scholarly journals Establishment and control of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) with inert dusts in stored canola

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. ec02001
Author(s):  
Paulo S. G. Cremonez ◽  
Lucas A. de A. Moraes ◽  
Gisele S. de Aquino ◽  
Renato R. Machado ◽  
Rafael Hayashida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Basaltic Rock ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Rock Powder ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Inert Dusts ◽  
And Control

Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) is know as one of main pests of stored canola seeds worldwide, however, the cases of infestation in Brazil are still not reported. Due to its potential pest status allied to the increasing production of canola in Brazil, this work aims to evaluate the establishment of T. castaneum in canola stored seeds, as well as the effects of diferent inert dusts to its control. For stablishment determination, three substrates were tested: wheat bran (control); whole wheat seeds; and whole canola seeds. The insects remained in the substrates for 14 days, when mortality was counted, and then for aditional seven days before get removed, for progeny assessment at 66 days after initial exposure. For the insecticide potential of inert dusts, four treatments were tested in canola seeds as substrate: diatomaceous earth; basaltic rock powder; vegetable charcoal powder; and untreated canola seeds as control treatment. The beetles were exposed to the treated substrate and cumulated mortality was counted each two days for 15 days. Lower adult mortality and higher progeny in canola seeds indicates that these substrate is a potential host for T. castaneum. Diatomaceous earth and vegetable charcoal powder reduced the survival of adult beetles in canola in more than 60% at the end of the evaluation period. The T. castaneum adults and its offspring develops well in stored canola seeds. Additionally, the use of inert dusts, mainly diatomaceous earth and vegetable charcoal powder presents promising results of control of the beetle in stored canola seeds.

Bioefficacy of enhanced diatomaceous earth and botanical powders on the mortality and progeny production of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in stored grain cereals

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (04) ◽  
pp. 243-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Adarkwah ◽  
Daniel Obeng-Ofori ◽  
Vanessa Hörmann ◽  
Christian Ulrichs ◽  
Matthias Schöller
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Plant Powders

Abstract Food losses caused by insects during postharvest storage are of paramount economic importance worldwide, especially in Africa. Laboratory bioassays were conducted in stored grains to determine the toxicity of powders of Eugenia aromatica and Moringa oleifera alone or combined with enhanced diatomaceous earth (Probe-A® DE, 89.0% SiO2 and 5% silica aerogel) to adult Sitophilus granarius, Tribolium castaneum and Acanthoscelides obtectus. Adult mortality was observed up to 7 days, while progeny production was recorded at 6–10 weeks. LD50 and LT50 values for adult test insects exposed to plant powders and DE, showed that A. obtectus was the most susceptible towards the botanicals (LD50 0.179% and 0.088% wt/wt for E. aromatica and M. oleifera, respectively), followed by S. granarius. Tribolium castaneum was most tolerant (LD50 1.42% wt/wt and 1.40% wt/wt for E. aromatica and M. oleifera, respectively). The combined mixture of plant powders and DE controlled the beetles faster compared to the plant powders alone. LT50 ranged from 55.7 h to 62.5 h for T. castaneum exposed to 1.0% M. oleifera and 1.0% DE, and 0.5% E. aromatica and 1.0% DE, respectively. Botanicals caused significant reduction of F1 adults compared to the control. Combined action of botanical insecticides with DE as a grain protectant in an integrated pest management approach is discussed.

scholarly journals Oil and Powder of Spearmint as an Alternative to Sitophilus Oryzae Chemical Control of Wheat Grains

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aly Derbalah ◽  
Sahar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Stored Product Pests ◽  
Spearmint Oil

Oil and Powder of Spearmint as an Alternative toSitophilus OryzaeChemical Control of Wheat GrainsStored product pests such asSitophilus Oryzaeare a major concern. Alternative and safe control methods for such pests are needed. Therefore, powder and essential oil of Mentha viridis plant were tested under laboratory conditions for their ability to protect wheat grains against the insectS. oryzae. The insect was reared and tested on whole wheat grains. The emergence and adult mortality of the insectS. oryzaewere tested. The efficacy of these plant products was evaluated and compared with malathion. The standard compound for controllingS. oryzaehas been malathion. The effect of botanical products and malathion on the germination of wheat grains was also evaluated. The chemical components of spearmint oil were also identified using GC-MS analysis. The results showed that, the oil and powder ofM. viridiswere effective againstS. oryzaewith the respect to adults mortality. Also, the oil and powdered products ofM. viridissignificantly reduced the emergence ofS. oryzaecompared to the control treatment. Spearmint oil and powder do not significantly affect wheat grains germination relative to the control treatment. The efficacy of spearmint against the tested insect was due to the presence of a mixture of bioactive compounds. The results suggested that, spearmint oil and powder are promising as alternatives to chemical control used againstS. oryzaein wheat grains. Also, these spearmint products submit a solution of resistance development by insect due to the presence of a lot of bioactive components rather than the single insecticide.

Effect of biofertilizers and diatomaceous earth on life and movement of subterranean termites under laboratory conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 348-352
Author(s):  
Sohail Ahmed ◽  
Babar Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Umer Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Soil Substrate ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Significant Mortality

AbstractThe presence of biofertilizers can affect the life and movement of subterranean organisms in the soil. In the current study, the effect of three biofertilizers (Unigrow, Rhizogold and Rhizogold Plus) alone and in combination with diatomaceous earth (DE) and insecticides on mortality and movement of subterranean termites, Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann), was investigated under laboratory conditions. The mortality of termites in soil mixed with biofertilizers was low as compared to the control treatment, which led to significant mortality. Length of galleries formed by termites with the addition of Unigrow in the soil was significantly higher as compared to the other two biofertilizers and control treatments. Mortality increased in the presence of insecticides and DE in the soil substrate. Unigrow mixed soil having chlorfenapyr had maximum mortality and minimum gallery length followed by Rhizogold and Rhizogold Plus. The addition of DE and insecticide further enhances mortality, and we recommend that some toxic elements should be incorporated in biofertilizers to control subterranean termites.

scholarly journals Persistence and Effectiveness of Diatomaceous Earth and Spinosad® Against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Stored Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
C.F. Nwanade
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Laboratory Temperature ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Residual Effectiveness

The insecticidal and residual effectiveness of Diatomaceous Earth (DE) (Nigeria-derived) and Spinosad® against Sitophilus zeamais on stored rice were evaluated under laboratory temperature (30 ± 2°C) and relative humidity (70 ± 5%). Adult mortality and progeny emergence were studied at three dose rates of DE and Spinosad® (0.1g/kg, 0.5g/kg, and 1g/kg). Spinosad® at 0.1-1.0 g/kg dose rates demonstrated significant results in mortality compared to DE and control groups at 14 d post-treatment and after the 2nd month of storage treatment. Spinosad® treated grains at the same dose rates also resulted in a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the emergence of progeny. Unlike DE, Spinosad® showed some insecticidal efficacy against S. zeamais on storage.

scholarly journals Effect of Iron Fortified Wheat Flour on the Biology and Physiology of Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S5200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Ahmed ◽  
Waqas Wakil ◽  
H.M. Salman Saleem ◽  
Mohammad Shahid ◽  
M. Usman Ghazanfar
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Fortified Flour ◽  
And Control

Iron overload in the fortified flour can influence the life stages and physiology of the insects. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of commercially available premix iron fortified flour as well as effect of different concentrations of post-mix iron fortified flour (30–5 ppm) on biology of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Hebrst.). Larval and pupal duration, total developmental time, fecundity and larval weights in two consecutive generations of beetle were compared with control treatment. Amylase and protease activities of gut of the beetle were also measured in premix and postmix flours. Results showed that larval mortality increased in two sources of premix iron flour when compared with control. Larval weight was reduced in first generation only. The larval mortality was significantly higher in 30 ppm postmix iron fortified flour than in other postmix concentrations and control treatment. The larvae of T. castaneum fed on two sources of premix and in various concentrations of postmix iron fortified flour revealed an increase in amylases and decrease in protease activities.

scholarly journals The effect of mineral fertilisers and farmyard manure on grain and straw yield, quality and economical parameters of winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
Milan Vach ◽  
Zdeněk Abrhám ◽  
Ladislav Mensik ◽  
Eva Kunzová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Technology And Economy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Technological Methods

In the years 2011–2014, winter wheat grain yield, qualitative and economic parameters were evaluated according to different fertiliser treatments: (1) control: unfertilised treatment; (2) farmyard manure (FYM) and (3) FYM + NPK (farmyard manure applied together with mineral NPK). The highest yields (8.10 t/ha) were recorded in the FYM + NPK treatment, while significantly lower yields (6.20 t/ha and 5.73 t/ha) were recorded in FYM and control treatments, respectively. Similarly, statistically significantly higher values of the quality parameters were found in the FYM + NPK treatment (13.55% of crude protein content and 43.56 mL of Zeleny’s sedimentation test), compared to control (10% and 22.44 mL, respectively). The modelling expert system (AGROTEKIS-Crop Technology and Economy) was used for the evaluation of economy. This software is based on technological methods of cultivation and norms of material input costs and costs of individual mechanised works. The economic benefits and profitability were evaluated for three different levels of grain market price. The highest gross profit per ha was recorded in the FYM + NPK treatment. According to the gross profit, the control treatment provided better results than the FYM treatment.

Effect of Ethephon and Packaging Practices On Ripening of Mango cv. Maldah

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
S Sapkota ◽  
D Kc ◽  
H Giri ◽  
M Saud ◽  
M Basnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Juice Content

The present research was conducted on two factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and three replications. A set of experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of postharvest ethephon treatment and packaging on ripening of mango cv. Maldah. The treatments consisted of ripening agent i.e., ethephon and control treatment under different packaging condition i.e., fiber with hole, fiber without hole, plastic with hole and plastic without hole. The result revealed that different packaging condition and ripening agents influenced the ripening behavior of mango. The highest TSS (15.26), sugar-acid ratio (23.66) and juice content (126.05) were recorded with fiber (without hole) and the lowest TSS (12.60), sugar-acid ratio (9.01) and juice content (116.05) with plastic (without hole). The highest TA (1.44) was recorded with plastic (without hole) and the lowest (0.66) with fiber (without hole). Similarly, the highest BT (2.83) was recorded with fiber (with hole) and the lowest (1.66) with plastic (without hole). Firmness, sweetness, TSS and juice content were the highest with the interaction effect of fiber bag (without hole) and ethephon treatment. In conclusion, mango fruits with ethephon treatment packed in fiber bag (without hole) enhances quality and ripening of mango whereas under controlled condition and without hole plastic packaging mangoes had low quality performance in terms of physio-chemical properties. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 155-163 (2021)

scholarly journals Frequency in the supply of Lactobacillus influence its probiotic effect for yellow tail lambari

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Jatobá ◽  
Klayton Natan Moraes ◽  
Emanuel Fernandes Rodrigues ◽  
Leandro Marcolino Vieira ◽  
Marina Oliveira Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacillus ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Probiotic Effect

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to evaluate the changes in intestinal tract microbiota, hematological parameters and zootechnical indexes of yellowtail lambaris (Astyanax bimaculatus) fed with different probiotic supply frequencies (Lactobacillus spp.). Lambaris (1,200) were distributed in twelve boxes, divided in three treatments, 100% supply; 25% and 0% (control) of feeds supplemented with probiotic. After 87 days, fish fed with supplemented diet, regardless of frequency (100% and 25%), showed an increase in the total lactic acid bacteria count of 7.99±0.15 log CFU mL-1 and 7.04±1, 29 log UFC mL-¹ respectively, in the intestinal tract and decrease of Pseudomonas spp. in both 100% and 25% (4.09±0.84log UFC mL-1 and 4.00±1.12log UFC mL-1, respectively) in relation to the control treatment (6.74±1.04log UFC mL-1). Fish fed with 100% of diets supplemented with probiotics had a higher leukocyte count (47.7±6.7x103μL-1), lymphocytes (36.0±2.6x103μL1), monocytes (12.0±4.2x103μl-1), as well as higher mean final weight (10.60±0.89g) and weekly growth rate (0.80±0.08g.week-1) than the other treatments (25% of probiotic offered and control). Probiotic (Lactobacillus spp.) offered in 25% of feeds (or more) alters the yellowtail lambari microbiota (A. bimaculatus); however, must be offer in 100% of feeds to improve the hematology profile and productive performance.

scholarly journals Foliar silicate application improves the tolerance of celery grown under heat stress conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fadl Abdelhamid HASHEM ◽  
Rasha M. EL-MORSHEDY ◽  
Tarek M. YOUNIS ◽  
Mohamed A. A. ABDRABBO
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
And Control

<p>Temperature rise is one of the most challenging climate change impacts that increase the intensity of heat stress. In this investigated the production of celery (<em>Apium graveolens</em> var. <em>rapaceum </em>F1 hybrid)) was tested during the late season. The experiment was carried out during the two successive summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 in Giza Governorate, Egypt. The experimental design is a split-plot, the main plots consist of three low tunnel cover treatments, and three spray treatments with three replicates in sub-main plots. Results showed that the use of white net cover gave the highest vegetative growth and yield followed by the black net. Values of plant yield were 951, 765, and 660 g/plant for white, black and without cover, respectively, in the first season. The foliar application of 3 mM of potassium silicate produced the highest vegetative growth and yield compared to the control treatment. Referring to the effect of spray foliar application of potassium silicate on yield 1.5 mM (S1), 3 mM (S2), and control were 892, 795, and 689 g/plant in the first season, respectively. The best combination that delivered the highest vegetative growth and yield was a cover low tunnel with a white net combined with S2 foliar application.</p>

scholarly journals Chronic Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Micro-Crustacean Daphnia lumholtzi

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Thanh Thai ◽  
Pham Thanh Luu ◽  
Ngo Xuan Quang ◽  
Dao Thanh Son
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Daphnia Lumholtzi ◽  
Multiple Generations ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
And Control

This study aimed to enhance our insight on the potential toxicological effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)  into the aquatic environment. To investigate the chronic toxicity of nanoparticles, freshwater micro-crustacean Daphnia lumholtzi was exposed to different concentrations of 0.2, 0.5 µg/l AgNPs, and control, for 21 days. Toxicological endpoints at different growing stages such as the maturation and reproduction were recorded. The reproduction rate of D. lumholtzi exposed to both AgNPs concentrations (0.2 and 0.5 µg/l ) was significantly lower than that of control. In turn, the maturation exposed to both AgNPs concentrations was not significantly different from the control treatment. This result indicates that AgNPs (with a concentration lower than 0.5 µg/l) did not have an adverse effect on the maturation of D. lumholtzi, but AgNPs with a concentration higher than 0.2 caused a toxic effect on the reproduction rate of D. lumholtzi during 21 days of the exposure period. In conclusion, the present results showed that AgNPs have toxic effects on D. lumholtzi and it has the potential to use as good freshwater aquatic zooplankton for assessment on the toxicity of nanomaterials in tropics. The future study should pay more attention to the effect of AgNPs on survival, growth rate, and multiple generations of daphnids to better understand the effects of nanoparticles in general and AgNPs in particular.

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