scholarly journals Attendance Without Presence: Measuring Cognitive Class Avoidance Among Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Arvid Nagel ◽  
Horst Biedermann
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Construct Validation ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Absenteeism ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Core ◽  
Ninth Grade Students ◽  
Analysis Point

While the term “school absenteeism” refers to a student’s withdrawal from the reach of classroom instruction, we explicitly opt for the term “class avoidance.” Existing studies on this phenomenon have primarily dealt with unauthorized physical absence from class. However, in our contribution, we extend the scope to cognitive absence. The behavior of students who are physically present but cognitively disengaged has largely been neglected in educational research thus far. This deficit stands in contrast to the widely accepted importance of cognitive activation in the classroom. The core of our contribution consists in the presentation and the construct validation of a newly developed scale for measuring cognitive class avoidance (inattention in class). We evaluated this measurement instrument in a cross-sectional study with a sample of 171 seventh- to ninth-grade students (M = 14.3 years, SD = .94). Our data confirmed a theoretically founded g-factor model. The results of the analysis point to a limited prevalence of cognitive class avoidance. Such forms of behavior were significantly more frequently reported by boys than by girls, however.

Clustering Analysis of the Care Problems of People with Dementia Based on the Minimum Spanning Tree Algorithm: A Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minmin Leng ◽  
Yue Sun ◽  
Hui Chang ◽  
Zhiwen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Spanning Tree ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Core ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Care Problems

BACKGROUND Recognizing the correlations between care problems of people with dementia could be beneficial, as it may help clinicians choose treatment methods because related symptom groups may respond to the same treatment intervention. However, generalizable data on the prevalence of care problems and potential clusters of care problems in people with dementia in China remain unavailable. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to (1) evaluate the prevalence of various care problems of people with dementia, and (2) explore the core care problems and the correlation between care problems of people with dementia. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was adopted to identify the care problems of people with dementia reported by family caregivers. The questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part was mainly socio-demographic questions of people with dementia. The second part was the care problems evaluation sheet which involved three aspects: daily living care problems, behavioral and psychological symptoms, and safety risks. Care problems of people with dementia were measured with this care problems evaluation sheet. Clustering analysis of the care problems based on Kruskal's minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm was performed in the Jupyter Notebook software to explore the core care problems and the correlation between care problems. RESULTS A total of 687 participants were included in the analysis. In general, the prevalence of having difficulty in language performance, agitated behavior, incidence of falls was relatively higher in people with dementia, which distressed their family caregivers. Through the clustering analysis based on the Kruskal's MST algorithm, the 63 care problems were clustered into 7 clusters. The 7 core care problems were “Don't know how to dress in order”, “Refusing to take a bath”, “Bedridden”, “Hitting, kicking, pushing, or biting others”, “Pacing and aimless wandering”, “Complaining”, and “Choking on food”. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of various care problems was high. Through the clustering analysis, care problems were clustered into 7 clusters and 7 core care problems were identified. The identity of just a few core care problems instead of a large number of them might have relevant clinical implications, in the sense that it may lead to a greater ease in the identification of underlying etiologies and to more rational treatments in people with dementia.

scholarly journals Assessment of transparent and reproducible research practices in the psychiatry literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. e100149
Author(s):  
Caroline Elizabeth Sherry ◽  
Jonathan Z Pollard ◽  
Daniel Tritz ◽  
Branden K Carr ◽  
Aaron Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Reproducible Research ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Core ◽  
Scientific Advancement ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Number Of Publications

BackgroundReproducibility is a cornerstone of scientific advancement; however, many published works may lack the core components needed for study reproducibility.AimsIn this study, we evaluate the state of transparency and reproducibility in the field of psychiatry using specific indicators as proxies for these practices.MethodsAn increasing number of publications have investigated indicators of reproducibility, including research by Harwicke et al, from which we based the methodology for our observational, cross-sectional study. From a random 5-year sample of 300 publications in PubMed-indexed psychiatry journals, two researchers extracted data in a duplicate, blinded fashion using a piloted Google form. The publications were examined for indicators of reproducibility and transparency, which included availability of: materials, data, protocol, analysis script, open-access, conflict of interest, funding and online preregistration.ResultsThis study ultimately evaluated 296 randomly-selected publications with a 3.20 median impact factor. Only 107 were available online. Most primary authors originated from USA, UK and the Netherlands. The top three publication types were cohort studies, surveys and clinical trials. Regarding indicators of reproducibility, 17 publications gave access to necessary materials, four provided in-depth protocol and one contained raw data required to reproduce the outcomes. One publication offered its analysis script on request; four provided a protocol availability statement. Only 107 publications were publicly available: 13 were registered in online repositories and four, ten and eight publications included their hypothesis, methods and analysis, respectively. Conflict of interest was addressed by 177 and reported by 31 publications. Of 185 publications with a funding statement, 153 publications were funded and 32 were unfunded.ConclusionsCurrently, Psychiatry research has significant potential to improve adherence to reproducibility and transparency practices. Thus, this study presents a reference point for the state of reproducibility and transparency in Psychiatry literature. Future assessments are recommended to evaluate and encourage progress.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of Australian medical student attitudes towards older people confirms a four-factor structure and psychometric properties of the Australian Ageing Semantic Differential

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e036108
Author(s):  
Mark Wilson ◽  
Yvonne Tran ◽  
Ian Wilson ◽  
Susan E Kurrle
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
Older People ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Student Attitudes

ObjectivesThe Australian Ageing Semantic Differential (AASD) survey was developed to quantify medical student attitudes towards older people. The purpose of this study is to examine psychometric properties of the survey and confirm its factor structure of four composites.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThree medical schools in three Australian states: Victoria, Western Australia and South Australia.ParticipantsThird-year or fourth-year medical students (n=188, response rate=79%).Outcome measuresIn the previous AASD study, exploratory factor analysis supported a four-factor model consisting of ‘Instrumentality’ (I), ‘Personal Appeal’ (PA), ‘Experience’ (E) and ‘Sociability’ (S). Congeneric one-factor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to examine model fit for factors using a new student sample (n=188).Psychometric properties of survey items and factors.Post-hoc analysis of pooled data from this study and earlier AASD study (n=509).ResultsIndices of fit (Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), standardised root mean square residual (SRMR)) for data to the factor model were: PA adequate fit (CFI=0.94, TLI=0.89, RMSEA=0.11 and SRMR=0.05), I good fit (CFI=0.99, TLI=0.99, RMSEA=0.04 and SRMR=0.03), S good fit (CFI=0.98, TLI=0.95, RMSEA=0.06 and SRMR=0.03) and E excellent fit (CFI=1.0, TLI=1.0, RMSEA=0.00 and SRMR=0.01).The AASD was internally consistent (Cronbach’s alpha=0.84), without difference in mean student scores by institution. Mean AASD score was positive for medical students outside New South Wales (73.2/114).Mean I score for all Australian students was negative, with female respondents’ mean E score significantly higher than their counterparts. A positive correlation between student age and I score was noted.ConclusionsThe AASD is internally consistent and generalisable within Australia, with acceptable structural validity for measuring medical student attitudes towards older people within a four-factor model. Student attitudes were positive globally and within all factors except I. Female students rated older persons E more positively. Older students recorded more positive attitudes towards I of older people.

COVID-19- HAB scale: Validation of a scale of perception of habits shifting during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1788-1791
Author(s):  
Christian R. Mejia ◽  
J. Franco Rodriguez-Alarcon ◽  
Dayana Ticona ◽  
Maria F. Fernandez ◽  
Renzo Felipe Carranza-Esteban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Validation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consistency Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Bartlett Test ◽  
Pilot Sample

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has made the daily life difficult for thousands of people around the world. The measurements taken by many governments have reduced personal liberties and obligated many to change their habits and lifestyles. Objective: To validate a scale that measures the perception of habits shifting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was an instrumental, analytical, and cross-sectional study with a pilot sample of 417 respondents. A form validation was carried out with the participation of 10 experts who evaluated the scale. Their assessments were used to calculate Aiken coefficient. The explorative factor analysis was carried out using KMO and Bartlett test. Finally, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to get internal consistency. Results: The KMO measure was 0.92 and the Bartlett test was significative. With these results, factor determination was performed resulting in a 1-factor model which contains 71.45% of the total variance and with factorial charges between 0.46-0.88. Then, Cronbach’s coefficient was 0.89, assuring good reliability to the scale. Conclusion: The COVID-19-HAB scale is a validated scale and it could be applied to measure the habits acquired by the general population during health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Key words: Validation study; Habits; Pandemics; COVID-19.

scholarly journals Smoking Status and the Five-Factor Model of Personality: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study Conducted in Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Buczkowski ◽  
Małgorzata Basinska ◽  
Anna Ratajska ◽  
Katarzyna Lewandowska ◽  
Dorota Luszkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Use of Complementary Medicine in Competitive Sports: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Gabriele Rotter ◽  
Lisa Schollbach ◽  
Sylvia Binting ◽  
Christina Dornquast ◽  
Johannes Scherr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Medicine ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Medicine Use ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standardized Measurement

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Although complementary medicine is frequently used in Germany, there is almost no information about complementary medicine use in competitive sports. The aim was to assess the use of complementary medicine among elite athletes in Germany. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> A cross-sectional study among athletes was performed between March 2012 and September 2013. Athletes of both sexes who visited a sports medical outpatient clinic in Munich, Bavaria were included. Data about the use of complementary medicine were collected by means of a standardized measurement instrument, the German version of the international complementary and alternative medicine questionnaire. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 334 athletes (female 25%, mean age 20.2 ± 6.6 years) who completed all 4 sections of the questionnaire, 69% reported the use of at least one type of complementary medicine within the last 12 months. 505 athletes (female 26%, mean age 20.5 ± 7.0 years) completed at least one section of the questionnaire entirely. Within 12 months, the osteopath (11%), herbal medicine (17%), vitamins/minerals (32%), and relaxation techniques (15%) were the most frequently visited/used in relation to the respective sections of the questionnaire. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Complementary medicine is frequently used by athletes in Germany. The efficacy, safety, and costs of complementary medicine should be investigated in clinical trials among athletes in the future.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on school absenteeism among female adolescents during menstruation in the rural Jharkhand

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1824
Author(s):  
Vidyasagar . ◽  
Kashmira Jilani
Keyword(s):  
Data Entry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Absenteeism ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
School Girls

Background: Girls especially during menstruation are likely to be affected in different ways by inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene conditions in schools, and this may contribute to unequal learning opportunities. For example, lack of adequate, separate private and secure toilets and washing facilities may discourage parents from sending girls to school. The objective of the study was to find the relation between wash facility and school absenteeism among the girls from a rural community of Jharkhand.Methods: Community based cross sectional study at the rural area among the school girls of classes 8 to 10. Pre tested semi structured questionnaire was used. Data entry at MS Excel and data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 20.0.Results: The mean age at menarche was 12.13 years. At school, separate wash area for girls was present in most of the cases 228 (61.1%). About 39 (9.9%) participants did not attend school during the menstrual days. Of this 29 (74%) believed that lack of separate wash at schools was a reason.Conclusions: Presence of separate wash area for girls at school was significantly (p-value<0.001) associated with good attendance during menstruations (96%).

scholarly journals School absenteeism during menstruation among adolescent girls in resettlement colonies of Delhi: a community-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Suneela Garg ◽  
Mongjam Meghachandra Singh ◽  
Yamini Marimuthu ◽  
Amod Borle ◽  
Nidhi Bhatnagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Absenteeism ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government School ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene

Background: School absenteeism during menstruation and its related effects are preventable through identification of factors associated with it and implementation of region specific appropriate public health measures. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of school absenteeism during menstruation and its associated factors among adolescent girls residing in the resettlement colonies of Delhi. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban resettlement colonies of Delhi during 2019 in which 712 school going adolescent girls were interviewed. The details about school absenteeism, its perceived reasons, various socio-demographic details, menstrual hygiene practices were assessed using pretested semi structured questionnaire. The data were entered in MS Excel and analysed using STATA statistical software version 14. Results: The prevalence of school absenteeism during menstruation among adolescent girls of resettlement colony was 43.1%(95% CI:39.5 – 46.7). Out of 307 girls who had school absenteeism, 285(92.8%) had missed for 1-3days. The most common self-reported reasons for school absenteeism during menstruation were pain during menstruation (75.6%) followed by staining of cloths(43.6%) and uncomfortable feeling(39.4%). Studying in government school (PR=1.4, 95% CI:1.1-2.0), suffering from menstruation-related problems(aPR=1.9, 95% CI:1.5-2.4) and pads being provided from schools(PR=1.3, 95% CI:1.1-1.7) were significantly associated with school absenteeism. Conclusions: Almost half of the adolescent girls in resettlement colonies had school absenteeism. The characteristics like government school, pads being provided from school, menstruation related problems like weakness, irritation, perceived weight gain and breast pain was significantly associated with school absenteeism. The factors associated with school absenteeism needs to be addressed with appropriate public health interventions.

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