ROLE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCE IN SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Лилия Равильевна Туктарова
Keyword(s):  
Economic Science ◽  
Modern Aspect ◽  
Science In Society

Рассматриваются вопросы и положения значимости экономической науки в развитии общества, определены критерии и принципы экономической науки в современном аспекте. Issues and the importance of economic science in the development of society are examined, the criteria and principles of economic science in the modern aspect are determined.

Improving the questions we ask, with Psychology and Cognitive Conflict.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Buttliere
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Science In Society

Over the last decade, there have been many suggestions to improve how scientists answer their questions, but far fewer attempt to improve the questions scientists are asking in the first place. The goal of the paper is then to examine and summarize synthesize the evidence on how to ask the best questions possible. First is a brief review of the philosophical and empirical literature on how the best science is done, which implicitly but not explicitly mentions the role of psychology and especially cognitive conflict. Then we more closely focus on the psychology of the scientist, finding that they are humans, engaged in a meaning making process, and that cognitive conflict is a necessary input for any learning or change in the system. The scientific method is, of course, a specialized meaning making process. We present evidence for this central role of cognitive conflict in science by examining the most discussed scientific papers between 2013 and 2017, which are, in general, controversial and about big problems (e.g., whether vaccines cause autism, how often doctors kill us with their mistakes). Toward the end we discuss the role of science in society, suggesting science itself is an uncertainty reducing and problem solving enterprise. From this basis we encourage scientists to take riskier stances on bigger topics, for the good of themselves and society generally.

scholarly journals Large Business in Higher Levels of US Authority Example of D. Trump

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-238
Author(s):  
Daria V. Stanis ◽  
Konstantin P. Kurilev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Political Status ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Historical Methods

This article discusses one of the key components of the mechanism of formation of the ruling elites in the United States - economic. Representatives of large business, financial circles and political clans, capable of fighting for power and possessing the necessary resource base and tools, form elite groups. The authors focus on the study of US large business as a supplier of cadres for the American political elites that determine US domestic and foreign policy. In their work, the authors set the following tasks: to analyze the mechanism of the formation of political elites in the USA; to consider the experience of Trump Organization in the context of the acquisition by her leader of the highest political status in the USA in 2016 and the prospects for his re-election to this post in 2020; to assess the role of large business in the formation of political elites in the United States. To achieve the objectives, the authors used a few methods of political science: structural, systemic, functional, comparative and historical methods. The methodology of economic science was also involved: the method of scientific abstraction, the method of normative and functional analysis. The study, in its conceptual basis, is based both on the theory of political elites and on the economic theory of competition.

scholarly journals IN THE TRAJECTORY OF ECONOMIC REFORMS: SCIENCE AND SCIENCE POLICY IN THE YEARS OF THE “KHRUSHCHEV’S DECADE”

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Evgeny G. Vodichev ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
General Line ◽  
The Status ◽  
Post War ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Technical Complex ◽  
Science In Society ◽  
Post Industrial

The paper is devoted to the problems of the USSR scientific and technology (S&T) policy during the “Khrushchev’s decade”, presented as part of the macroeconomic policy. The analysis is carried out in the context of economic reforms and experiments implemented in the country. The main components of S&T policy are revealed, the evolution of its structure and content in comparison with the first post-war decade is shown. In the analysis of S&T policy, the main attention is paid to the reflection of the status of science as a driver of economic development in the context of global challenges and the formation of new techno-economic paradigms. The emphasis on the applied function of research and development (R&D) proclaimed in the framework of S&T policy is presented as a reflection of the traditional for the USSR interpretations of the place and role of science in society under new conditions of scientific and technological revolution as a Soviet counter-thesis to the concepts of post-industrial society. The connection of decision-making mechanisms in the field of S&T policy with general line of Khrushchev’s populism, and the emerging practice of “bureaucratic bargaining” is outlined. The basic trends of approaches to planning in science and coordination in the field of R&D are identified, the directions of organisational restructuring in the governing of the scientific and technical complex are shown. It is concluded that S&T policy in the mid-1950s — 1960s remained a function of economic policy, that a unified S&T policy in the country under N. S. Khrushchev had not been formed. At the same time, the return on innovation remained at a low level.

Anniversary Dinner 1974: Speech by Sir Thomas Brimelow at the Anniversary Dinner, The Dorchester, 30 November 1974

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Classical Scholar ◽  
Science In Society ◽  
English I

An invitation from the President of the Royal Society to speak at one of these Dinners gives pleasure and confers honour; but it also disconcerts, for the Society, by its motto of Nullius in verba , gives notice that the President and the Fellows and the Foreign Members, some of whom are present tonight, do not intend to take on trust anything that the speaker may say: which, if it were so, would be a pity, because I shall have occasion to express the gratitude and appreciation of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office for what the Society does in the field of its foreign relations and I should wish my words to be believed. Digressing for a moment, I am going to take advantage of this phrase Nullius in verba because a former President of the Royal Society, who was also a very distinguished classical scholar, once said that all bureaucrats of all countries should be required to speak in Esperanto; but this evening I propose to speak English. I am told by a former Foreign Secretary of the Royal Society that this motto means nothing more than ‘check the evidence’. It must be admitted that by checking the evidence and by testing the validity of propositions in the field of natural philosophy in the 314 years which have elapsed since the Society was founded, science has come a long way; to the benefit, on balance, of the greater part of mankind. Yet, at the beginning of this century, I think the Royal Society was over-optimistic about the role of science in society.

Why do economists study happiness?

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Piekałkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Happiness Economics ◽  
Economic Concept ◽  
Future Income

Recently economists have expressed increasing interest in studying the determinants of happiness. Their main task has been to identify economic and non-economic sources of well-being to define policies aimed at maximising happiness in nations. As yet, it has not been precisely explained why ‘happiness economics’ is actually a part of economic science. In this article, we show that happiness can be an economic concept providing a critical review of the literature on (a) economic applications of happiness data and (b) economic consequences of happiness. Happiness data have been used to analyse microeconomic phenomena and to value non-market goods. Happiness may act as a determinant of economic outcomes: it increases productivity, predicts one’s future income and affects labour market performance. A growing number of happiness studies indicate a role of personality traits in understanding the link between well-being and economic outcomes.

Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406): A Precursor of Intercivilizational Discourse

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-456
Author(s):  
YOLANDA GAMARRA
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThis article shows how the political, historical, sociological, and economic narrative of Ibn Khaldun influenced the conjunction of elements that were essential to the civilizing language promoted by European and American liberals in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The ‘standard of civilization’ has experienced a revival among critical legal scholars. These authors have reconstructed a historical process of ‘rise, fall, and rise’ of the ‘standard of civilization’, identifying its reappearance in an era of globalization and global governance with the current existence of a (neo-)colonial paradigm in international law and a (neo-)liberal global economy. This study is divided into three parts intended to examine in depth the precursory role of this Islamic thinker in the shaping of civilizing language. The first part examines Ibn Khaldun's life as a way of understanding his thinking on civilization. The second part explores the influence of Ibn Khaldun's work on the discourse surrounding the standard of civilization, by reintroducing the interpretation of Rafael Altamira (1866–1951). The third starts with Ibn Khaldun's writings on economic science and Joseph Spengler's (1902–1991) approach to his works. Several Islamic economic institutions and their influence on the state and concept of international society are examined. The revival of Ibn Khaldun's thinking is partly intended to fill an existing gap in the studies of medieval Islamic theorists. By examining his ideas about the socio-political and economic viability of a dynasty (or a civilization or a state), this article attempts to shed light on the intercultural origins of international law.

From Freakonomics to Political Economy

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Fine ◽  
Dimitris Milonakis
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Neoclassical Economics ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

AbstractIn this response to the symposium on our two books we try to deal as fully as possible in the brief space available with most of the major issues raised by our distinguished commentators. Although at least three of them are in agreement with the main thrust of the arguments put forward in our books, they all raise important issues relating to methodology, the history of economic thought (including omissions), and a number of more specific issues. Our answer is based on the restatement of the chief purpose of our two books, describing the intellectual history of the evolution of economic science emphasising the role of the excision of the social and the historical from economic theorising in the transition from (classical) political economy to (neoclassical) economics, only for the two to be reunited through the vulgar form of economics imperialism following the monolithic dominance of neoclassical economics at the expense of pluralism after the Second World War. The importance of political economy for the future of economic science is vigorously argued for.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome and chronic heart failure: a modern aspect of the problem

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Tatiana Fedorova ◽  
Natalya Semenenko ◽  
Serafima Tazina ◽  
Alexander Mamonov ◽  
Tatiana Sotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Modern Aspect ◽  
Functional Changes

Objective: The increase of morbidity results from both an increase of life expectancy of the population, and influence of various risk factors contributing to development and increase of chronic heart failure (CHF). The combination of several atherogenic mechanisms (abdominal obesity (AO), insulin resistance (IR), arterial hypertension (AH), hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia), combined as “metabolic syndrome” (MS), causes a more rapid development of CHF. Materials and methods: The research finding of 74 patients with class II-III of CHF, including 37 patients (50%) with MS, are presented. The age structure of the pathology, severity of clinical course, data of laboratory and instrumental examination in various groups of patients were evaluated. A special program included an echocardiographic test with an assessment of various myocardial parameters. Results and Discussion: Research materials find out a number of characteristics of CHF clinical course (its earlier development and severe course) in patients with MS. Echocardiographic tests reveal an increase of heart chambers sizes, thickness of left and right ventricle, pulmonary hypertension. Myocardium morpho-functional changes are more significant in patients with CHF and MS than in those without MS. An increase in leptin levels, a marker of obesity, fibrosis and inflammation, has been found. Leptin, C-reactive peptide (CRP) and high-sensitive troponin in patients with MS significantly exceeded those in patientswithout MS. Correlations of leptin levels, adiponectin, CRP and left ventricular mass, thickness of epicardial fat (TEF), ejection fraction were established. Conclusion: Materials of the research indicate the important role of inflammatory and dysmetabolic processes in development and progression of CHF in patients with MS. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 105-113

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