Decreasing Effect of Kochujang on Body Weight and Lipid Levels of Adipose Tissues and Serum in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

Background: Dyslipidaemia is an important risk factor for development of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ocimum sanctum (OS) and metformin have shown to have antihyperlipidaemic effects. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of OS and Metformin on body weight & plasma lipid levels of high fat diet fed diabetic ratsMethods: Total of 30 male wistar rats (100-150gm) were obtained. Animals were fed with a high fat diet throughout the study (6 weeks). Diabetes was induced by using single intra-peritoneal injection of Streptozotocin 50mg/kg at the end of 4 weeks. Diabetic rats were divided into groups of 6 each and treated as follows: Group 1- Diabetic control, was given vehicle orally. Group 2- O.S. ethanolic extract 100mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days. Group 3- O.S. ethanolic extract 200mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days. Group 4- Metformin 100mg/day for 14 daysResults: At the end of 4 weeks, body weight of rats were significantly increased (p <0.05). Maximum weight gain was seen in control group whereas weight gain was least in O.S. 200mg/kg group (p >0.05). Decrease in body weight was seen in metformin group. Abdominal circumference of rats also showed similar pattern (p >0.05). OS 200 caused significant reduction in serum LDL levels (p <0.05) and significant rise of serum HDL levels (p <0.05) as compared to control group. Metformin also favourably affected the lipid profile and its effects were not significantly different from effects of OS 200 (p> 0.05).Conclusions: Present study revealed that Ocimum Sanctum caused significant reduction in serum lipid levels in high fat diet fed diabetic rats. Metformin also exhibited antihyperlipidaemic activity. So, it is concluded that OS or metformin alone or in combination could be a novel adjunct to diet and life style modification for the management of dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes. Further studies are required to confirm the antidyslipidaemic activities of individual phytoconstituents of Ocimum sanctum.

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Embelin modulates metabolic endotoxemia and associated obesity in high fat diet fed C57BL/6 mice

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327120934522 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 60-70

Author(s):

P Bansal ◽

U Bhandari ◽

K Sharma ◽

P Arya

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

The Body ◽

Histopathological Study ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

High Fat ◽

Serum Lipid Levels ◽

Metabolic Endotoxemia

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of embelin in metabolic endotoxemia (ME) mediated inflammation and associated obesity in high fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mice. The molecular docking of embelin confirms its binding with the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4). In vivo study, mice were treated with HFD for 8 weeks to induce ME mediated inflammation and associated obesity. Further, mice were treated with embelin (50 and 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and orlistat (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) from 5th to 8th week along with HFD to improve associated changes. After 8 weeks, mice were euthanized and assessed for body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat pad weights (mesenteric, retroperitoneal, and epididymal), intestinal permeability, TLR-4, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, lipopolysaccharide, and serum lipid levels followed by histopathological analysis of liver and adipose tissues. Embelin significantly decreased the body weight, BMI, serum lipid levels, ME, and inflammation manifested by above parameters. Further, results of histopathological study showed that embelin restored the vacuolization, inflammation, one side shifting of nucleus in liver tissue, and decreased adipocyte cells size in adipose tissue in HFD-fed mice. Thus, our findings provide the strong evidence first time that embelin could modulate ME, mediate inflammation, and consequently reduce body weight gain, BMI, and serum lipid levels in HFD-fed mice.

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Antiobesity, Regulation of Lipid Metabolism, and Attenuation of Liver Oxidative Stress Effects of Hydroxy-α-sanshool Isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum on High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/5852494 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Li Wang ◽

Wenxiang Fan ◽

Mengmeng Zhang ◽

Qing Zhang ◽

Lin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

The Body ◽

Efficiency Ratio ◽

High Fat ◽

Adipose Tissues ◽

Food Efficiency Ratio ◽

Zanthoxylum Bungeanum

Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to relieve pain, dispel dampness, stop diarrhea, and prevent itching. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects of hydroxy-α-sanshool (HAS) isolated from Z. bungeanum on hyperlipidemic rats. Wistar rats (n=48) were randomly divided into six groups: (1) normal diet rats (ND), (2) high-fat diet- (HFD-) treated rats, (3) HFD+fenofibrate-treated rats (HFD+FNB), (4) HFD+low dose of HAS-treated rats (HFD+LD, 9 mg/kg), (5) HFD+middle dose of HAS-treated rats (HFD+MD, 18 mg/kg), and (6) HFD+high dose of HAS-treated rats (HFD+HD, 36 mg/kg). The body weight and food intake of the rats were recorded during the treatment period. After 4 weeks of HAS treatment, abdominal adipose tissues were observed and total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) of serum and liver tissues were determined. Furthermore, histochemical examinations using oil red O and hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E) were carried out and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver were determined. After HFD feeding, the body weight gain and food efficiency ratio of HFD rats were significantly enhanced (p<0.05vs. ND rats) and HAS treatment (18 and 36 mg/kg) significantly decreased the body weight gain and food efficiency ratio (p<0.05vs. HFD rats). In addition, HAS treatment could decrease the abdominal adipose tissues and liver adipocytes. Furthermore, HAS treatment significantly decreased the T-CHO, TG, and LDL-C, whereas it increased HDL-C (p<0.05vs. HFD rats) in serum and the liver. HAS treatment increased the GSH level and SOD activity in the liver (p<0.05vs. HFD rats), whereas it decreased the levels of MDA (p<0.05vs. HFD rats). mRNA analyses suggested that HAS treatment increases the expression of Pparg (proliferator-activated receptor γ) and Apoe (peroxisome apolipoprotein E). Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting indicated that HAS stimulation increased the levels of PPARγ and APOE in the liver, as a stress response of the body defense system. These results revealed that HAS exerts antiobesity and hypolipidemic activities in HFD rats by reducing liver oxidative stress and thus could be considered as a potential candidate drug to cure or prevent obesity and hyperlipidemia.

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Dietary Administration of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Reduces High Fat Diet Induced Obesity and meta-inflammation in Mice

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3379 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 920-920

Author(s):

Sanjay Pandey Diksha Joshi ◽

Saurabh Singh ◽

Sushma Ray ◽

Anant Narayan Bhatt ◽

K Natarajan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Energy Restriction ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

High Fat ◽

Tissue Mass

Abstract Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, NAFLD, chronic diseases and cancer. Insulin resistance, oxidative stress, high ectopic lipid levels and meta-inflammation are the mechanisms proposed to play a leading role in the morbidity associated with obesity. Energy restriction mimetics (ERMAs) has also been shown earlier to reduce the scale and the severity of these disorders by mimicking the physiological effects of the Energy Restriction. In present study we propose that the use of 2-DG as ERMA can be effective in regulating the High Fat Diet (HFD) induced obesity. Effect of 2-DG (0.4% w/v in drinking water) on the HFD and Insulin Resistance (IR). HFD induced change in body weight, adipose tissue mass, and ectopic lipid levels was assessed as the measure of obesity.IR and glucose levels were also estimated to evaluate the effect of 2-DG on the insulin sensitivity in HFD mice. 2-DG significantly altered HFD induced increase in the mice body weight, epididymal White Adipose Tissue (WAT) and liver weight. 2-DG fed mice also showed reduced lipid levels in serum and liver. Furthermore, 2-DG also reduced the oxidative damage in the liver with concomitant increase in enzymatic (SOD and Catalase) and non-enzymatic (reduced Glutathione) antioxidant levels. 2-DG fed mice also showed reduced levels of Leptin, IL-6 and TGF-β which are early drivers of the etiology of the metabolic diseases. Our results suggest that 2-DG as ERMA can prevent obesity and etiology of associated disorders. However, more relevant models are needed to further strengthen these observation

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Protective Effects of 2-Dodecyl-6-Methoxycyclohexa-2,5 -Diene-1,4-Dione Isolated from Averrhoa Carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) Roots on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000453156 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 993-1004 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Juman Li ◽

Xiaojie Wei ◽

Qiuqiao Xie ◽

Thi Thai Hoa Pham ◽

Jinbin Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

The Body ◽

Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽

Protective Effects ◽

High Fat ◽

Adipose Tissues ◽

Averrhoa Carambola

Background/Aims: The roots of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related diseases. 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycycyclohexa-2,5-1,4-dione (DMDD) has been isolated from A. carambola L. roots, and this study was carried out to investigate the potential beneficial effects of DMDD on obesity and insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD for 16 weeks and orally administered DMDD (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg of body weight per day) and metformin (280 mg/kg of body weight per day) for the last 4 weeks. Results: The body weights and adipose tissue weights as well as the serum levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, insulin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly decreased by DMDD, and the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor (Myd88) in the epididymal adipose tissue was downregulated by DMDD. In contrast, insulin sensitivity was enhanced. The results of the glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, and insulin release tests indicated that there was a marked improvement in insulin secretion, and the areas under the curve corresponding to the three tests were also significantly decreased by DMDD. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were simultaneously enhanced, whereas the content of malondialdehyde was decreased by DMDD in the liver homogenates of the C57BL/6J mice. In addition, hepatic steatosis and adipocyte hypertrophy, as assessed by H&E staining of liver and adipose tissues, were significantly improved by DMDD. Conclusion: These data suggest that MDD has potential benefits for the treatment of HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance, and its effects may be associated with improvements in lipid metabolism and inhibition of the expression of TLR4 in adipose tissues.

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Effects of Cheongshimyeonja-tang on Body Weight and Serum Lipid Levels in High Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice

Herbal Formula Science ◽

10.14374/hfs.2014.22.1.123 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 123-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Young-Sik Yoon ◽

Seon-Oh Keum ◽

Se-Won Lee ◽

Il-Hyun Kim ◽

Ha-Il Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Obese Mice ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

High Fat ◽

Serum Lipid Levels

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Emodin Improves Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Obese Mice via Activating Brown Adipose Tissue and Inducing Browning of White Adipose Tissue

10.21203/rs.3.rs-76111/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Long Cheng ◽

Shuofeng Zhang ◽

Fei Shang ◽

Jianning Sun ◽

Shifen Dong

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

High Fat ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Lipid Metabolites ◽

O 18

Abstract Background: Obesity has become a worldwide health threat related to type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, etc. Activating brown adipocytes and inducing browning of white adipocytes has been proposed as a potential molecular target for obesity treatment. In the present study, we investigated the effects of emodin on browning in mice with high-fat diet (HFD) and explore its underlying pharmacological mechanisms. Methods: The positive effects of emodin (40, 80 mg/kg/day, i.g. for 6 weeks) on lipid metabolism were evaluated in mice model of hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia mice were induced by high-fat diet (60% of kilocalories from fat, 5.24 Kcal/kg) for 8 weeks. Body weight and food intake were monitored every week. After 6 weeks of treatment, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance, Lee's index, the ratio of fat weight to body weight, blood lipids, and adipose tissues morphology were assayed. Then uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), CD36, fatty acid transporter 4 (FATP4), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) and prohibitin (PHB) protein of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were analyzed. In addition, the lipid metabolites in adipose tissues were analyzed by ultra-high- performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.Results: Emodin treatment decreased body weight gain, fasting blood glucose, Lee's index, the ratio of scWAT weight to body weight, and the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and Leptin in serum, and increased serum adiponectin content and improved glucose tolerance. Furthermore, emodin enhanced the expression of UCP1, CD36, FATP4, PPARα and PHB protein in scWAT and BAT. Meanwhile, emodin can significantly up-regulated lipid levels in scWAT of mice fed with HFD such as PC(O-18:2/22:5), PE(O-18:1/18:2), PE(O-18:2/20:4), PE(O-20:1/20:5), Cer(d14:1/20:0) and SM(d18:0/23:0), and reduced the lipid levels such as PC(O-18:0/20:0), PE(O-18:2/22:2), PE(O-18:0/22:5). In addition, emodin significantly up-regulate lipid levels in BAT of mice fed with HFD such as PC(14:0/16:0), PC(16:0/16:1), PC(16:1/16:1), PC(15:1/18:3), PC(18:0/20:0), LysoPC(20:0), LysoPC(22:0) and LysoPC(22:1), and reduced the lipid levels PC(12:0/20:4) and PC(17:0/22:5). Conclusions: These results indicated that hyperlipidemia could be alleviated by treatment of emodin via promoting browning of white adipose tissue. In addition, the disturbance of some small lipid metabolites in adipose also could be reversed by emodin.

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Endurance and Resistance Training Affect High Fat Diet-Induced Increase of Ceramides, Inflammasome Expression, and Systemic Inflammation in Mice

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2016/4536470 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Cornelia Mardare ◽

Karsten Krüger ◽

Gerhard Liebisch ◽

Michael Seimetz ◽

Aline Couturier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Inflammasome Activation ◽

Standard Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Adipose Tissues

The study aimed to investigate the effects of differentiated exercise regimes on high fat-induced metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Mice were fed a standard diet (ST) or a high fat diet (HFD) and subjected to regular endurance training (ET) or resistance training (RT). After 10 weeks body weight, glucose tolerance, fatty acids (FAs), circulating ceramides, cytokines, and immunological mediators were determined. The HFD induced a significant increase in body weight and a disturbed glucose tolerance (p<0.05). An increase of plasma FA, ceramides, and inflammatory mediators in adipose tissue and serum was found (p<0.05). Both endurance and resistance training decreased body weight (p<0.05) and reduced serum ceramides (p<0.005). While RT attenuated the increase of NLRP-3 (RT) expression in adipose tissue, ET was effective in reducing TNF-αand IL-18 expression. Furthermore, ET reduced levels of MIP-1γ, while RT decreased levels of IL-18, MIP-1γ, Timp-1, and CD40 in serum (p<0.001), respectively. Although both exercise regimes improved glucose tolerance (p<0.001), ET was more effective than RT. These results suggest that exercise improves HFD-induced complications possibly through a reduction of ceramides, the reduction of inflammasome activation in adipose tissues, and a systemic downregulation of inflammatory cytokines.

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