Protective Effects of Grape Juice on Vascular Damage Induced by Chlorine Free Radical in Rats

Free radical generation and oxidative stress push forward an immense influence on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Maclura tricuspidata fruit (MT) contains many biologically active substances, including compounds with antioxidant properties. The current study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of MT fruit on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with MT, and cell damage was induced by H2O2. First, the chemical composition and free radical scavenging properties of MT were analyzed. MT attenuated oxidative stress-induced damage in cells based on the assessment of cell viability. The H2O2-induced toxicity caused by ROS production and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was ameliorated by MT pretreatment. MT also promoted an increase in the expression of genes encoding the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). MT pretreatment was associated with an increase in the expression of neuronal genes downregulated by H2O2. Mechanistically, MT dramatically suppressed H2O2-induced Bcl-2 downregulation, Bax upregulation, apoptotic factor caspase-3 activation, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (JNK, ERK, and p38), and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, thereby preventing H2O2-induced neurotoxicity. These results indicate that MT has protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells and can be used to prevent and protect against neurodegeneration.

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8. Evaluation of Snow Fungus Polysaccharides on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA Damage

Inquiry@Queen's Undergraduate Research Conference Proceedings ◽

10.24908/iqurcp.10074 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Daisy Liu

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Free Radical ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Chinese Hamster ◽

Negative Control ◽

Lung Fibroblasts ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Tremella Fuciformis

Snow fungus, Tremella fuciformis, has been demonstrated to have numerous health benefits including purported chemopreventive properties due to free radical-scavenging ability. Protective effects derived from snow fungus polysaccharides are evaluated on Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CCL-39) exposed to carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene known to cause free radical formation and oxidative stress to cells. In this experiment, it was hypothesized that the naturally occurring polysaccharides in snow fungus are able to protect against or reduce oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. Polysaccharides were isolated through an alkaline extraction and in-vitro digestion. DNA damage was measured using the single-cell gel electrophoresis comet assay after exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and polysaccharide extract to lung fibroblasts. Results were calculated using the mean and standard deviation data of tail length and area, respectively. Each damaged cell was measured and analyzed through ImageJ Editing Software. The results indicate a promising trend which depict snow fungus polysaccharides yielding lower levels of DNA damage compared to cells exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and compared to the negative control (phosphate buffered saline and Dulbecco’s cell medium). This study suggests polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis could truly prevent cellular DNA damage by protecting against oxidative stress.

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Synthesis and Antioxidant of Some New Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, Pyrazolo[5,1-b]quinazoline and Imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole Derivatives Incorporating Phenylsulfonyl Moiety

Letters in Applied NanoBioScience ◽

10.33263/lianbs103.24142428 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 2414-2428

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radical ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Oxidative Hemolysis ◽

Elemental Analyses ◽

Phenolic Group ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

New Compounds

The synthesis and antioxidant of some new pyrazole analogs were described. It is achieved by the reaction of phenyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazole-3,5-diamine (3) with different bifunctional reagents. The free radical-induced damage and the protective effects of the newly synthesized pyrazoles were studied. These new compounds inhibit the free radical-induced oxidative hemolysis of red blood cells effectively. It was found that these compounds effectively inhibit the free radical-induced oxidative hemolysis of red blood cells. Compound 5, which contain phenolic group, and 17, which bear sulfur, nitrogen atoms, and benzothiazole ring, respectively displayed high antioxidant activity. Analogs 15, 11, 10, and 9 were proved to exhibit antioxidative activity. Structures of new pyrazoles were confirmed by spectroscopic and elemental analyses and have been screened for their antioxidant activity.

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Protective Effects of Resveratrol and its Analogues against Free Radical-Induced Oxidative Hemolysis of Red Blood Cells†

Chinese Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1002/cjoc.20020201126 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

pp. 1313-1318 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jian-Guo Fang ◽

Man Lu ◽

Lan-Ping Ma ◽

Li Yang ◽

Long-Min Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Free Radical ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Oxidative Hemolysis

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Blood Glucose Lowering Effect by an Extract from Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) – a pilot intervention study

Current Nutraceuticals ◽

10.2174/2665978602666210709103232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 02 ◽

Author(s):

Kirsten Berger ◽

Johanna Josefine Ostberg-Potthoff ◽

Tamara Bakuradze ◽

Peter Winterhalter ◽

Elke Richling

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Intervention Study ◽

Grape Juice ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Glucose Lowering ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Red Grape ◽

Pilot Intervention ◽

Phenolic Extracts

Background: The polyphenols from red fruits exhibit protective effects against degenerative diseases, including diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular disease, etc. Objective: In this small pilot intervention study with only ten volunteers, we investigated the influence of phenolic extracts prepared from an Aronia juice and a red grape juice concentrate on peripheral glucose, blood glucose, and insulin after the intake of a drink containing these extracts plus maltodextrin and water. Method: Maltodextrin in water served as control; additionally, phenolic extracts from Aronia or grape juice were added. Blood samples were taken before ingestion of the bolus drink and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 360 min after. Additionally, continuously the peripheral glucose was measured using a commercially available sensor system. Results: In all ten volunteers, the intake of Aronia extract (100 mg) reduced both the peripheral glucose and the blood glucose levels significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in comparison to the control. Blood insulin levels were not affected. Whereas the intake of red grape extract (120 mg) did not reduce the glucose levels but increased the insulin levels significantly. Conclusion: Our pilot study showed that even low amounts of a phenolic Aronia extract could lower glucose absorption. Thus, due to the blood glucose-lowering effects of Aronia phenolics in healthy volunteers, these preliminary results warrant further investigation in the frame of a follow-up study with a larger number of volunteers.

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C-peptide protects against hyperglycemic memory and vascular endothelial cell apoptosis

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-16-0349 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 231 (1) ◽

pp. 97-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mahendra Prasad Bhatt ◽

Yeon-Ju Lee ◽

Se-Hui Jung ◽

Yong Ho Kim ◽

Jong Yun Hwang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Umbilical Vein ◽

Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽

Vascular Damage ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

C Peptide ◽

Glucose Levels

C-peptide exerts protective effects against diabetic complications; however, its role in inhibiting hyperglycemic memory (HGM) has not been elucidated. We investigated the beneficial effect of C-peptide on HGM-induced vascular damage in vitro and in vivo using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and diabetic mice. HGM induced apoptosis by persistent generation of intracellular ROS and sustained formation of ONOO− and nitrotyrosine. These HGM-induced intracellular events were normalized by treatment with C-peptide, but not insulin, in endothelial cells. C-peptide also inhibited persistent upregulation of p53 and activation of mitochondrial adaptor p66shc after glucose normalization. Further, C-peptide replacement therapy prevented persistent generation of ROS and ONOO− in the aorta of diabetic mice whose glucose levels were normalized by the administration of insulin. C-peptide, but not insulin, also prevented HGM-induced endothelial apoptosis in the murine diabetic aorta. This study highlights a promising role for C-peptide in preventing HGM-induced intracellular events and diabetic vascular damage.

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