THE PROBLEM OF SUICIDE IN THE SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY OF E. DURKHEIM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Вячеславович Босов ◽  
Анастасия Владиславовна Яковлева
Keyword(s):  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Main Ideas

Цель статьи: рассмотреть проблематику суицида в социологической теории Э. Дюркгейма. Методы: компаративистский, исторический, системный, структурно-функциональный. Результаты: выявлены основные идеи социологии суицида Э. Дюркгейма проявления. Выводы: Социологическое изучение суицида Э. Дюркгеймом стало отправной точкой для последующих теорий и концепции изучения суицида в социологии. Purpose of the article: to consider the problem of suicide in the sociological theory of E. Durkheim. Methods: comparative, historical, systemic, structural and functional. Results: the main ideas of the sociology of E. Durkheim's suicide manifestations were revealed. Conclusions: Sociological study of suicide by E. Durkheim became the starting point for subsequent theories and concepts of the study of suicide in sociology.

scholarly journals ‘Counterfinality’ in sociological theory: Reconceptualization of the concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-710
Author(s):  
I. A. Latypov
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Intentional Actions ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Classic Papers

Counterfinality is defined as unintended consequences of the uncoordinated actions of rationally acting individuals. Even before the concept was introduced by Sartre and developed by Elster, counterfinality was considered by many scholars. Some defined counterfinality as a type of social paradoxes and dilemmas, others - as an outcome of social interaction. Description and analysis of such social contradictions and paradoxes can be found in the works of Hobbes, Mandeville, Smith, Marx and Hegel. In the 20th century, sociologists also considered the issue of unintended consequences. Many classic papers of Merton contributed to the sociological analysis of the unintended consequences of intentional actions. Subsequent works focused on their classifications, and the phenomenon of counterfinality was highlighted in almost every classification. The term counterfinality was introduced by Sartre as an appendage of history, an unforeseen consequence of many interactions. The sociological study of counterfinality was initiated by Elster. He analyzes counterfinality not within the functionalist paradigm, but in the methodological individualism perspective, and for him, counterfinality acts as a basis for social change. The authors analysis of the main ideas of Sartre, Elster and other authors on counterfinality reveals its distinctive features in general and in the sociological analysis of social action in particular. The author argues that today the counterfinality theory consists mainly of responses and criticism of the ideas of Sartre and Elster, and that further sociological research should focus on conditions, features and consequences of counterfinality, and on its empirical indicators.

V. M. ZHIRMUNSKY AS A FOLKLORIST. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL TYPOLOGY METHODS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-128
Author(s):  
Anna I. Kovalevskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Successful Search ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
High Regard ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Further Development

The article considers the main stages in formation of the method for the comparative historical typology the first steps of which were made by A.N. Veselovsky in the second half of the 19 th century. For example, the point elaborated upon in “Historical Poetics” concerning consequential evolution of genres and poetic forms that reflect social reality became the starting point for the further development of that method. Work in this direction was continued later on by V.M. Zhirmunsky. At the beginning of his career in academia he dwelled upon the issues of literary theory and – while keeping “Historical Poetics” in high regard – continued Veselovsky’s work in the field of literary studies. However, turning to folklore material, he managed to develop the basic principles of the comparative historical method: first of all, he had analysed and systematised the extensive epic material, what allowed him to reveal in the folklore work the national and the general, for the successful search and analysis of which the method was necessary. The author analysis of the works of Zhirmunsky, that contain his main ideas, and considers not only his suggestions on how to work with folk material, and also the features of the comparative typological method, as well as the development of Zhirmunsky’s ideas in the works of his students, followers and scientists who came to a similar result on their own (for example, V.Ya. Propp) and influenced further refinement of the methods of comparative typology.

scholarly journals Ideas of Civil Religion in the Creative Work of Cyril Methodians

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Leonid Kondratyk
Keyword(s):  
Civil Religion ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Linear Character ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Main Ideas

Kondratyk L. "Ideas of Civil Religion in the Creative Work of Cyril Methodians". The author is based on the fact that the civil religion is such a sociocultural phenomenon in which, through the prism of a peculiar religious language and specific practices, the necessity of acquiring and establishing a national state is substantiated, which originates in the need of the community to find the sacral in the activity that is inherent in the transcendent, eternally -linear character and which is rooted in the history of the territory. It is proved that the soil on which the ideas of the Cyril and Methodius civil religion originated is Western European romanticism, religiosity, the starting point of which was the idea of religion as the focus of the spiritual world of the individual and community, the idea of the Higher Reason that sets the directions for historical development, Christianity a decisive role in the spiritual and moral and social renewal of mankind, the view of Ukraine as an independent cultural and historical and social force, the influence of creativity T. Shevche gt; The main ideas of the civil religion of the Cyril Methodians are as follows: the messianism of the Ukrainian spirit manifests itself in the ability to unite the Slavs in the best way, because Ukraine is inspired by self-sacrifice with the Christian spirit and has apostolic intercession; Kiev - the capital of the resurrected from the oppression of the Slavs, the city - in which the courts prevail, truth, equality; concepts "temple", "truth", "righteous judgment", "freedom", "brotherhood", "equality", "love", "Kiev", "Kiev mountains" - the basic concepts-symbols of the Ukrainian civil religion; in the Ukrainian community with the need to coincide Christian values and moral standards, which dominate it.

scholarly journals Power, Resistance, and Slavery in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Light ◽  
Vincent J. Roscigno
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Slave Narratives ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
American Slavery ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Subordinate Resistance

In this article, we build on prior sociological theory pertaining to power as well as historical research on antebellum slavery to offer an integrated framework of subordinate resistance – a framework that incorporates a matrix of potential responses ranging from collective action, to symbolic resistance, to projective agency, and even quiescence. Using text networks as an index, we then analyze a rich collection of antebellum slave narratives (n=128) to investigate such response possibilities. These thematic networks, consistent with a large body of historical research on American slavery, demonstrate central domains of enslavement in the United States and the diverse resistance strategies that the enslaved employed. Moreover, our more qualitative immersion into these thematic patterns and the narratives themselves—narratives that have been largely overlooked by sociologists—uniquely highlight how particular resistance strategies are deployed in specific everyday contexts and sometimes resolve into what seem, at first glance, to be quiescence. We discuss these findings, and conclude more broadly by highlighting how the sociological study of inequality and power would benefit from attention to the variety of resistance strategies subordinate actors in their everyday lives and in the uneven and sometimes dangerous contexts they traverse.

Viewpoint: service research priorities – bridging the academic and practitioner perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lerzan Aksoy ◽  
Loïc Guilloux ◽  
Hélène Duneigre ◽  
Sikaar Keita
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Two Sides

Purpose As an interdisciplinary and applied discipline, managerial relevance has always been at the forefront of service research. This viewpoint article synthesizes the main ideas presented in one of the 10th SERVSIG conference panels by three practitioners about what they view as the biggest opportunities/challenges they face and two journal editors on current academic research priorities. The purpose of this study is to use this panel as a starting point to bridge more closely the world of academia with practice and propose a collection of recommendations toward this goal. Design/methodology/approach This study synthesizes the academic and practitioner viewpoints presented and research conducted into research priorities. Findings Although there is significant overlap in what is deemed important by the presenting academics and practitioners, there are some important differences when it comes to issues deemed important, how they are articulated and the language that is used. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature and practitioner community by summarizing the viewpoints of the two sides and curating a collection of existing approaches and new recommendations to more closely bridge academic and practitioner perspectives.

Male Abuse of a Married or Cohabiting Female Partner: The Application of Sociological Theory to Research Findings

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Woman Abuse ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Relational Norms ◽  
Societal Norms ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Strain Stress ◽  
Group Memberships

Does woman abuse vary with marital status and, if so, why? The primary objectives of this article are to answer these two questions. A review of research findings indicates that men are more likely to beat women they live with than those they have married. The theoretical accounts of Goode and Gelles are used as a starting point for an explanation of this finding. Implicated in this explanation are social factors operating at the level of society (group memberships), a disjunction between patriarchal societal norms and their existential basis in households (employment patterns), relational norms (ambiguity and flexibility), and social and economic costs. These variables influence woman abuse differentials by either increasing the amount of strain/stress or decreasing the likelihood of effective social regulation.

scholarly journals Everyday people’s patriotism in Russia: Possibilities and limitations of sociological study and typologization

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-902
Author(s):  
I. V. Trotsuk
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
Depth Interviews

The article is a review of the book by K. Clment Patriotism from Below. How Is It Possible That People Are So Poor in the Rich Country? (Moscow: NLO, 2021. 232 p.). The book is based on the results of the research project aimed at the detailed description of different types of everyday Russian patriotism with the help of the qualitative approach (in fact, case studies and semi-formalized interviews were conducted, although the book presents them as ethnographic research and in-depth interviews). The book identifies and describes the following types of the grassroot Russian patriotism which does not always coincide with the state patriotic discourse (patriotism from above): non-state and state everyday patriotism, non-patriotism, detached patriotism, and local patriotism. The review identifies both the undoubted merits of the book and its conceptual, methodological and analytical limitations which can become a starting point for further sociological studies of discursive practices and behavioral patterns of Russians, especially of those living in the Russian hinterland (depressed peripheral regions of the country).

scholarly journals THe Pecularities of Interaction of Experts with Investigative and Judicial Bodies (the Case of Forensic Experts and Assessors)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
E V Maslovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Scientific Fields

The paper presents the results of a sociological study. On the basis of Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological theory and its contem- porary interpretations the article considers the process of interaction between the juridical and scientific fields. The peculiarities of participation of experts in procedural activities are analyzed in the case of medical experts and assessors. The results of the study confirm the tendency towards juridical professionalization of these groups of legal experts. It has been revealed that asymmetry of power relations within the juridical field forces the experts to work out a set of tactics ensuring legal protection of their professional position. The paper singles out the repertoire of tactical moves which are used by the experts in their interaction with investigative and judicial bodies.

scholarly journals Sociological Study of Mental Disorders in HCMC (Vietnam)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mohamad Tavakol ◽  
Le Thi Mai ◽  
Mina Mansouri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Job Status ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
The People ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Religion And Ethnicity

The focus of this study is on the prevalence of mental disorders among the people aged between 18-64 years who are living in Saigon (HCMC), and an analysis of the sociological factors that affect the spread of these disorders. The theoretical framework of this research is a synthesis of the sociological theory of Anomie of Durkheim and the Strain theory of Merton. To determine the prevalence of mental disorders, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) is used, and to determine their effective sociological parameters we prepared a second Questionnaire, the sociological one, comprising questions derived from Durkheim and Merton's theories. The sample size was 384, using Cochran formula, and sampling was a multi-stage cluster sampling. The results from the analyses of the data showed that the overall prevalence of mental disorder in Saigon is 10.2%: in men 5.5% and in women 12.8%. Moreover, the components of immigration, job status, social status, structural and social pressures, family problems, and social capital, were shown to contribute to the risk of mental health and the occurrence of mental disorders. The sociological factors which were not confirmed were religion and ethnicity.

The Social World as Will and Idea: Schopenhauer's Influence upon Durkheim's Thought

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stjepan G. Mestrovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social World ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
Nature Perception ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Unity Of Knowledge

The starting-point for this analysis is a remark made by André Lalande, that Durkheim was so enamoured with Schopenhauer's philosophy that his students nicknamed him ‘Schopen’. The intellectual context shared by Schopenhauer and Durkheim is explored, especially with regard to the opposition between the id-like ‘will’ and the mind. Schopenhauer's influence upon Durkheim's contemporaries is examined briefly. Then, this new context for apprehending Durkheim's thought is applied to selected problems in Durkheimian scholarship, problems that have to do with the dualism of human nature, perception, the unconscious and the unity of knowledge relative to the object-subject debate. The implications for sociological theory are also discussed.

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