scholarly journals Optimization Of Plant Development In Case Of Soil Salinization

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Vitaly Igorevich Savich ◽  
◽  
Hafiza Tuymurodovna Artikova ◽  
Shavkatullo Shukurovich Nafetdinov ◽  
Khilola Hamroevna Salimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
High Moor ◽  
High Moor Peat

This article discusses the improvement of the development of biotests in saline soils with the addition of zeolite, phosphogypsum, organic fertilizers. The development of biotests on seawater with a concentration of 1-10 g / l improved when humates, KNO3, and water extracts from crop residues were added to the water. A decrease in the salinity of the upper soil layer is shown when an interlayer with large pores from high moor peat is created at a depth of 25 cm.

scholarly journals Agroecological assessment of saline soils of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 16-16
Author(s):  
Shima Mohammadi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Electrical Sensing ◽  
Over Time

For the studied saline soils, the expediency of assessing the content of mobile ion compounds by chemical autography based on electrolysis and ionite membranes, vertical electrical sensing is shown. However, the electrical conductivity of soils depended on humidity, temperature, humus content, granulometric composition, soil density, and fertilizer application. The change in the nature and degree of soil salinization over time and in space was determined not only by the microrelief of the surface, groundwater and the change in the depth of the umbrellas in density, but also by the patterns of solubility of salts from humidity, temperature, pCO2, complex formation. For relative optimization of the situation, it is recommended to apply mineral fertilizers, stimulants, organic fertilizers, and create a large-porous layer at a depth of 40-70 cm, reducing the upward current from the lower layers of the soil to the Ap. Keywords: SOIL, SALINIZATION, WAYS OF OPTIMIZATION

Biologically Active Extractives of High-Moor Peat of Northern European Russia

Vestnik RFFI ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svtelana B. Selyanina ◽  
◽  
Marina V. Trufanova ◽  
Svtelana A. Zabelina ◽  
Mikhail V. Bogdanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Russia ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Northern European ◽  
High Moor ◽  
Northern European Russia ◽  
High Moor Peat

Hungarian sainfoin and its ecological value for agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
В.А. Волошин ◽  
Г.П. Майсак ◽  
Л.С. Терентьева
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Melilotus Albus ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

В последние годы в Пермском крае прекратилось известкование кислых почв, недостаточно вносятся минеральные и органические удобрения. Всё это постепенно привело к снижению плодородия почв. Избежать или снизить влияние негативных явлений можно за счёт использования многолетних трав. Перспективной фитомелиоративной культурой является эспарцет песчаный (Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) Ser.), который ранее в Пермском крае не возделывался, но встречается в естественных фитоценозах ряда районов края. Целью настоящей работы является поиск и обобщение научной информации по морфо-биологическим особенностям и агроэкологической роли эспарцета песчаного в земледелии. В статье приведён литературный обзор биологических особенностей этой культуры: азотфиксации, накопления пожнивно-корневых остатков, формирования корневой системы эспарцета песчаного в различных регионах его возделывания. Для сравнения приведены экспериментальные данные ряда исследователей, полученные в Пермском крае при изучении клевера лугового (Trifolium pratense L.), люцерны изменчивой (Medicago×varia Mart.), донника белого (Melilotus albus Medik.). Эспарцет песчаный за счёт корневых выделений способен усваивать из глубоких горизонтов почвы труднодоступные для других культур кальциевые и фосфорные соединения и обогащать ими верхний горизонт почвы, то есть он может выступать в роли биологического мелиоранта. На опытном поле Пермского НИИСХ эспарцет песчаный изучался с 2011 по 2019 год и зарекомендовал себя как перспективная кормовая культура. Изучение его особенностей с целью разработки технологий возделывания и использования целесообразно продолжить и расширить. Over the last years, liming of acidic soils stopped in the Perm Territory; mineral and organic fertilizers are not applied sufficiently. All this gradually led to a decrease in soil fertility. It is possible to avoid or reduce the influence of negative factors by planting perennial grasses. Hungarian sainfoin (Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) Ser.) is a promising phytomeliorative crop for the Perm Territory. It was not previously cultivated there, but it is found in natural ecosystems in a number of locations. The investigation aimed at reviewing morphology, biology and ecological value of Hungarian sainfoin. The article deals with its biological features: nitrogen fixation, accumulation of crop residues as well as root system formation in various regions. To compare sainfoin with other crops in the Perm Territory, the article provides the experimental data on red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago×varia Mart.), and white melilot (Melilotus albus Medik.). Due to root secretions, Hungarian sainfoin is able to assimilate calcium and phosphorus from deep soil that are unavailable for other crops. So, the crop can enrich the upper soil layers with these elements, being a biological ameliorant. Studied during 2011–2019 on the trial field of the Perm Research Institute of Agriculture, Hungarian sainfoin was shown to be a promising forage crop. Its further investigation as well as development of efficient cultural practices is of high value.

scholarly journals Qualitative and quantitative response of soil organic carbon to 40 years of crop residue incorporation under contrasting nitrogen fertilisation regimes

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Poeplau ◽  
Lisa Reiter ◽  
Antonio Berti ◽  
Thomas Kätterer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Residue Incorporation ◽  
Crop Residue Incorporation ◽  
Soc Stocks

Crop residue incorporation (RI) is recommended to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. However, the positive effect on SOC is often reported to be relatively low and alternative use of crop residues, e.g. as a bioenergy source, may be more climate smart. In this context, it is important to understand: (i) the response of SOC stocks to long-term crop residue incorporation; and (ii) the qualitative SOC change, in order to judge the sustainability of this measure. We investigated the effect of 40 years of RI combined with five different nitrogen (N) fertilisation levels on SOC stocks and five SOC fractions differing in turnover times on a clay loam soil in Padua, Italy. The average increase in SOC stock in the 0–30cm soil layer was 3.1Mgha–1 or 6.8%, with no difference between N fertilisation rates. Retention coefficients of residues did not exceed 4% and decreased significantly with increasing N rate (R2=0.49). The effect of RI was higher after 20 years (4.6Mgha–1) than after 40 years, indicating that a new equilibrium has been reached and no further gains in SOC can be expected. Most (92%) of the total SOC was stored in the silt and clay fraction and 93% of the accumulated carbon was also found in this fraction, showing the importance of fine mineral particles for SOC storage, stabilisation and sequestration in arable soils. No change was detected in more labile fractions, indicating complete turnover of the annual residue-derived C in these fractions under a warm humid climate and in a highly base-saturated soil. The applied fractionation was thus useful to elucidate drivers and mechanisms of SOC formation and stabilisation. We conclude that residue incorporation is not a significant management practice affecting soil C storage in warm temperate climatic regions.

scholarly journals ORGANIC PRODUCTION IS THE BASIS OF HEALTH OF PEOPLE AND NATURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (7) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Bogdan KUZNYAK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
And Control

The search of forms and methods of promoting the development of organic agriculture, consumption of organic products and its distribution through the long-term marketing concept is considered. Life expectancy in Ukraine in recent years has decreased by 10 years compared to European countries. The natural fertility of the land is gradually deteriorating due to excessive use of mineral fertilizers, pesticides, toxic chemicals and other negative factors. This led to destruction of the fertile soil layer and its most valuable component – humus, the content of which has decreased from 13-14% to 3-5% over the past 100 years. This significantly worsened the living conditions of soil microorganisms ensuring the activities of organic substances and nutrition of agricultural plants and reduced the quality of grown produce, which adversely affects the health of people and nature. The way out of this difficult situation is the transition to organic farming, which at the present stage is increasingly becoming a global strategic direction. The basic principles of organic farming are: (i) refusal to use mineral fertilizers and chemical means of plant protection (pesticides); (ii) use of organic fertilizers and siderates (“green fertilizers”, which fill the soil with organic mass and destroy weeds); (iii) surface cultivation of the soil (not more than 11 cm) sufficient for fluffing its upper layer, protection against weeds and microform balance; (iv) provision of scientifically sound crop rotation, which ensures fertility of the soil and control of weeds and pathogens.

scholarly journals Sourse degradation - global environmental problem

2017 ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myroslav Voloshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Catchment Areas

Based on generalization of literary sources, normative legal, stock materials and experimental data, the complex situation of soil degradation is highlighted. Different types and intensity of the manifestation of soil degradation, their distribution and characteristics are described. The threatening situation of manifestation of degradation processes in some regions of Ukraine is shown, among which soil erosion occupies the leading place. More than 4.5 million hectares are occupied by medium and strongly ground soils, including 68 thousand hectares completely lost their humus horizon. Particularly large areas of eroded soils are distributed on arable land in the Vinnytsia, Luhansk, Donetsk, Odesa, Chernivtsi and Ternopil regions, where the average annual ground wash is 24.5–27.8 t/ha with a tolerance of 2.5–3.7 t/ha. As a result of erosion processes from the total area of agricultural land, about 500 million tons of fertile soil layer is washed out on average annually, which contains about 24 million tons of humus, 0.96 million tons of nitrogen, 0.68 million tons of phosphorus and 9.4 million tons of potassium equivalent to 320–333 million tons of organic fertilizers, and ecological and economic losses due to erosion exceed 9 billion UAH. Flat soil was associated with linear erosion. The main indicators characterizing the degree of damage to land by linear erosion are the density of ravines, the distance and area between them, the slope, the properties of soils and rocks, the morphometric parameters of the ravines and their catchment areas. According to various estimates, the area of land affected by linear erosion in the country increases by 5–10 thousand ha annually. The effect of the ravines on the complete destruction of the land, deformation of the soil cover is highlighted. Information on various types of soil pollution by poison chemicals, industrial waste is given. According to the prediction of scientists in such a situation, 120–150 years on the planet can destroy the fertile soil layer. Key words: erosion, dehumidification, pollution, waterlogging, acidity, degraded land.

scholarly journals Influence of increasing nickel content in soil on Miscanthus × giganteus Greef and Deu. Yielding and on the content of nickel in above-ground biomass / Wpływ wzrastającej zawartości niklu w glebie na plonowanie Miscanthus x giganteus Greef i Deu. i zawartość niklu w nadziemnej biomasie

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Maciej Bosiacki
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Content ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Nickel Sulfate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Miscanthus X Giganteus ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
High Moor ◽  
High Nickel ◽  
High Moor Peat

Abstract The aim of the research conducted in a 2-year pot experiment in an unheated plastic tunnel was to determine suitability of Miscanthus × giganteus for phytoextraction of nickel from soil as well as to assess tolerance of this species on increasing concentrations of this metal in soil. Pots were filled with mineral soil (sand) and a mixture of soil with high-moor peat and three levels of nickel were introduced, i.e. 75 mg dm-3, 150 mg dm-3 and 600 mg dm-3 and the control combinations used substrates without the addition of nickel. Nickel was introduced only in the first year of the experiment in the form of nickel sulfate (NiSO4 · 6H2O). Miscanthus × giganteus accumulated a considerable amount of nickel in biomass. Miscanthus × giganteus growing in contaminated mineral soil turned out to be a species tolerant to high nickel concentrations

The role of allelopathy in legume decline in pastures. I. Effects of pasture and crop residues on germination and survival of subterranean clover in the field and nursery

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Leigh ◽  
DM Halsall ◽  
MD Holgate
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Good Germination

In a series of five trials, three conducted in the field and two in seed-flats in the nursery, it was shown that mulched residues from Phalaris aquatica and Triticum aestivum reduced the germination and production of Trifolium subterraneum. The deleterious effects observed with the mulched residues were not evident when the residues were incorporated into the upper soil layer. It is suggested that a reduction of the residues in pastures before the opening rains in autumn would be an essential requirement to ensure good germination and early seedling vigour from the annual legume component in mixed legume/grass pastures, especially those based on P. aquatica.

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