scholarly journals ANALISIS LOAD FACTOR PERJALANAN KRL COMMUTER LINE BERDASARKAN TITIK JENUH LINTAS ( STUDI KASUS LINTAS BOGOR – MANGGARAI )

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Aditya Wahyu Erlangga ◽  
Dedik Tri Istiantara ◽  
Ikhsan Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Load Factor ◽  
Cross Point ◽  
Population Frequency ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
The Right ◽  
Saturation Rate

Regions which have the highest population frequency in Indonesia, are Jabodetabek where traffic jams occured almost everyday. PT Kereta Commuter Indonesia has the main duty to provide KRL trips around Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi, Cikarang, Maja, and Rangkasbitung. One of the most crowded is Bogor – Manggarai crossing because of the large number of workers from Bogor to Jakarta using KRL. KRL on that area are still lack because there are many passengers who could not catch the train on rush hour and it is very crowded inside the KRL.. From the statements it is needed to analyse the load factor of the Manggarai - Bogor crossing KRL trip to accommodate the passengers safely and comfortably. This analysis aimed to determine the load factor and saturation cross point of the Bogor - Manggarai KRL. The analysis carried out was expected to get the right results to predict when the saturation cross point of the Bogor - Manggarai crossing which could be seen in terms of passenger growth, and obtain the value of load factors based on those calculations. The results of the study stated that when the peak hour trip was now saturated -3.44 years the load factor 153%, the maximum trip based on the initial trip was saturated -1.15 years and the load factor 115%, the stamformation trip 12 showed a saturation rate at 0.58 years and a load a factor of 93%. When off peak hour crossing Bogor - Manggarai trip now showed a saturation rate of 2.71 years and a load factor at 72%, a maximum trip based on an initial trip, showing a 5.1 year rate and a load factor at 53%, a stamformasi 12 trip showing a saturation rate 6.76 years and a load factor at 43%.

scholarly journals Analysis Performance Of Conventional Algorithm And HMS Algorithm For Four-Way Intersection With Modified Round Robin

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wirawan Istiono
Keyword(s):  
Round Robin ◽  
Traffic Jam ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Conventional Algorithm

Traffic jam is currently one of the main problems for densely populated cities like Jakarta, Indonesia. One problem that causes traffic jams in Jakarta is that the traffic lights are too fast, which causes many cars to not be able to pass the traffic lights. There are already many algorithms to overcome this problem and get the right time for traffic lights based on how many vehicles are waiting in line, such as the HMS Algorithm and Conventional Algorithm. This research objective is to compare which algorithm has better performance to find the right amount of time for traffic lights to reduce traffic jams at four-way intersections with modified Round Robin method. And the result shown that the HMS algorithm is very suitable to be used in any condition for large or little vehicles, while conventional algorithms are only suitable to use for vehicles in the one little lane or the vehicles in one lane with other lane direction in the same place of lane

Analysis of Robin Hood and Other Hashing Algorithms Under the Random Probing Model, With and Without Deletions

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-617
Author(s):  
P. V. POBLETE ◽  
A. VIOLA
Keyword(s):  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Recurrence Equation ◽  
Constant Time ◽  
Collision Resolution ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Hash Tables ◽  
Search Cost ◽  
Robin Hood ◽  
Small Constant ◽  
Load Factors

Thirty years ago, the Robin Hood collision resolution strategy was introduced for open addressing hash tables, and a recurrence equation was found for the distribution of its search cost. Although this recurrence could not be solved analytically, it allowed for numerical computations that, remarkably, suggested that the variance of the search cost approached a value of 1.883 when the table was full. Furthermore, by using a non-standard mean-centred search algorithm, this would imply that searches could be performed in expected constant time even in a full table.In spite of the time elapsed since these observations were made, no progress has been made in proving them. In this paper we introduce a technique to work around the intractability of the recurrence equation by solving instead an associated differential equation. While this does not provide an exact solution, it is sufficiently powerful to prove a bound of π2/3 for the variance, and thus obtain a proof that the variance of Robin Hood is bounded by a small constant for load factors arbitrarily close to 1. As a corollary, this proves that the mean-centred search algorithm runs in expected constant time.We also use this technique to study the performance of Robin Hood hash tables under a long sequence of insertions and deletions, where deletions are implemented by marking elements as deleted. We prove that, in this case, the variance is bounded by 1/(1−α), where α is the load factor.To model the behaviour of these hash tables, we use a unified approach that we apply also to study the First-Come-First-Served and Last-Come-First-Served collision resolution disciplines, both with and without deletions.

scholarly journals Insights, Trends and Challenges Associated with Measuring Coal Relative Permeability

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Dylan Shaw ◽  
Peyman Mostaghimi ◽  
Furqan Hussain ◽  
Ryan T. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Relative Permeability ◽  
Effective Stress ◽  
History Matching ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Stress Regime ◽  
Cross Point ◽  
Irreducible Water Saturation ◽  
Relative Permeability Curves ◽  
The Right

Due to the poroelasticity of coal, both porosity and permeability change over the life of the field as pore pressure decreases and effective stress increases. The relative permeability also changes as the effective stress regime shifts from one state to another. This paper examines coal relative permeability trends for changes in effective stress. The unsteady-state technique was used to determine experimental relativepermeability curves, which were then corrected for capillary-end effect through history matching. A modified Brooks-Corey correlation was sufficient for generating relative permeability curves and was successfully used to history match the laboratory data. Analysis of the corrected curves indicate that as effective stress increases, gas relative permeability increases, irreducible water saturation increases and the relative permeability cross-point shifts to the right.

scholarly journals A Measure of Capacity Contribution of Static Mono-Si Photovoltaic Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Constantinos Varnavas ◽  
Andreas Poullikkas
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
High System ◽  
Installed Capacity

Photovoltaic (PV) systems generate electricity in the daytime when system demand is generally moderate to high. For Mediterranean countries, there is also seasonal coincidence of high system demand and high PV load factors. The present study quantifies the above statements by calculating the load factor of the PV system when system demand is high (above 90–99% of the maximum demand of the month). The percentage of time the PV load factor is above 90% for these periods of maximum demand is evaluated. The PV load capacity contribution is defined in this study as the minimum PV load factor during these periods of high demand. Actual generation data from a static (without tracking) mono-Si PV system, recorded every half hour for the year 2010 are compared to system demand data. The seasonality analysis indicates that PV contribution to capacity is only significant during the months May–October. For the months November–April, when daily demand peak occurs during the evening, PVs do not contribute towards capacity. The evaluated capacity contribution of PV systems depends on the threshold of maximum demand considered (90%–99%). For the threshold of 95%, the capacity contribution for May–October ranges between 27%–41% of PV installed capacity.

Parametric Instability of Tapered Beams by Finite Element Method

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Datta ◽  
S. Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Parametric Instability ◽  
Mathieu Equation ◽  
Stability Diagram ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
Principal Region ◽  
Dynamic Load Factor

The dynamic stability behaviour of a tapered beam has been studied using a finite element analysis. The instability zones of the parametric stability diagram have been discussed for the entire ranges of static and dynamic load factors. It has been observed that at high values of static load and beyond a particular value of the dynamic load factor, the periodic solution of the Mathieu equation does not exist in the principal region. This leads to unstable behaviour due to large displacement of the beam due to increasing values of static and dynamic load factors.

Bolt Load Changes Due to Internal Pressure in Gasketed Flange Connections

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Nagata ◽  
Mitsuhiro Matsumoto ◽  
Toshiyuki Sawa
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Performance Point ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
Sealing Performance

Bolt load changes due to internal pressure are very important in order to evaluate the integrity of gasketed flange connections in the sealing performance point of view, because its gasket stress which dominates leak rate changes according to the bolt load changes. For establishing a connection possesses high reliability and sufficient integrity, it is necessary to clarify the mechanics ofgasketed flange connections. For this purpose, authors carried out experimental pressurizing tests for 3B and 20B gasketed flange connections clamped by various bolt preloads and measured the bolt load changes with increasing internal pressure up to 5MPa. Also a load factor, which is defined as the ratio of axial bolt force increment to pressure thrust force, was calculated using the test results. The test results indicate that 3B and 20B flange connections with the spiral wound gaskets have a constant load factors under sufficient initial clamping forces in assemble.

Static aeroelastic optimisation to wing structural weight estimation of an extremely manoeuvrable UAV

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (1218) ◽  
pp. 1033-1043
Author(s):  
L. Yi ◽  
Y. Jun ◽  
K. Bin
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Wing Structure ◽  
Aircraft Conceptual Design ◽  
The Finite Element Model

Abstract Estimating the wing structural weight of an extremely manoeuvrable Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) during conceptual design has proven to be a significant challenge due to its high load factor (the ratio of an aircraft lift to its weight). The traditional empirical method relies on existing statistical data of previously built aircraft, then is inadequate for the innovative UAV structure design which can endure extremely manoeuvrable load (load factor is greater than 9g). In this paper, the finite element model for wing structure of an extremely manoeuvrable UAV with foreplane was built, and the structural weight was estimated by static aeroelastic optimisation considering structural strength and buckling constraints. The methodology developed here is only consisted of three components, which is much less than that for existing method, thus the procedure developed here sacrificed some accuracy, but it’s faster and more suitable for aircraft conceptual design. It was validated by the overlap between the weights given by the methodology, and the results from empirical equations when the load factors are less than 9g. Through the analysis procedure developed, the wing structural weights of the extremely manoeuvrable UAV were given under different load cases (load factor changes from 5g to 12g).

Comparison of Recent Parametric Trenched and Partially Embedded/ Spanning Pipelines With DNV-RP-F109 Load Reduction Design Curves

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Griffiths ◽  
Wenwen Shen ◽  
Mengmeng Xu ◽  
Jeremy Leggoe
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Cfd Analyses ◽  
Reduction Factors

An extensive series of 2D CFD analyses of subsea pipelines with parametrically varying seabed profiles have been performed in the past two years. These cases feature variations on wave and current flow conditions with pipeline partial embedment or spanning which extend beyond the range of conditions which have been published to date. This paper presents a comparison of the reduction factors calculated from this work with DNV-RP-F109 load factors and previous published research. At present, the DNV-RP-F109 partial embedment / trenched pipeline load reduction factors are applied in both absolute stability analysis and also as a reduction factor on hydrodynamic force-time histories used in dynamic stability analysis. The suitability of this load factor reduction for dynamic stability analysis will also be considered. In addition, a limited number of cases have been constructed in 3D which provide some initial insights into the variation of hydrodynamic loads across a pipeline span as a function of finite span length, enabling the validity of applying the 2D DNV load reduction factors across a 3D span to be considered. The 3D cases also consider inclined attack angles, and the effect they have on hydrodynamic forces across a span.

Rational Stress Limits and Load Factors for Finite Element Analyses in Pipeline Applications: Part III — Elastic-Plastic Load Factor Development

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhett Dotson ◽  
Chris Alexander ◽  
Ashwin Iyer ◽  
Al Gourlie ◽  
Richard Kania
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
First Case ◽  
Load Factors

In this paper, a methodology is presented to develop load factors for use in elastic-plastic assessments of pipelines and their components. The load factors are based on the pipe material properties and the ASME pipeline code’s design margin for the service and location of the pipeline installation [1, 2]. These codes are recognized by 49 CFR 192 and 195 [3, 4]. Minimum required load factors for internal pressure loads can be derived analytically based on design equations from the ASME B31 piping codes and minimum material requirements for API 5L line pipe [6]. Once the load factor is established for a particular case, the elastic-plastic methodology may be used in the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of pipelines and related components. This methodology is particularly useful in the assessment of existing systems when linear elastic numerical analysis shows that local stresses may exceed the elastic design limits. Two case studies are presented showing analyses performed with Abaqus [5], a commercial, general purpose FEA software package. The first case study provides an assessment of a large diameter elbow where the stress on the outer fibers of the intrados exceeded the longitudinal stress limits from B31.8. The second case study examines an assessment of a tee connection where the stresses on the ID exceeded the yield strength of the component. In addition to the case studies, the paper also presents the results of a full-scale test that demonstrated what margin was present when the numerical calculations were based on specified minimum properties. This paper is not intended to revise or replace any provision of B31.4 and/or B31.8 [1, 2]. Instead, it provides the means for calculating load factors that can be used with an elastic-plastic analysis approach in a manner that provides the same design margins as the ASME B31 codes. The approach described in this paper is intended for use in the detailed FEA of pipelines and their associated components.

scholarly journals The superb Brazilian Fortresses of Macapá and Príncipe da Beira

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Campos
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Architecture ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Cross Point ◽  
Regional Conflict ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

During the eighteenth century Portugal developed a large military construction process in the Ultramarine possessions, in order to compete with the new born colonial trading empires, mainly Great Britain, Netherlands and France. The Portuguese colonial seashores of the Atlantic Ocean (since the middle of the sixteenth century) and of the Indian Ocean (from the end of the first quarter of the seventeenth century) were repeatedly coveted, and the huge Portuguese colony of Brazil was also harassed in the south during the eighteenth century –here due to problems in a diplomatic and military dispute with Spain, related with the global frontiers’ design of the Iberian colonies. The Treaty of Madrid (1750) had specifically abrogated the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) between Portugal and Spain, and the limits of Brazil began to be defined on the field. Macapá is situated in the western branch of Amazonas delta, in the singular cross-point of the Equator with Tordesillas Meridian, and the construction of a big fortress began in the year of 1764 under direction of Enrico Antonio Galluzzi, an Italian engineer contracted by Portuguese administration to the Commission of Delimitation, which arrived in Brazil in 1753. In consequence of the political panorama in Europe after the Seven Years War (1756-1763), a new agreement between Portugal and Spain was negotiated (after the regional conflict in South America), achieved to the Treaty of San Idefonso (1777), which warranted the integration of the Amazonas basin. It was strategic the decision to build, one year before, the huge fortress of Príncipe da Beira, arduously realized in the most interior of the sub-continent, 2000 km from the sea throughout the only possible connection by rivers navigation. Domingos Sambucetti, another Italian engineer, was the designer and conductor of the jobs held on the right bank of Guaporé River, future frontier’s line with Bolivia. São José de Macapá and Príncipe da Beira are two big fortresses Vauban’ style, built under very similar projects by two Italian engineers (each one dead with malaria in the course of building), with the observance of the most exigent rules of the treaties of military architecture.

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