scholarly journals Revisiting Phonotactic Generalizations in Australian Languages

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Gasser ◽  
Claire Bowern
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Lexical Data ◽  
Australian Languages

Australian languages are famous for their uniform phonological systems. Cross-linguistic surveys of (or including) Australian languages have reinforced this view of Australian inventories and phonotactics. Such uniformity is surprising and unusual given the phylogenetic diversity in the country (28 phylic families). Moreover, although Australianists have assumed that uniformity in phonemic inventory is coupled with unity in phonotactics, this has not been tested.  Here we statistically test the generalizations current in the literature on Australian languages by deriving inventory information from lexical data (rather than grammatical descriptions).  We utilize a comparative database of lexical items from predominantly Pama-Nyungan languages in order to test published generalizations about phoneme inventories, phonotactics, and other phenomena (such as root internal vowel harmony patterns). By using lexical materials to derive inventories and segment frequencies, we are able to assemble a nuanced picture of the diversity of systems present among the languages. Inventory studies confirm, to some degree, the impression of uniformity. However, phoneme frequencies vary substantially across the sample even among languages with similar inventory types. This work is of particular importance to phonological typologies of Australian languages, but it has implications for wider phonological theory as well. The survey used here is the largest comparative database of a single language family. Rarely do we have the opportunity to conduct a large-scale typological investigation of related languages in this way. We also make a contribution to the role of typology in Optimality Theory. A large-scale survey of markedness patterns (in related languages) allows us to study occurring and non-occurring grammars. Finally, we can investigate the predictions of competing theories.

A Past to Present Journey

2015 ◽  
pp. 180-206
Author(s):  
Moyassar Al-Taie ◽  
Michael Lane ◽  
Aileen Cater-Steel
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Chief Information Officer ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Infrastructure Services ◽  
Skilled Staff

This chapter explores the role of the Chief Information Officer (CIO). A detailed review of the existing literature traces the evolution of this role and highlights its characteristics and configurations. CIO role effectiveness can be described in terms of three demand-side roles: strategist, relationship architect, integrator, and three supply-side roles: educator, information steward, and utility provider. To explore the configuration of roles of CIOs in Australia, a large-scale survey of CIOs was conducted. The Australian results, based on 174 responses, are compared with those from similar studies in USA. The top priority for the Australian CIO was information steward, ensuring organizational data quality and security and recruiting and retaining IT skilled staff. In comparison, the first priority for the USA CIOs was utility provider - building and sustaining solid, dependable, and responsive IT infrastructure services. This study's findings have implications for CIO career development and recruitment.

Atlantic

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-173
Author(s):  
Friederike Lüpke
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Language Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Noun Class ◽  
Lexical Data

Atlantic is one of the controversial branches of the Niger-Congo language family. Both its validity as a genetic group and its internal classification are far from being settled. The longstanding debate on the status and structure of Atlantic cannot be closed before the descriptive situation of these languages allows for sufficient and reliable lexical data; before attempts at applying the comparative method have been made; and before the extensive role of language contact for shaping the languages in question is taken into account. Although no typological feature or feature combinations characterizes the group as a whole, several features are considered typical for Atlantic languages, including noun class systems, consonant mutation, and complex systems of verbal derivation, which have been used to justify suggested genealogical groupings. Atlantic languages, with the exception of Fula, are attested in an area from Liberia to Senegal, stretching from the Atlantic coast to the hinterland.

scholarly journals Environmental Drivers of Diversification and Hybridization in Neotropical Butterflies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicol Rueda-M ◽  
Fabian C. Salgado-Roa ◽  
Carlos H. Gantiva-Q ◽  
Carolina Pardo-Díaz ◽  
Camilo Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Topographic Complexity ◽  
Geographic Patterns

Studying how the environment shapes current biodiversity patterns in species rich regions is a fundamental issue in biogeography, ecology, and conservation. However, in the Neotropics, the study of the forces driving species distribution and richness, is mostly based on vertebrates and plants. In this study, we used 54,392 georeferenced records for 46 species and 1,012 georeferenced records for 38 interspecific hybrids of the Neotropical Heliconius butterflies to investigate the role of the environment in shaping their distribution and richness, as well as their geographic patterns of phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic endemism. We also evaluated whether niche similarity promotes hybridization in Heliconius. We found that these insects display five general distribution patterns mostly explained by precipitation and isothermality, and to a lesser extent, by altitude. Interestingly, altitude plays a major role as a predictor of species richness and phylogenetic diversity, while precipitation explains patterns of phylogenetic endemism. We did not find evidence supporting the role of the environment in facilitating hybridization because hybridizing species do not necessarily share the same climatic niche despite some of them having largely overlapping geographic distributions. Overall, we confirmed that, as in other organisms, high annual temperature, a constant supply of water, and spatio-topographic complexity are the main predictors of diversity in Heliconius. However, future studies at large scale need to investigate the effect of microclimate variables and ecological interactions.

scholarly journals ‘The challenge now is for us to remain relevant’: Australian public libraries and the COVID-19 crisis

IFLA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 034003522110541
Author(s):  
Simon Wakeling ◽  
Jane Garner ◽  
Philip Hider ◽  
Hamid Jamali ◽  
Jessie Lymn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Delivery Models

The COVID-19 crisis has had a significant impact on public libraries around the world. In Australia, almost all public libraries experienced some period of building closure, requiring libraries to adapt their services and delivery models. This article reports findings from a large-scale survey of public library managers in Australia, which was conducted in August 2020. In particular, it presents the results of a thematic analysis of the participants’ free-text responses to open questions asked as part of the survey. This analysis reveals important insights relating to responses to library closures, staffing issues, new and expanded services and programmes, relationships with parent bodies, and the role of public libraries during the crisis and beyond. While public libraries are perceived by managers to have been agile and adaptable, and to have utilised technology effectively, the findings clearly demonstrate the value to users of library buildings, with important consequences for understanding the role of public libraries.

Urban planners and the production of gated communities in China: A structure–agency approach

Urban Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (13) ◽  
pp. 2635-2653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaihuai Liao ◽  
Rainer Wehrhahn ◽  
Werner Breitung
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gated Communities ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Professional Perspectives ◽  
Large Scale Survey

This study takes an actor-oriented perspective and focuses on the role of urban planners in the production of gated communities in China. It probes their related values and the structural factors influencing their preferences and planning choices. The main empirical basis is a large-scale survey of urban planners throughout China. The results show for example that most of the surveyed planners are residents of gated communities themselves. This is highly important, because their residential experiences and middle-class identities are likely to affect their values and professional perspectives. Their attitudes towards gating furthermore strongly correlate with the views of the local governments for whom they work, which is understandable in view of the prevailing power structures. It is found that most planners either support gated communities or do not see much leverage to act against them, but that many are able to achieve amendments to reduce negative effects of gating.

scholarly journals Factors affecting green banking practices: Exploratory factor analysis on Vietnamese banks

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 04-30
Author(s):  
Tu Tran Thi Thanh ◽  
Dung Nguyen Thi Phuong
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Large Scale Survey

This paper aims at studying the factors affecting green banking practices in Vietnam and the role of green banking in sustainable development of the Vietnamese economy. A large scale survey con-ducted with 32 banks and financial organizations in Vietnam to obtain 329 questionnaire forms in the period from May to July 2016 provides evidence for the research. By using EFA analysis and the regression model, we find that understanding the definitions of green banking, the current activities of green banking, the advantages in developing green banking, and the focused sectors have positive relationships with the willingness of Vietnamese banks to adopt green banking practices, whereas the barriers have negative relation-ships with the willingness to utilize green banking services among Vietnamese banks. From the research findings, we suggest some solutions to not only enhance the understanding of the importance of green banking in economic development but also improve the willingness to follow green banking practices among Vietnam’s banking institutions.

scholarly journals Trends in alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Australia, 2001–2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Callinan ◽  
Jason Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Large Scale Survey

Callinan, S., & Ferris, J. (2014). Trends in alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Australia, 2001–2010. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(1), 17-24. doi:10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.108Aim: The aim of the current study is to examine, using cross-sectional data, the role of maternal age, period (year of pregnancy) and cohort (year of birth) as predictors of alcohol consumption during pregnancy over a 10-year period.Design: Four cross-sectional surveys were examined, both separately and together.Setting: Using cross-sectional data, there does appear to be a positive relationship between maternal age and alcohol consumption during pregnancy; however, within any one survey period, it is difficult to determine if these patterns are due to period or cohort effects.Participants: The National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS) is a large-scale survey administered to more than 20,000 respondents. Across four survey periods, 3,281 women reported being pregnant in the 12 months prior to the survey.Measures: The section on pregnancy and alcohol in the NDSHS 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2010.Findings: Age was a significant positive predictor of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in 2010. However, when the four data sets were combined, period appeared to be a stronger predictor, with younger groups and cohorts decreasing consumption at a faster rate over time than older groups and cohorts.Conclusions: Although age and cohort do play a role in the likelihood of alcohol consumption among Australian women during pregnancy, period is the most important predictor, indicating that alcohol consumption among pregnant women is decreasing. Furthermore, knowledge of pregnancy results in a marked decrease in consumption, suggesting a possible focus for prevention campaigns.

Implications of green HRM on the firm's green competitive advantage: the mediating role of enablers of green culture

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Muisyo ◽  
Qin Su ◽  
Thu Hau Ho ◽  
Mercy Muthoni Julius ◽  
Muhammad Shahjahan Usmani
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Peer Involvement ◽  
Manufacturing Firm ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Green Human Resource Management ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe available literature demonstrates that green human resource management (GHRM) practices enhance the firm's green performance. However, the studies fail to show how GHRM practices give rise to green culture and how such green culture influences the green competitiveness of a firm. Anchored on the Ability Motivation Opportunity (AMO) theory, this study investigates how firms can build green competitive advantage from GHRM. The study focuses on four enablers of green culture (EGC): leadership emphasis, message credibility, peer involvement and employee empowerment. The study tests the mediating role of each EGC in the relationship between GHRM and green competitive advantage (GCA). The study findings provide managers with a deeper understanding of how GHRM supports the development of the EGC and how they explain the firm's GCA.Design/methodology/approachData was collected from a large-scale survey of Malaysia's manufacturing firm. We managed to collect 96 valid and useable questionnaires.FindingsWe find that GHRM practices give rise to EGC and the EGC mediate the relationship between GHRM and GCA.Originality/valueThe study presents the EGC in the green competitiveness context and goes further to test its mediating role in the GHRM–GCA relationship. We also develop a novel conceptual framework that manufacturing firms can deploy to attain green competitive advantage.

Sports and structured leisure as sites of victimization for children and young people in Finland: Looking at the significance of gender and ethnicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 955-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Peltola ◽  
Antti Kivijärvi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Child Victim ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
The Family ◽  
Large Scale Survey

Availability and access have been central worries that are discussed related to children’s and young people’s sport and other structured leisure activities. In this article, we shift the focus towards children’s and young people’s experiences of violence perpetrated by coaches or leaders within such activities in Finland. We use a large-scale survey on children’s and young people’s experiences of violence in different spheres of life (Finnish Child Victim Survey 2013) as the data, and concentrate on the significance of gender and ethnicity for the experiences of violence within structured leisure. The results show that boys report significantly higher levels of emotional, physical and sexual violence perpetrated by a coach or a leader within leisure activities than girls; and immigrant background seems also to increase the risk of being victimized. With the help of logistic regression analysis, we assess the role of other background factors in experiencing violence within structured activities, but conclude that the significance of gender and ethnicity persists even when factors related to the family background are taken into consideration.

scholarly journals ROLE OF KSHEERA AND GHRITA AS RASAYANA FOR BETTER HEALTH OF CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2506-2512
Author(s):  
Naseeba C ◽  
Jithesh Chowta
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Large Scale Survey

Rasayana is one among the divisions of Ashtanga Ayurveda that primarily deals with the maintenance of health. The aim of Ayurveda is prevention and promotion of health and secondly to cure disease. This can be achieved through Rasayana. It improves immunity and performs many vital functions of the human body. Rasayana therapy which is given to children is known as Bala Rasayana. Ghrita and Ksheera are mentioned as Ajasrika Rasayana. Ajasrika Rasayana is one among the classifications of Rasayana, which when used regularly provide nourishment to Rasa-raktadi dhatus and which in turn enhances Ojas. In this developing world, the rate of occurrence of the disease is more, about 24% of individuals below the age of 19 years fell sick over three times a year according to a large-scale survey conducted across India in 2019. As children are easily exposed to various disease-causing agents due to low immunity, thus the development of strong immunity is important. It can be achieved through Rasayana which helps to maintain a strong and vital immune system. Keywords: Rasayana, Ksheera, Ghrita, Ajasrika Rasayana, immunity

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