scholarly journals Unresolved Judicial Conflict and Critical Infrastructure

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-637
Author(s):  
Steven Ferrey
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Core ◽  
American Law ◽  
Legal Outcomes ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
American Economy

Choice of law affects legal outcomes at the core of Anglo-American law. This Article analyzes what electricity is, how the law regards it, and concludes by examining the confusion and inconsistency created by many courts. Even finishing second among the most important inventions in history (second behind only the movable type printing press) highlights the essential role of electricity in the American economy: Among the most important inventions in human history, electricity is the only one which also is essential and irreplaceable to operate seven other of the “top 50” inventions of all time: the Internet, computers, air-conditioning, radio, television, the telephone, and semiconductors.

scholarly journals Information Technology In A New Normal Era

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Lamudur Arta Sihombing ◽  
Lamhot Martua Situmeang ◽  
Rosmey Meriaty Br. Sormin
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Business Education ◽  
The Internet ◽  
New Normal ◽  
The Core ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Role Of Information

Various efforts to prevent the spread of Covid-19 have been carried out, which resulted in the formation of a new normal life order for the community. Some of the adjustments include doing all activities from home, always washing hands, wearing a mask, and keeping a distance. New normal is also closely related to Information Technology (IT), where some activities are carried out through information technology assistance. Work From Home (WFH), online learning, online health consultations, and wedding receptions are conducted through a virtual room. However, in fact, there are still many who have not mastered and understood this, so this research explains the role of information technology, which is so important and quite influential in the fields of economy and business, education, health, religion, and the Internet of Things which is the core of current information technology.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Habeas Corpus ◽  
American Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Anglo American

The Introduction provides an overview of the history of the writ of habeas corpus and an overview of the book, which tells the story of what is sometimes known as “the Great Writ” as it has unfolded in Anglo-American law. The primary jurisdictions explored are Great Britain and the United States, yet many aspects of this story will ring familiar to those in other countries with a robust habeas tradition. The book chronicles the longstanding role of the common law writ of habeas corpus as a vehicle for reviewing detentions for conformity with underlying law, as well as the profound influence of the English Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 on Anglo-American law. The Introduction highlights how the writ has at times failed to live up to its glorification by Blackstone and others, while noting that at other times it has proven invaluable to protection of liberty, including as a vehicle for freeing slaves and persons confined solely based on a King’s whim.

“Great Men,” Law, and the Social Construction of Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (03) ◽  
pp. 1093-1112
Author(s):  
Kara W. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Construction Of Technology ◽  
Origin Stories ◽  
The Social ◽  
American Law ◽  
Cultural Power ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Truth Finding

Is Alexander Graham Bell's fame owed to law and lawyers? Two recent histories argue that some popular tales of invention originated with lawyers and judges as part of patent litigation battles (Stathis Arapostathis and Graeme Gooday, Patently Contestable: Electrical Technologies and Inventor Identities on Trial in Britain[2013]; Christopher Beauchamp, Invented by Law: Alexander Graham Bell and the Patent That Changed America[2015]). Bringing law into the historical project of understanding the social construction of technology, the authors unsettle “great man” narratives of invention. A tale of a recent patent war is a case study in the persistence of such narratives, highlighting the uses of legal storytelling (Ronald K. Fierstein, A Triumph of Genius: Edwin Land, Polaroid, and the Kodak Patent War[2015]). Together, these works invite consideration of the cultural power possessed by invention origin stories, the role of narratives in law and history, and the judicial performance of truth finding in Anglo-American law.

scholarly journals Reconceptualizing the Role of Security User

Daedalus ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jean Camp
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The Internet ◽  
End User ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Innovation And Diffusion

The Internet is not the only critical infrastructure that relies on the participation of unorganized and technically inexpert end users. Transportation, health, waste management, and disaster preparedness are other areas where cooperation between unorganized citizens who lack experience with the domain has increased resiliency, reduced social costs, and helped meet shared goals. Theories of community-based production and management of the commons explain this type of cooperation, both offline and online. This essay examines these two complementary approaches to organizing the cybercitizen for cybersecurity. Cybersecurity discourse has reasonably focused on centralized parties and network operators. From domain name registrars to network service providers, solutions are sought through incentives, regulation, and even law enforcement. However great the ability of these centralized entities to implement change, the end user plays a crucial role. The Internet must remain open to enable innovation and diffusion of innovation; thus, the end user will continue to be important. What is the role of the citizen in cybersecurity? What socio-technical characteristics might enable a system that encourages and empowers users to create a secure infrastructure?

Disaster Management and Continuity Planning in Libraries

2019 ◽  
pp. 500-524
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hamilton ◽  
Diane Brown
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Continuity Planning ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Year 2000

Since the year 2000 libraries' concepts of disaster management, contingency planning and the role of libraries in a major disruptive event have changed dramatically. Libraries have gone from an emphasis on protecting and restoring collections and facilities to an emphasis on service continuity. Although broadband adoption nationwide remains disproportionate at best, the advent and widespread use of the Internet and e-government mean that libraries have become the centers of communication for their communities in a crisis. This chapter will demonstrate the essential role of libraries before, during and after a disaster, both short term and long term and how to get a seat at the table with community planners by demonstrating the functions that are critical to recovery. In order to fulfill this community role, a library first needs to be prepared with its own business continuity plan.

Justice and Fairness in Law's Empire

1993 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-88
Author(s):  
T.R.S. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Morality ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
American Law ◽  
Political Principle ◽  
Law And Morality ◽  
Anglo American

Two important themes in Ronald Dworkin's work have contributed much to an understanding of Anglo-American law. He has insisted on the inter-connection between law and morality, emphasising the role of the judge's political morality in his judgments about the law. He has also argued that individual rights should be understood as anti-utilitarian or anti-majoritarian in character: they operate as constraints on majority decisions about the public interest or general welfare. In combination, these theories have provided an explanation of the legitimacy, in a democracy, of leaving undeniably “political” questions to unelected judges. Judges determine legal rights by applying (legal and political) principle. Matters of policy—understood as raising questions of the general welfare or the public interest— are primarily the concern of the other branches of government. Though policy questions are of concern to judges in the context of statutory construction, where the courts must decide what the legislature has in its wisdom enacted, it is their creative and evaluative role in respect of principle—concerning the moral and legal rights of individuals—which is the hallmark of adjudication, properly understood.1

The Role of Hysteresis in Caching Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Guilherme Domingues ◽  
Gabriel Mendonça ◽  
Edmundo De Souza E Silva ◽  
Rosa M. M. Leão ◽  
Daniel S. Menasché ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Object Retrieval ◽  
The Core ◽  
Hit Rate

Caching is a fundamental element of networking systems since the early days of the Internet. By filtering requests toward custodians, caches reduce the bandwidth required by the latter and the delay experienced by clients. The requests that are not served by a cache, in turn, comprise its miss stream. We refer to the dependence of the cache state and miss stream on its history as hysteresis. Although hysteresis is at the core of caching systems, a dimension that has not been systematically studied in previous works relates to its impact on caching systems between misses, evictions, and insertions. In this article, we propose novel mechanisms and models to leverage hysteresis on cache evictions and insertions. The proposed solutions extend TTL-like mechanisms and rely on two knobs to tune the time between insertions and evictions given a target hit rate. We show the general benefits of hysteresis and the particular improvement of the two thresholds strategy in reducing download times, making the system more predictable and accounting for different costs associated with object retrieval.

scholarly journals Kekhilafahan Islam, Globalisasi dan Gerilya Maya: Studi Kasus Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia

FIKRAH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Paelani Setia ◽  
M. Taufiq Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Global Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Boundaries

<p class="06IsiAbstrak"><span lang="EN-GB">This paper aims to explain the role of radical Islamic organizations in the era of globalization. The case study taken in this research is Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). As a transnational organization, Hizb ut-Tahrir grew and crossed national boundaries, including arriving in Indonesia and playing an essential role in shaping public opinion in Indonesia. This study uses qualitative research methods to collect data through online observation, which is described by content analysis. The findings of this study are Hizb ut-Tahrir Indonesia is part of the players of globalization. This is evidenced by the organization's involvement in 50 countries and five continents globally supported by their global media. In Indonesia, although the Government disbanded it in 2017, Hizb ut-Tahrir's activities are still strengthened and maintained through globalization instruments such as the internet. HTI then carried out virtual guerrilla activities to keep the idea of a caliphate grounded.</span></p>

Online Hinduism

2019 ◽  
pp. 162-178
Author(s):  
Heinz Scheifinger
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Mass Mobilization ◽  
Hindu Tradition ◽  
Religious Transformation ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Technological Platform

Technological change is a fundamental element of modernity, and an exploration of modern Hinduism must take seriously the role of technology in religious transformation. While the nineteenth century saw the introduction of the printing press as a new tool for mass mobilization, the Internet has become the technological platform for religious innovation and transformation since the last decade of the twentieth century. This chapter gives an introduction to the topic of Hinduism online. It starts by giving a brief overview of the short history of Hinduism online, with the first movements and temples establishing a presence on the World Wide Web from the mid-1990s. Focusing on the core concept of pūjā, the chapter argues that online Hinduism and the wider Hindu tradition are so closely linked that it makes little sense to see the online and the offline as separate realms. In fact, online Hinduism is an integral part of contemporary Hinduism, and the Internet has already spurred interesting questions and dilemmas of theology and religious authority in the Hindu tradition and will certainly continue to do so.

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