scholarly journals The Role of Cytokine in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Patients with Systemic Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 455-463
Author(s):  
Alina Viorica Iancu ◽  
Gabriela Gurau ◽  
Caterina Dumitru ◽  
Liliana Baroiu ◽  
Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Diagnosis Criteria ◽  
Systemic Infections

Sepsis is an immunologic disorder with a high rate of mortality which is caused by the exacerbation of the inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to characterise the etiologic spectrum and the profile of the most significant pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory citokines in patients with sistemic infections, by analysing the relationship between the type of etiologic agents and the intensity of the inflammatory response. The study was carried out on a number of 33 patients with systemic infections who were hospitalized in the �Saint Parascheva �Infectious Diseases Clinic Hospital in Galati, Romania. The intensity of the inflammatory response was higher in the sepsis with Gram-negative Bacilli (BGN) as compared to the systemic infections produced by Gram-positive Cocci (CGP). In the case of the patients with bacterial etiology (CGP and BGN) there was evidence of an increase levels of analysed cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10), while the fungal etiology was correlated with high serum concentrations of TNF-a. The levels of IL-4 and IL-6 were similar in all patients with systemic infections, regardless of their etiology. The Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis has led to the occurrennce of high serum levels both in the case of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory citokines. The obtained results outline the necessity of monitoring pro-inflammatory and anti- inflammatory cytokines in sepsis, which might provide clues about the intensity of the generalized inflammatory reaction, representing not only an important diagnosis criteria but also a useful guide in the therapeutic methods chosen and the monitoring of these severe infections.

scholarly journals SAT0296 SERUM LEPTIN LEVELS IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS PATIENTS WITH ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1093.1-1093
Author(s):  
G. Pellegrino ◽  
K. Stefanantoni ◽  
F. Facioni ◽  
C. Angelelli ◽  
A. Gigante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathologic Finding ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Ecg Abnormalities

Background:Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities are described in 25-75% Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) cases and they are associated with other systemic manifestations as well as with a worse prognosis. There is an increasing need for clinical and laboratory biomarkers to ameliorate the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to patients with ECG abnormalities, due to their actual low sensitivity and specificity. Adipokines are circulating proteins that appear dysregulated in SSc and leptin in particular is synthesized in response to inflammatory conditions and seems to play a proinflammatory and pro-fibrotic action in SSc. Interesting, many studies in the last years have underlined its role in the cardiac remodeling mechanisms and in the development of cardiac fibrosis in other chronic diseases.Objectives:Aim of our study is to evaluate the role of leptin in the development of cardiac rhythm disorders (CRD) during SSc. Furthermore, by the analysis of the clinical and demographical parameters of our SSc patients, we tried to define other possible features associated with increased serum leptin concentration.Methods:We included eighty-five SSc patients, fulfilling the 2013 ACR/EULAR classification criteria, attending the Regional Rare Disease Center of Policlinico Umberto I of Rome. Fifty presented significant CRD at non-invasive diagnostic techniques (12 Lead ECG, 24-hour Holter ECG). Demographic, clinical, conventional cardiovascular risk factors were examined; instrumental and laboratory assessments were obtained, together with ECG recordings. Thirty-five SSc patients without pathologic finding at ECG traces, matched for demographic and clinical features, were recruited as the control group. In all cases, after obtaining written informed consent, blood samples were taken to measure serum levels of leptin using an ELISA assay (Life Technologies-Italia).Results:The fifty SSc patients with CRD (mean age 51±15 years; F:M 41:9) had pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in 32 cases (64%) and a BMI >25Kg/m2in 22 (44%) while in the control group of thirty-five SSc patients (mean age 49±16 years; F:M 33:2) PF was found in 15 (43%) and a BMI >25Kg/m2in 9 (35%); We detected significantly higher median values of serum leptin in SSc patients with CRD compared to the control group (12027 pg/ml IQR 12314 versus 6392 pg/ml IQR 7103;p 0,0009). Additionally, SSc patients with a BMI> 25 kg/m2(31 cases) as well as those with PF (47 cases) showed a significantly higher median serum leptin levels compared to those with BMI <25 kg/m2(13161 pg/ml IQR 13610 versus 8187 pg/ml IQR 8255;p 0,0008) and those without PF (11740 pg/ml IQR 11940 versus 7616 pg/ml IQR 7855;p 0,0079).Conclusion:To our knowledge this is the first report on high serum levels of leptin in SSc patients with CRD that also confirms its increase in those cases with a BMI >25 kg/m2and with PF, according to scientific literature data. The role of leptin in the pathogenesis of SSc remains unclear although it is already known its involvement in the development of cardiac fibrosis during other chronic diseases. On the basis of these results we speculate on leptin involvement in the pathogenesis of CRD during SSc, although further studies are needed with larger cohort of patients.References:[1]Vacca A et al. Rheumatology, 2014[2]Tyndall AJ et al. Ann Rheum Dis, 2010[3]Muresan L et al. Iran J Pub Health, 2017[4]Sanna T et al. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J, 2009[5]Riccieri V et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2011[6]Żółkiewicz J et al. Arch Dermatol Res, 2019[7]Huby AC et al. Circulation, 2015[8]Shulze PC et al. Clin Chim Acta, 2005[9]Van de Hoogen F et al. Arthritis Rheum, 2013[10]Gui X et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018Disclosure of Interests:Greta Pellegrino: None declared, Katia Stefanantoni Consultant of: ItalfarmacoBoehringer Ingelheim, Fausta Facioni: None declared, Carlotta Angelelli: None declared, Antonietta Gigante: None declared, Roberto Badagliacca: None declared, Carmine Dario Vizza: None declared, Sergio Morelli: None declared, Edoardo Rosato: None declared, Valeria Riccieri: None declared

Abstract 110: Adiponectin Inhibits TNF-a-Induced Vascular Inflammatory Response via Caveolin-Mediated Ceramidase Recruitment and Activation

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajing Wang ◽  
Wayne Lau ◽  
Erhe Gao ◽  
Walter Koch ◽  
Xin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Nitrative Stress ◽  
S1p Receptor ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
First Time

Anti-inflammatory and vascular protective actions of adiponectin (APN) are well-recognized. However, many fundamental questions remain unanswered. The current study attempted to identify the APN receptor subtype responsible for APN’s vascular protective action, and investigate the role of ceramidase activation in APN anti-inflammatory signaling. Wild type (WT) or gene manipulated HUVEC were treated with TNFα in the presence and absence of APN. The effect of APN on TNFα-induced inflammatory and oxidative/nitrative stress was determined. In WT HUVEC, APN significantly reduced TNFα-induced ICAM-1 expression and attenuated TNFα-induced superoxide and peroxynitrite formation (P<0.01). These anti-inflammatory actions were virtually abolished by AdipoR1-, but not AdipoR2-, knockdown (KD). Treatment with APN significantly increased neutral ceramidase (nCDase) activity (3.7-fold, P<0.01). AdipoR1-KD markedly (P0.05), reduced APN-induced nCDase activation. More importantly, siRNA mediated nCDase-KD markedly blocked the effect of APN upon TNFα-induced ICAM-1 expression (P0.05), and modestly inhibited APN anti-inflammatory effect (P87% of APN-induced nCDase activation was lost. Whereas APN treatment failed to inhibit TNFα-induced ICAM-1 expression, treatment with S1P or SEW (S1P receptor agonist) remained effective in Cav1-KD cells in reducing TNFα-induced ICAM-1 expression (P<0.01). AdipoR1 and Cav1 co-localized and co-precipitated in HUVECs. APN treatment did not affect this interaction. Moreover, re-expression of WT Cav1 in Cav1-KD cells restored nCDase activation in response to APN (P<0.01 vs. vehicle), whereas re-expression of a mutated Cav1 blocking AdipoR1/Cav1 interaction failed to restore APN-mediated nCDase activation. Finally, there is weak basal Cav1/nCDase interaction, which significantly increased following APN treatment. These results demonstrate for the first time that APN inhibits TNFα-induced inflammatory response via Cav1-mediated ceramidase recruitment and activation in an AdipoR1- dependent fashion.

scholarly journals Multifaceted Physiological Roles of Adiponectin in Inflammation and Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Muk Choi ◽  
Hari Madhuri Doss ◽  
Kyoung Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Serum Level ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Adiponectin is the richest adipokine in human plasma, and it is mainly secreted from white adipose tissue. Adiponectin circulates in blood as high-molecular, middle-molecular, and low-molecular weight isoforms. Numerous studies have demonstrated its insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, decreased serum levels of adiponectin is associated with chronic inflammation of metabolic disorders including Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. However, recent studies showed that adiponectin could have pro-inflammatory roles in patients with autoimmune diseases. In particular, its high serum level was positively associated with inflammation severity and pathological progression in rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, adiponectin seems to have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. This indirectly indicates that adiponectin has different physiological roles according to an isoform and effector tissue. Knowledge on the specific functions of isoforms would help develop potential anti-inflammatory therapeutics to target specific adiponectin isoforms against metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the current roles of adiponectin in metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Non-Survivor Ischemic Stroke Patients Maintain High Serum Caspase-Cleaved Cytokeratin-18 Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Lorente ◽  
María M. Martín ◽  
Antonia Pérez-Cejas ◽  
Agustín F González-Rivero ◽  
Rafael Sabatel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Midline Shift ◽  
Cytokeratin 18 ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction ◽  
Acute Neurological Deterioration ◽  
Diagnosis Criteria ◽  
Scale 8

Objective: Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin (CCCK)-18 could appear in blood during apoptosis. In two different studies, on day 1 of cerebral infarction and at 72 h of cerebral infarction, respectively, higher circulating CCCK-18 levels were found in non-surviving than in surviving patients. The objective of this study was to analyze the ability of these levels to predict mortality at any time during the first week of cerebral infarction. Methods: Patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) were included and the diagnosis criteria were the presence, observed in a computed tomography, of an acute cerebral infarction in at least 50% of this territory and midline shift, and an acute neurological deterioration with a Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8. Serum CCCK-18 levels at days 1, 4 and 8 of MMCAI were determined. Results: Serum concentrations of CCCK-18 at days 1, 4 and 8 of MMCAI were higher in non-surviving (n = 34) than in surviving patients (n = 34). Serum CCCK-18 concentrations at days 1, 4 and 8 of MMCAI had an area under curve (95% CI) used to predict a 30-day mortality of 0.83 (0.72 –0.91; p < 0.001), 0.78 (0.65–0.89; p < 0.001) and 0.82 (0.68–0.92; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The novel finding is that serum levels of CCCK-18 levels at any time after the first week of MMCAI could help predict 30-day mortality.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory response of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 193-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Torre ◽  
Roberto Tambini ◽  
Silvana Aristodemo ◽  
Giovanna Gavazzeni ◽  
Antonio Goglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an inflammatory process seen in association with a large number of clinical infective and noninfective conditions.The aim of this study was to investigate the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin–4 (IL–4), interleukin–10 (IL–10), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Serum levels of IL–4, IL–10 and TGF-β were determined in 45 patients with SIRS: 38 patients had SIRS of infectious origin, whereas seven patients had non-infectious SIRS. Twenty healthy subjects were used as controls.Serum levels of IL–4, IL–10 and TGFg were determined by an immunoenzyme assay. A significant increase of IL–4 was observed in these patients at the time of diagnosis and 5 days later. In contrast, serum levels of IL–10 were not increased at the time of diagnosis, but a slight decrease was noted after 5 days. Serum levels of TGF-β were not increased at time of diagnosis, and a slight increase was observed after 5 days. Serum levels of IL–4 were significantly higher in patients with infectious SIRS at the time of diagnosis, whereas no significant difference between infectious and non-infectious SIRS was noted for serum levels of IL–10 and TGF-β at the time of diagnosis and 5 days later.During SIRS, serum levels of IL–4 were significantly increased with a significant correlation between IL–4 and mortality, and only levels of IL–4 were significantly increased in the SIRS caused by infectious stimuli.

scholarly journals α-Linolenic acid induces clearance of Tau seed via Actin-remodeling in Microglia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Eknath Desale ◽  
Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Actin Remodeling ◽  
Membrane Ruffling ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Tau seeds exhibit a detrimental role in the spread of disease in Alzheimer’s disease. These species are found to be neurotoxic and activate microglia. However, the activation of microglia in pro-inflammatory response further elevates neurodegeneration. Omega-3 dietary fatty acids, on the other hand; exert an anti-inflammatory response by microglia. Along with the receptor expression, omega-3 fatty acids influence various important cellular functions. The role of omega-3 fatty acids on actin remodeling, which is the basis of cellular functions such as migration and phagocytosis is not known. Here in this study, we focus on effect of dietary supplement of ALA on extracellular Tau internalization and assisted actin polymerization for the process. ALA is found to induce membrane ruffling and phagocytic cup formation along with cytoskeletal rearrangement to induce lamellipodia and filopodia at the front end to move forward and assist the cell to identify the target. ALA is observed to promote the internalization of Tau and necessary actin remodeling for phagocytosis. Methods α-Linolenic (ALA) acid has been used for the study. ALA was dissolved in 100% ethanol and solubilized at 50°C for 2 hours. The human Tau aggregates was prepared in vitro for the internalization study in microglia in presence of α-Linolenic acids (ALA) via fluorescence microscopy with Apotome. The studied the role α-Linolenic acids (ALA) actin remodeling in cellular processes in presence of Tau seed. The study of actin structures lamellipodia, filopodia, and membrane ruffling along with Iba-1 and Arp2/3 complex was observed on ALA exposure. Results Extracellular Tau species are found to internalize more presence of ALA in microglia. The extensive polarization and migration was observed as indicated by extensive lamellipodia and filopodia formation. The formation of extensive actin branching in lamellipodia and membrane ruffling was studied with the help of ARP2/3 complex for nucleating actin network. The high density of ARP2/3 complex at the leading ends of migratory microglia confirmed the extensive branching of actin filaments on ALA exposure. Enhanced formation of lamellipodia and filopodia helps in migration and internalization of tau seed. The actin dynamics supports the phagocytosis process. Conclusion Our approach provides the insights of beneficial role of ALA as anti-inflammatory dietary supplement to treat AD. ALA induces internalization of Tau and necessary actin remodeling for phagocytosis.

scholarly journals The role of progranulin (PGRN) in the modulation of anti-inflammatory response in asthma

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Milena Pogonowska ◽  
Łukasz A. Poniatowski ◽  
Agata Wawrzyniak ◽  
Katarzyna Królikowska ◽  
Bolesław Kalicki
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Increased Level of Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor in Advanced Solid Tumors: A Preliminary Study

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Rovelli ◽  
Paolo Lissoni ◽  
Sergio Crispino ◽  
Sandro Barni ◽  
Gabriele Fumagalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Human Solid Tumors ◽  
Soluble Interleukin 2 Receptor ◽  
Preliminary Study

Both activated normal and transformed lymphocytes produce not only cell-associated but also cell-free IL-2R. Evidence of high serum concentrations of IL-2R appears to serve as a tumor marker in patients with lymphomas On the contrary, the role of soluble IL-2R in solid neoplasms has still to be defined. This investigation was carried out to analyze soluble IL-2R production in human solid tumors. The study included 35 patients with solid tumors (12 without and 23 with metastases), 58 healthy subjects and 6 lymphoma patients. Among cancer patients, lung and breast carcinoma were the two most frequent neoplasms. In each subject or patient, serum levels of IL-2R were measured by using an enzyme immunoassay. Moreover, in 14/23 patients with metastatic solid tumors, lymphocyte subpopulations were also evaluated. Serum levels of IL-2R were significantly higher in the cancer patients than in the normal subjects. The patients with metastatic solid tumors showed significantly higher mean levels than those without metastases, and similar to those observed in the lymphoma patients. Finally, there was no correlation between serum levels of IL-2R and the T4/T8 ratio, which was reduced in 5/14 cancer patients. Further studies will be needed to establish if elevated concentrations of IL-2R in the serum can contribute to the immunoincompetence of patients with disseminated solid neoplasms.

The Role of Serum Procalcitonin and Interleukin-6 in the Differentiation and Surveillance of Sepsis and Non-Infectious Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3792-3792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
Bin Du ◽  
Jiaqi Pan ◽  
Baolai Hua
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Clinical Onset ◽  
Icu Length Of Stay

Abstract To evaluate the discrimination of serum procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) between patients with sepsis and non-infectious inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the pridicton power of clinical outcome, a perspective study was performed in 27 patients with sepsis and 30 patients with non-infectious SIRS. The serum concentrations of PCT, IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count, percentage of neutrophil, and maximal body temperature were obtained less than 24 hours after clinical onset of SIRS. The serum levels of PCT and IL-6, and percentage of neutrophil were significantly higher in patients of sepsis than in those of SIRS (PCT 5.54 [1.20, 32.74] μg/L vs 0.77 [0.22, 3.90] μg/L, P=0.001; IL-6 163.66 [33.60, 505.26] ng/L vs 37.72 [22.52,110.78] ng/L, P=0.004; CRP 15.28±8.41 g/L vs 9.51±7.65 g/L, P=0.010; and percentage of neutrophil 91%±4% vs 88%±4%, P=0.010). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the power of PCT and IL-6 were the best of all above. There was significant correlation between serum concentrations of PCT or IL-6 and the APACHE II or SOFA score, so was between serum PCT concentration and the ICU length of stay. Serum concentrations of PCT and IL-6 are more reliable indicators to differentiate sepsis and non-infectious SIRS than the conventional inflammatory markers, and correlate with the disease severity. And PCT levels were significantly correlated with ICU length of stay. (Supported by research grants from PUMCH, China)

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