scholarly journals Reverse “Y” Shape Fistula - a Paricularity in the Evolution of Postanal Space Abscesses

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 4504-4506
Keyword(s):  
Advancement Flap ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Perineal Fistula ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Lesion Type ◽  
Horseshoe Fistula ◽  
History Of ◽  
Postanal Space

Horseshoe fistula, with an incidence of less than 3% of the total perianal fistulas, is an atypical lesion not included in the classification of Parks. Its specificity is given by the anatomical features of the postanal space, respectively the presence of the anococcygeal ligament. This type of perineal fistula has a particular tract in shape of a reverse „Y”. We present the cases of 12 patient diagnosed with posterior horseshoe fistula with deep postanal space abscess surgically treated during 2013-2017. The study is retrospective and observative and it includes the history of the disease, the diagnostic methods, the surgical procedures performed and the postoperative evolution. As far as we are concerned, we based our approach on the advancement flap literature data, as well as on the role of the anococcygeal ligament in the pathology of this lesion type. After optimal control of the purulent collection from the postanal space and after the remission of local inflammatory phenomena, a correct advancement flap technique succeeds most often to resolve the septic area of the crypt of origin. We believe that current standards on the functional outcomes of these types of lesions require techniques that avoid the slow elastic cutting of the sphincter, minimizing the risk of incontinence. Keywords: postanal space abscess; anococcygeal ligament; horseshoe fistula; advancement flap

scholarly journals Interpretation of autoantibody positivity in interstitial lung disease and lung-dominant connective tissue disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 728-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Antunes Silva Pereira ◽  
Alexandre de Melo Kawassaki ◽  
Bruno Guedes Baldi
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Connective Tissue Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
History Of

The initial evaluation of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) primarily involves a comprehensive, active search for the cause. Autoantibody assays, which can suggest the presence of a rheumatic disease, are routinely performed at various referral centers. When interstitial lung involvement is the condition that allows the definitive diagnosis of connective tissue disease and the classical criteria are met, there is little debate. However, there is still debate regarding the significance, relevance, specificity, and pathophysiological role of autoimmunity in patients with predominant pulmonary involvement and only mild symptoms or formes frustes of connective tissue disease. The purpose of this article was to review the current knowledge of autoantibody positivity and to discuss its possible interpretations in patients with ILD and without clear etiologic associations, as well as to enhance the understanding of the natural history of an allegedly new disease and to describe the possible prognostic implications. We also discuss the proposition of a new term to be used in the classification of ILDs: lung-dominant connective tissue disease.

scholarly journals The history of research of the ophthalmic aspects of hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Krasińska ◽  
Agata Brązert ◽  
Jarosław Kocięcki
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽  
Cotton Wool Spots ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Funduscopic Examination ◽  
Retinal Exudates

Abstract The awareness of the widespread influence of hypertension on various organ systems is ever increasing. Changes associated with this disease can be observed in the heart, brain, kidneys, but also the organ of vision. These usual microvascular changes are defined as hypertensive retinopathy. During a funduscopic examination, abnormalities such as narrowing of arterioles, symptoms of arteriole and vein intersection, cotton wool spots, intra-retinal exudates, retinal haemorrhages, and in severe cases even swelling of the optic disc and macula. This review presents an overview of the changes at the fundus of the eye that may occur in patients with hypertension, as well as problems with the classification of hypertensive retinopathy over the years, and the development of diagnostic methods in ophthalmology and fundoscopic imaging. Running title: The history of hypertensive retinopathy research

scholarly journals Współistnienie języków na ziemiach byłego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w świetle prac Jana Karłowicza

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Koniusz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Linguistic Interference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Bilingualism And Multilingualism ◽  
Grand Duchy

Co-existence of languages in the area of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the light of the works of Jan KarłowiczThe article discusses the issues of the co-existence of languages in the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the consequences of the phenomenon as documented in the works of Jan Karłowicz – the outstanding scholar of the second half of the nineteenth century, an expert and researcher of the “Lithuanian” version of Polish language. The article emphasizes the fact that the research on languages in the area of The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and results of their co-existence goes back to the second half of the nineteenth century and Jan Karłowicz was the pioneer of this research. He was the first to observe the following phenomena of their co-existence: interference; bilingualism and multilingualism; prioritization of co-existing languages with the unique role of the Polish language in focusing various functions in the history of The Grand Duchy of Lithuania; the diversity of Polish with sociolinguistic classification of its provincia­lisms and their division in the view of their origin; and the dangers to the Polish language in the period of Russification. Karłowicz struggled with the lack of terminology to describe the linguistic phenomena characteristic for the area. The article focuses on the classification of provincial qualities of the “Lithuanian” Polish language executed by Karłowicz in the social and ethnolinguistic area; and on the presentation of the phenomenon of linguistic interference visible in the provincial vocabulary in The Grand Duchy of Lithuania collected in “Dictionary of Polish dialects” by Karłowicz. Сосуществование языков на территории бывшего Великого княжества Литовского в свете произведений Яна КарловичаЦель данной статьи – показать сосуществование языков на землях бывшего Великого княжества Литовского (ВКЛ) и последствий этого явления, засвидетельствованных в работах Яна Карловича, видного ученого второй половины девятнадцатого века, знатока и исследователя „литовского” польского языка. Автор статьи указывает на то, что изучение языков в Великом княжестве Литовском, последствиям их сосуществования относятся ко второй половине девятнадцатого века, а их первым исследователем был Карлович. Им впервые были отмечены такие проявления этого сосуществования, как языковая интерференция, билингвизм и многоязычие, иерархия сосуществующих языков и диалектов. Выделена особая роль польского языка, объединившего целый ряд функций в истории ВКЛ, дифференциация внутри польского языка, социолингвистическая классификация его диалектизмов и их деление по происхождению, угрозы для польского языка в период сильной русификации. Особое внимание автор статьи сосредоточил на классификации провинциальных особенностей „литовского” польского языка, осуществлённой Карловичем в социальном и этнолингвистическом плане, а также на проявлениях интерференции в провинциальной лексике, ведущей своё происхождение из Великого княжества Литовского, собранной в „Словаре польских диалектов” Карловича.

scholarly journals Current and future role of immobilized enzymes in medical field

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rafiq Khan
Keyword(s):  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Current Century ◽  
History Of

Although the history of immobilized enzymes and their applications in different fields are traced back to the second half of the twentieth century, their importance in bioreactors and biosensors highlighted at the turn of the current century is under active consideration in these days for broad-spectrum applications in different medical fields. Thus, this article presents a review of the literature concerning the current and future role of the immobilized enzymes in different medical fields. As the author and his supervised research groups have also been actively involved in research on immobilized enzymes, he has also made some input with a recommendation to revise the current classification of immobilized enzymes basically into “Naturally Immobilized” and “Artificially Immobilized Enzymes”, keeping the sub-classification intact. He has also suggested the development of some medical products based on the results of his research groups.

scholarly journals Computer-assisted detection and classification of misinformation about climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Coan ◽  
Constantine Boussalis ◽  
John Cook ◽  
Mirjam Nanko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Detailed History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Computer Assisted Detection ◽  
History Of

A growing body of scholarship investigates the role of misinformation in shaping the debate on climate change. Our research builds on and extends this literature by 1) developing and validating a comprehensive taxonomy of climate misinformation, 2) conducting the largest content analysis to date on contrarian claims, 3) developing a computational model to accurately detect specific claims, and 4) drawing on an extensive corpus from conservative think-tank (CTTs) websites and contrarian blogs to construct a detailed history of misinformation over the past 20 years. Our study finds that climate misinformation produced by CTTs and contrarian blogs has focused on attacking the integrity of climate science and scientists and, increasingly, has challenged climate policy and renewable energy. We further demonstrate the utility of our approach by exploring the influence of corporate and foundation funding on the production and dissemination of specific contrarian claims.

Major Factors Associated with Congenital Malformations in the Agadir Region of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
SAID EL MADIDI
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Factors

Introduction: Congenital malformations are a global health problem around the world. MCs is one of the main causes of death and disability of newborns worldwide, but the majority of its risk factors are still poorly understood. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the main causes that are related to the incidence of congenital malformations (CMs) in the region of Agadir in Morocco. Material and Methods: A prospective cases-control study at regional level was conducted in the pediatrics and neonatology department of Hassan II hospital in Agadir from April 2016 to April 2018. Data on child and maternal variables were recorded for 3701 newborns. The types of congenital malformations  have been classified according to the codes of the International Classification of Diseases. Univariate analyzes were performed to identify the variables associated with the etiology of the malformations. Multiple logistic regression was used to characterize the associations between the MC and the determining explanatory variables taken into account simultaneously. Results: The results of these studies showed that there is a significant association between the incidence of the Congenital anomalies and the level of the consanguinity of the child, the prematurity of childbirth, the family history of CMs, the body mass index of the mother and the presence of major trauma during pregnancy. Conclusion: our results have made it possible to highlight the existence of an association between a certain number of risk factors and the occurrence of congenital malformations. Additional studies are needed to confirm and clarify the role of these risk factors.

scholarly journals Four Species of Reflexivity and History of Economics in Economic Policy Science

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Schliesser
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Policy Science ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of Economics ◽  
Economics Profession ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This paper argues that history of economics has a fruitful, underappreciated role to play in the development of economics, especially when understood as a policy science. This goes against the grain of the last half century during which economics, which has undergone a formal revolution, has distanced itself from its ‘literary’ past and practices precisely with the aim to be a more successful policy science. The paper motivates the thesis by identifying and distinguishing four kinds of reflexivity in economics. The main thesis of this paper is that because these forms of reflexivity are not eliminable, the history of economics must play a constitutive role in economics (and graduate education within economics). An assumption that I clarify in this paper is that the history of economics ought to be part of the subject matter studied by economics when they are interested in policy science. Even if one does not accept the conclusion, the fourfold classification of reflexivity might hold independent interest. The paper is divided in two parts. First, by reflecting on the writings of George Stigler, Paul Samuelson, George and Milton Friedman, I offer a stylized historical introduction to and conceptualization of the themes of this paper. In particular, I identify various historically influential arguments and strategies that reduced the role of history of economics within the economics discipline. In it I also canvass six arguments that try to capture the cost to economics (understood as a science) for sidelining the history of economics from within the discipline. A sub-text of the introduction is that for contingent reasons, post World War II economics evolved into a policy science. Second, by drawing on the work of Kenneth Boulding, in particular, George Soros, Thomas Merton, Gordon Tullock, I distinguish between four species of reflexivity. These are used to then strengthen the argument for the constitutive role of the history of economics within the economics profession. In particular, I argue that so-called Kuhn-losses are especially pernicious when faced with policy choices under so-called Knightian uncertainty.

scholarly journals Computer-assisted classification of contrarian claims about climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis G. Coan ◽  
Constantine Boussalis ◽  
John Cook ◽  
Mirjam O. Nanko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Detailed History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
History Of

AbstractA growing body of scholarship investigates the role of misinformation in shaping the debate on climate change. Our research builds on and extends this literature by (1) developing and validating a comprehensive taxonomy of climate contrarianism, (2) conducting the largest content analysis to date on contrarian claims, (3) developing a computational model to accurately classify specific claims, and (4) drawing on an extensive corpus from conservative think-tank (CTTs) websites and contrarian blogs to construct a detailed history of claims over the past 20 years. Our study finds that the claims utilized by CTTs and contrarian blogs have focused on attacking the integrity of climate science and scientists and, increasingly, has challenged climate policy and renewable energy. We further demonstrate the utility of our approach by exploring the influence of corporate and foundation funding on the production and dissemination of specific contrarian claims.

scholarly journals SOMATIC MOVEMENTS AS A CONCEPT IN THE MODERN PARADIGM OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Yurii Voloshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Movement Education ◽  
Feldenkrais Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mental Abilities ◽  
Operational Concept

The object of the study of "Theory and methods of physical education," as a scientific and educational discipline, are the physical capabilities and abilities of man, which change through the purposeful influence of physical education. Exercise is a significant component of the physical improvement process. According to the theory of adaptation, "trace" effects accumulate as a result of repeated movements. In his "law of exercise," Lamarck said that frequent and prolonged use of the organ gradually strengthens it, and vice versa. However, the development of physical and mental abilities is not limited to the influence of movement on the human body. There is another side of the "law of exercise," first formulated by Diderot, and scientifically substantiated by Bernstein (1947) in his "theory of coordination" - the organism itself builds its own movements through exercise. Preliminary analysis of scientific sources showed the fragmentary research of this "other side," which determined this study's relevance. Exercise purposefully affects the development of physical and mental abilities. Most scientists in their research turn to the development of physical qualities. By contrast, we pay attention to physical perfection's mental component, using somatic movements as a means. The concept of "somatic movements" requires perception, understanding, comprehension. The "phenomenology of the spirit," which we have taken as a basis for studying the problem of consciousness, belongs to the works without which it is impossible to imagine either the history of philosophy or philosophy as such. Hegel's goal is to "track and demonstrate the path that consciousness takes, starting from direct sensory perception and ending with scientific (philosophical) knowledge, which opens the rationality of reality." An essential element of the study is the study of the classification of somatic movements in the West. Understanding of this concept depends on the awareness of the "operational concept" of the object of somatic education, defined by The International Somatic Movement Education and Therapy Association (ISMETA). The cornerstone is the "illumination" of the concept of "awareness" (awareness) as the basis for the education of somatic movements. "Somatic movements" is a fundamental concept in the Feldenkrais method, on which we rely. One of Moshe's best students, Yochanan Rywerant, in his work "Acquiring the Feldenkrais profession," paid considerable attention to the mental component of the process of improving movement. Describing the method's goals and means, he noted that "the mere idea of acting differently depends on our needs and on our curiosity. But it also depends decisively on sensory feedback." That is, "the ability to change an intentional pattern of action and to perform it, not always in a stereotypical manner, seems important." The purpose of the article is to find out the role of awareness in educating somatic movements.

scholarly journals Essence and Specifics of the Magistrate’s Court and Conciliation Proceedings

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Mihail Mateev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Elements ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

Introduction. The article is an attempt at a theoretical understanding of the following con- cepts: conciliation procedures, magistrate’s courts and magistrate’s justice. The research aims to analyse the genesis and nature of the models of magistrate’s justice that have de- veloped in the practice of national legal systems, and in particular in the judicial practice of the Republic of Bulgaria. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The article provides a brief historical and comparative legal analysis of well-known models of magistrate’s justice. These include foreign legislations, and countries belonging to the continental legal family and the countries of the Anglo-Saxon legal family. This made it possible to assess the diversity of the essential elements of the institute of magistrate’s justice, and highlight their main models. Results. Based on the study of the place and role of justices of the peace in the judicial sys- tem, the author concluded that there is an emergence of justice according to the principles established during the thousand-year history of the development of justice in Europe. The classification of the types of magistrate’s justice has been carried out. Alternative methods of dispute resolution, conciliation and litigation in the resolution of disputes are also con- sidered. Discussion and Conclusion. Scientific conclusions are formulated concerning the legal na- ture of the analyzed institution, and its place in the justice system.

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