Chronic Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Micro-Crustacean Daphnia lumholtzi

This study aimed to enhance our insight on the potential toxicological effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the aquatic environment. To investigate the chronic toxicity of nanoparticles, freshwater micro-crustacean Daphnia lumholtzi was exposed to different concentrations of 0.2, 0.5 µg/l AgNPs, and control, for 21 days. Toxicological endpoints at different growing stages such as the maturation and reproduction were recorded. The reproduction rate of D. lumholtzi exposed to both AgNPs concentrations (0.2 and 0.5 µg/l ) was significantly lower than that of control. In turn, the maturation exposed to both AgNPs concentrations was not significantly different from the control treatment. This result indicates that AgNPs (with a concentration lower than 0.5 µg/l) did not have an adverse effect on the maturation of D. lumholtzi, but AgNPs with a concentration higher than 0.2 caused a toxic effect on the reproduction rate of D. lumholtzi during 21 days of the exposure period. In conclusion, the present results showed that AgNPs have toxic effects on D. lumholtzi and it has the potential to use as good freshwater aquatic zooplankton for assessment on the toxicity of nanomaterials in tropics. The future study should pay more attention to the effect of AgNPs on survival, growth rate, and multiple generations of daphnids to better understand the effects of nanoparticles in general and AgNPs in particular.

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The effect of mineral fertilisers and farmyard manure on grain and straw yield, quality and economical parameters of winter wheat

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/60/2020-pse ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 249-256

Author(s):

Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽

Milan Vach ◽

Zdeněk Abrhám ◽

Ladislav Mensik ◽

Eva Kunzová

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Market Price ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Yield Quality ◽

Technology And Economy ◽

And Control ◽

Technological Methods

In the years 2011–2014, winter wheat grain yield, qualitative and economic parameters were evaluated according to different fertiliser treatments: (1) control: unfertilised treatment; (2) farmyard manure (FYM) and (3) FYM + NPK (farmyard manure applied together with mineral NPK). The highest yields (8.10 t/ha) were recorded in the FYM + NPK treatment, while significantly lower yields (6.20 t/ha and 5.73 t/ha) were recorded in FYM and control treatments, respectively. Similarly, statistically significantly higher values of the quality parameters were found in the FYM + NPK treatment (13.55% of crude protein content and 43.56 mL of Zeleny’s sedimentation test), compared to control (10% and 22.44 mL, respectively). The modelling expert system (AGROTEKIS-Crop Technology and Economy) was used for the evaluation of economy. This software is based on technological methods of cultivation and norms of material input costs and costs of individual mechanised works. The economic benefits and profitability were evaluated for three different levels of grain market price. The highest gross profit per ha was recorded in the FYM + NPK treatment. According to the gross profit, the control treatment provided better results than the FYM treatment.

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Effect of Ethephon and Packaging Practices On Ripening of Mango cv. Maldah

SAARC Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.3329/sja.v19i1.54786 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 155-163

Author(s):

S Sapkota ◽

D Kc ◽

H Giri ◽

M Saud ◽

M Basnet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Quality Performance ◽

Plastic Packaging ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Acid Ratio ◽

Ethephon Treatment ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

And Control ◽

Juice Content

The present research was conducted on two factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and three replications. A set of experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of postharvest ethephon treatment and packaging on ripening of mango cv. Maldah. The treatments consisted of ripening agent i.e., ethephon and control treatment under different packaging condition i.e., fiber with hole, fiber without hole, plastic with hole and plastic without hole. The result revealed that different packaging condition and ripening agents influenced the ripening behavior of mango. The highest TSS (15.26), sugar-acid ratio (23.66) and juice content (126.05) were recorded with fiber (without hole) and the lowest TSS (12.60), sugar-acid ratio (9.01) and juice content (116.05) with plastic (without hole). The highest TA (1.44) was recorded with plastic (without hole) and the lowest (0.66) with fiber (without hole). Similarly, the highest BT (2.83) was recorded with fiber (with hole) and the lowest (1.66) with plastic (without hole). Firmness, sweetness, TSS and juice content were the highest with the interaction effect of fiber bag (without hole) and ethephon treatment. In conclusion, mango fruits with ethephon treatment packed in fiber bag (without hole) enhances quality and ripening of mango whereas under controlled condition and without hole plastic packaging mangoes had low quality performance in terms of physio-chemical properties. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 155-163 (2021)

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Frequency in the supply of Lactobacillus influence its probiotic effect for yellow tail lambari

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20180042 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Adolfo Jatobá ◽

Klayton Natan Moraes ◽

Emanuel Fernandes Rodrigues ◽

Leandro Marcolino Vieira ◽

Marina Oliveira Pereira

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Tract ◽

Leukocyte Count ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Probiotic Lactobacillus ◽

Final Weight ◽

And Control ◽

Lactobacillus Spp ◽

Probiotic Effect

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to evaluate the changes in intestinal tract microbiota, hematological parameters and zootechnical indexes of yellowtail lambaris (Astyanax bimaculatus) fed with different probiotic supply frequencies (Lactobacillus spp.). Lambaris (1,200) were distributed in twelve boxes, divided in three treatments, 100% supply; 25% and 0% (control) of feeds supplemented with probiotic. After 87 days, fish fed with supplemented diet, regardless of frequency (100% and 25%), showed an increase in the total lactic acid bacteria count of 7.99±0.15 log CFU mL-1 and 7.04±1, 29 log UFC mL-¹ respectively, in the intestinal tract and decrease of Pseudomonas spp. in both 100% and 25% (4.09±0.84log UFC mL-1 and 4.00±1.12log UFC mL-1, respectively) in relation to the control treatment (6.74±1.04log UFC mL-1). Fish fed with 100% of diets supplemented with probiotics had a higher leukocyte count (47.7±6.7x103μL-1), lymphocytes (36.0±2.6x103μL1), monocytes (12.0±4.2x103μl-1), as well as higher mean final weight (10.60±0.89g) and weekly growth rate (0.80±0.08g.week-1) than the other treatments (25% of probiotic offered and control). Probiotic (Lactobacillus spp.) offered in 25% of feeds (or more) alters the yellowtail lambari microbiota (A. bimaculatus); however, must be offer in 100% of feeds to improve the hematology profile and productive performance.

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The Effect of Administration of Silver Nanoparticles on the Immune Status of Chickens

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.1515/aoas-2017-0043 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 401-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ewelina Kulak ◽

Iwona Sembratowicz ◽

Anna Stępniowska ◽

Katarzyna Ognik

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Dose Range ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Phagocytic Index ◽

Immune Defence ◽

Phagocytic Cells ◽

Ag Nps ◽

Nitroblue Tetrazolium Reduction ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Tetrazolium Reduction

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to verify the hypothesis that there are doses of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) that improve immune defence in chickens without compromising their health. To verify this hypothesis, an attempt was made to determine which doses of Ag-NPs (5 nm) consumed by chickens as a result of administration of hydrocolloids during varying time periods at a concentration of 5 or 10 mg Ag/l stimulate immune defence. The experiment was performed on 296 chickens assigned to 3 treatments. Chickens from the control treatment received drinking water without experimental additives. Chickens from the T-5 and T-10 treatments received a hydrocolloid of Ag-NPs at a concentration of 5 mg/l (treatment T-5) or 10 mg/l (treatment T-10) from their second week of life. Blood for analysis was collected at the age of 42 days from 8 birds per treatment. Ceruloplasmin (Cp), leukocyte count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin IL-6, immunoglobulins IgA, IgY, phagocytic cells (% PC), phagocytic index (PI), nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT), and lysozyme content in the blood was determined. Application of Ag-NPs at a concentration of 5 mg/l or 10 mg/l in the dose range of 2.87-12.25 mg/bird (administration of Ag-NPs in concentration 5 mg/l in weeks: 2; 2 and 3; 2 and 4; 2 and 5; 2 and 6 or concentration 10 mg/l in week 2) resulted in an immunostimulatory effect expressed as an increase in heterophil respiratory burst and an increased concentration of lysozyme. Higher doses of Ag-NPs exerted a pro-inflammatory effect, as indicated by elevated levels of IL-6 and ceruloplasmin, as well as a high ESR. They also stimulated B lymphocytes to produce IgA and IgA immunoglobulins.

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Aflatoxins: A Brief Review of their Chemical Properties, Toxicological Effects and Control Measures

Archives of Ecotoxicology ◽

10.36547/ae.2020.2.3.43-46 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 43-46

Author(s):

Eloiza Sarmento Amoras ◽

Anderson Luiz Pena Costa

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Control Measures ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Toxicological Effects ◽

Vegetable Foods ◽

And Control

Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by the fungi of the genus Aspergillus. These substances cause food poisoning with clinical manifestations that vary according to the time of exposure and concentration of the dose ingested, representing a serious public health problem for compromising the food security, also causing considerable economic losses both in the production of stocked vegetable foods, as well as in the livestock contaminated with these substances through the feed. Therefore, this literature review aims to introduce some aspects related to the contamination of food by the fungi of the genus Aspergillus, the chemical and toxicological properties of the aflatoxins, as well as the strategies of control to avoid them in food.

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Foliar silicate application improves the tolerance of celery grown under heat stress conditions

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2021.117.3.1865 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 117 (3) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Fadl Abdelhamid HASHEM ◽

Rasha M. EL-MORSHEDY ◽

Tarek M. YOUNIS ◽

Mohamed A. A. ABDRABBO

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Potassium Silicate ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Apium Graveolens ◽

Control Treatment ◽

F1 Hybrid ◽

And Control

Temperature rise is one of the most challenging climate change impacts that increase the intensity of heat stress. In this investigated the production of celery (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum F1 hybrid)) was tested during the late season. The experiment was carried out during the two successive summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 in Giza Governorate, Egypt. The experimental design is a split-plot, the main plots consist of three low tunnel cover treatments, and three spray treatments with three replicates in sub-main plots. Results showed that the use of white net cover gave the highest vegetative growth and yield followed by the black net. Values of plant yield were 951, 765, and 660 g/plant for white, black and without cover, respectively, in the first season. The foliar application of 3 mM of potassium silicate produced the highest vegetative growth and yield compared to the control treatment. Referring to the effect of spray foliar application of potassium silicate on yield 1.5 mM (S1), 3 mM (S2), and control were 892, 795, and 689 g/plant in the first season, respectively. The best combination that delivered the highest vegetative growth and yield was a cover low tunnel with a white net combined with S2 foliar application.

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Phytoremediation as a Prospective Method for Rehabilitation of Areas Contaminated by Long-Term Sewage Sludge Storage: The Greek Experience

Linnaeus Eco-Tech ◽

10.15626/eco-tech.2010.090 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 836-853

Author(s):

N. Suchkova ◽

E. Darakas ◽

J. Ganoulis ◽

Y. Vergeles

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Plant Species ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

The Other ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

And Control ◽

Control Samples

In this work the suitability of several plant species for phytoremediation under natural and artificially installed conditions was studied. Brassica napus, Medicago sativa, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, and Hordeum vulgare were grown in pots with sewage sludge from Sindos Main WWTP in Thessaloniki and from Sindos Industrial WWTP in Thessaloniki, Greece. The first series of experiments included comparing measurements of various parameters for the above mentioned plants and the sludge to those for control samples (the same plants growing in compost). It was shown that shoot growth was less reduced in T. aestivum and H. vulgare than in the other plant species studied. B. napus had lower germination tax, followed by M. sativa with the lowest germination tax. Generally B. napus, giving less biomass production than Z. mays and T. aestivum, is characterised by a higher ability to accumulate heavy metals like Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr, As and Hg. The second series of experiments included comparing measurements of various parameters of B. napus grown in sludge and treated each 7 days with metal solutions of Ni, Zn and Pb containing 10-2mg/l, 10-4mg/l, 10-6mg/l of each metal, to those for control plants treated with double distilled water. Results showed that shoot growth of B. napus were increased at treatments with lower concentrations of metals (10-6 mg/l) and control (treatment with d-distilled water). At the same time uptake of metal ions was increased with the concentration of the solution, i.e. at higher concentrations (10-2 mg/l). It is truly for Pb and Zn, transfer coefficient TC of which (indicates a plant’s potential to concentrate a metal) was quite high 15 % and 7 % correspondingly. It was noticed that B. napus has high ability to accumulate Cr, from the other hand it did not accumulate Ni (at present case).

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The chronic effects of salinity on the Crustacean Moina affinis Birge (1893)

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.1.2.200-206 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 200-206

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Chronic Exposure ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Control Group ◽

Length Growth ◽

Chronic Effects ◽

Final Length

Thi s study included the effect of chronic exposure of di fferent concentrations of Nan on the biology of fresh water zroDplonk ton species Moina 41.112' ( Cladcxe'ra The concentrations used for chronic exposure were 03, 0.75. 1 960 to investigate iI effects on the life cycle and la lables of this species after exposure period and the range of this exposure effects on the rate of expectation for further life, also the effect of salinity on reproduotive parameters was studied which included average of total number of eggs and young produced, volume clutch's (6.95. indiclutch for control group , 14.516 indi clutch for 0.596a ,3_65 ind./ clutch for (175 5(.. and 03 Ind} cruel] for 1960) and number of Clutch's (5.5 clutch/ female for control group, 1.7 clutch/ funEoc for 0.5.9(z.z, 1:2 dutch?' female for 0,75960 and 0,1 oluchi female for 196.) which howed a reduction_ But had no effects on the time 10 tarsi clutch produced. Time of surviving ( 12.9 day for control g.roup. 63 day for 0.5%0, 15_2 day for 0.75%.0 and 4.6 day for I 9f,), average final length and average of daily length, growth increasing were studied_ In addition to the studying the orient of salinity on the number of moults which showed a reduction. in its number.

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KINETICS OF PHOSPHORUS RELEASE FROM ADDED ROCK PHOSPHATE WITH SOME ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON CALCAREOUS SOIL.

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v47i5.510 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

Author(s):

K.M. Naser

Keyword(s):

Rock Phosphate ◽

Kinetic Equations ◽

Phosphorus Release ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Peat Moss ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Sheep Manure ◽

And Control

Laboratory experiment was conducted using silty clay loam soil collected from Agriculture fields in Abu Ghraib to study the release of phosphorus from rock phosphate (10.22 P%) on a soil treated with three types of organic fertilizers namely; peat moss , sheep manure , poultry manure and control treatment (soil only). Ten grams of air dried soil mixed with 100 mg of ground rock phosphate and organic fertilizers added at 2.5% level (w:w) were incubated at a laboratory temperature (298 K ) after adding water up to two-thirds of the field capacity for 40, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Citric acide soluble available phosphorous was estimated after each incubation periods and kinetic equations used to test its release from treated samples. The additions of chicken manure was the highest in the amount of dissolved phosphorus values followed by sheep manure, peat moss, rock phosphate and control treatment, reaching levels of citric acide extractable phosphorus to 4.2 , 3.8, 3.3, 3.1 and 2.5 mg P kg-1 soil, respectively. The results also showed superiority of first order equation in the description of phosphorus release from rock phosphate with release rate coefficient of 3.801 , 3.865 , 4.328 and 4.366 mg P kg -1 soil h-1 for the treatments: soil and rock phosphate only , peat moss, sheep waste and chicken manure, respectively.

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INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON OVULES ABORTION, SEED SET AND ITS GERMENATION OF TWO ALFALFA CULTIVARS

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v47i3.571 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Khrbeet & Al-Beiruty

Keyword(s):

Growth Regulators ◽

Seed Set ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Flower Buds ◽

College Of Agriculture ◽

Vegetation Growth ◽

Main Plot ◽

And Control

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, College of Agriculture, Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from mid. of March 2012 to mid. of July 2014 to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators and foliar application stages on ovules abortion, seed set and its germination of two alfalfa cultivars. Layout of the experiment was R.C.B.D. arranged in split-split plot with three replications. Cultivars (local and hamedan) were assigned as a main plot and foliar application stages (vegetative growth, flower buds emergence, 50% flowering and 80% flowering) were assigned as sub-plots, while growth regulators (Alar, Ethephon, Naphthalene acetic acid(NAA) and control treatment) were assigned in the sub-sub-plots. Result showed that there were no significant differences between cultivars in all traits. Foliar application of NAA increased No. of ovules per floret (9.11) compare with other treatments, but it was not significantly different compare with Alar. In 1st and 2nd seed crop, plants sprayed with Alar at flower buds emergence stage gave highest seed set (5.17, 6.93) respectively. Percentage of ovules abortion significantly influenced by growth regulaters, folair application stages and their interaction. Since, foliar application of Alar at beginning of flower buds emergence reduce % of ovules abortion (30.89). In general, plants sprayed at vegetation growth stage increased % of seed germination. It was clear from this study that more than 40% of ovules were aborted, this may be one of the reasons for reduction of seed yield in alfalfa, therefore, we recommended to do more researches in this field in order to know the causes of ovules abortion.

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