing the risk of fracture. The amount of mineral fillers regulates the elastic modulus (the higher the load, the higher the modulus); however, a fairly good interfacial adhesion is required for satisfactory impact strength. All PP-based bumpers have been mechanically recycled in an internal mixer to redistribute oxidized species and to reestablish phase compatibilization. Recycling improves mechanical properties in slow speed test but fails to increase impact strength particularly in filled bumper, in which the quality of the matrix/filler interphase is hard to improve by simple remixing.

scholarly journals Using the Plate-Creep test to determine the impact strength properties of concrete

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Gökçe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Creep Test ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Repetitive Impact ◽  
The Impact

The paper aims to design a concrete against repetitive impact and abrasion resistance. Macro/micro steel fibers and two types of crushed stone based on limestone and corundum as aggregate were used in concrete mixtures. Impact test device has been modified, designed and used for impact strength testing of concrete. The usability of the plate creep test in determining the impact strength of concrete was also investigated. According to the test results, a high correlation was found between the abrasion, impact resistance tests and the creep test.

Binary Blends of Ethylene-α-olefin Elastomers for Improving the Balance between the Impact Strength and Individual Deformation and Strength Properties of Polypropylene Composites Produced by Reactive Extrusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu.M. Kazakov ◽  
A.M. Volkov ◽  
I.G. Ryzhikova ◽  
N.A. Bauman ◽  
S.I. Vol'fson
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Organic Peroxide ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Binary Blends ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Physicomechanical Characteristics ◽  
Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reactive Melt

The authors established and studied the synergistic effect of an increase in the impact strength and in individual physicomechanical characteristics of an elasticised polypropylene (PP) composite by using a binary combination of ethylene-α-olefin elastomers with contrasting Mooney viscosity values during reactive melt modification by the action of an organic peroxide and a coagent – trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA).

Preparation and Test of Conventional Composite Abrasives Using Recycled Alumina Grains

2016 ◽  
Vol 874 ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Dutra Golanda ◽  
Sandro Galisteu Luiz ◽  
Katia C. Gandolpho Candioto ◽  
Carlos Yujiro Shigue
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Alumina Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Abrasive Tools ◽  
Penetration Tests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation

In this work we report the preparation and evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of resin-bond composite abrasives using virgin and recycled alumina grains. The composite abrasives were made with phenolic resin as binder and as-received virgin and recycled alumina grains. Three different recycled alumina grains were studied: i) alumina from wood firing resin-bond abrasive tools; ii) alumina from wood firing vitrified-matrix abrasive tools; and iii) ground alumina from vitrified-matrix abrasive tools. The virgin alumina grains were employed in order to compare the mechanical performance of the prepared composite abrasive. The composition of alumina grains, analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the recycled alumina grains have lower alumina content and higher concentration of silica in vitrified-matrix abrasives samples. The sand blast penetration tests have shown lower penetration depth in the virgin and the ground vitrified-matrix grains composites. The impact strength test results revealed its dependence on the alumina and silica content: samples with higher alumina content present the higher impact resistance whereas samples with higher silica content present lower impact strength.

Preparation of Impact Resistance Epoxy Resin Encapsulating Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 327 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Jing Hui Fan ◽  
Yan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Gel Time ◽  
Mechanics Performance ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

According to research requests of encapsulating materials used in anti-impact precision electron apparatus parts, the materials system was designed on the relation of mechanics performance and techniques properties. Then epoxy resin E-51 was toughening modified with a kind of self-synthesized polyester epoxy resin which had liquid crystal groups. The results showed that the optimized epoxy resin encapsulating materials has high compression strength and favorable operating properties. The impact strength of prepared epoxy resin encapsulating materials increased 4.0 times, and the gel time at room temperature was over 100 minutes.

scholarly journals Impact strength of 3D-printed polycarbonate

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Vries de ◽  
Roy Engelen ◽  
Esther Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Vertical Wall ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
As Stress ◽  
The Impact

A vertical wall printed by Fused Filament Fabrication consists of a ribbed surface profile, due to the layer wise deposition of molten plastic. The notches between the printed layers act as stress concentrators and decrease its resistance to impact. This article shows the relation between impact strength and layer height by experimental data and finite element simulations of the stress intensity factor and the plastic zone near the tip of the notch. The impact resistance increased from 6 to 32 kJ/m2, when the layer height was decreased from 1.8 to 0.2 mm. When notches were removed by sanding, the samples did not fail any more during impact testing, resembling the behavior of smooth molded test bars. Tensile strength values up to 61 MPa were measured independent of layer height. Birefringence measurements were done to determine the actual stress levels, which ranged from 2 to 5 MPa.

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