The great social experiment: when dreams did not turn into reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-328
Author(s):  
Marine Aroshidze ◽  
Nino Aroshidze
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
Mikhail Bulgakov ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Important Means ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Symbolic Universe ◽  
The Given

The great social experiment in building socialism, which was supposed to develop into communism, was based on a number of attractive political myths, for the creation of which a special symbolic universe was created, a wide range of various sign systems were involved, among which language played the most important role: as a means of creating a political myth and the means of its constant feeding (the myth-making function of the language). This allowed (in conjunction with other means of subjugating the totalitarian state) for a long period to manipulate the consciousness of the masses, educating the younger generation in the given ideological framework. However, being the most important means of creating myths, language at the same time has enormous potential for its destruction. An analysis of texts criticizing the political ideology prevailing in the Soviet empire allowed us to single out two main types of myth-destroying texts: 1) texts criticizing the existing order (anecdotes, caricatures, parodies, political fables, etc.) and 2) texts that destroy the “information vacuum» (photographic documents, archival documents, autobiographies, etc.). The artistic works of dissidents of socialist ideology (Vladimir Vysotsky, Nikolai Guberman, Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Mikhail Bulgakov, etc.), which often combined both functions, had a special appellative-influencing force. Analysis of the role of language in the creation of myth as a socio-cultural phenomenon on the example of the myths of the Soviet era in the context of modern globalization of knowledge and the interdisciplinary scientific paradigm demonstrated the semiotic mechanism of myth creation and the dynamics of their destruction.

scholarly journals Archimandrite Zosima: the Ways of Presentation in Temporal and Ecclesiastical Environment

TECHNOLOGOS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Bushmakov Andrey
Keyword(s):  
Central Place ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Common People ◽  
Russian Orthodoxy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Potential Demand ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Masses

The presentation of a church leader by the example of Archimandrite Zosima, a missionary of Krasnoufimsky district in Russia in the post-reform period has been considered in the article. The author tries to reconstruct the peculiarities of self-presenting in everyday life of this church figure, known as the founder of a large monastery and at the same time as the hero of a scandal, convicted for debauchery of youth. In modern historical and religious studies dedicated to the leaders of the Russian Church of the post-reform period, actual cultural interpretations are rarely used. The study of available sources, first of all of archival documents remained in the funds of the State Archives of Perm Territory, made it possible to restore a number of features of Zosima's presentation aimed both at the masses of population of the district and at highranking secular and religious officials. The novelty of the article is characterized by the introduction of new archival and museum sources into circulation and by the address to the methodology of sociologist Irving Hoffmann in order to understand the historical meaning of the studied phenomenon. A wide range of social problems at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries is considered on the basis of Zosima’s case. The author explains the success of Archimandrite Zosima presentation not so much by his personal charisma and talents as by the peculiarities of the religious culture of Russian Orthodoxy in the post-reform period. Using the model of Orthodoxy proposed by Antonio Gramsci, one can see the potential demand for the figures of "holy elders" to whom believers who were not only at the first (popular), but also at the middle (book) level of the Orthodox religion could turn for spiritual support and exhortation. The success of Zosima's presentation was connected with the central place of the monastery created by him and could not be separated from his image. The images constructed by him were corresponded with the expectations of the common people and a part of the educated public. He was able to choose effectively the "wings" and play his part in the definite moment of time in accordance with the arranged scenery

scholarly journals Innovative approaches to the formation of competitive tourism products (services): foreign and domestic experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Vitalii Okhota
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
The Creation ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Cultural Routes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given ◽  
Innovative Approaches

Purpose. The aim of the article is systematization of innovative approaches to the formation of competitive tourism products (services), provided by foreign and domestic experience. Methodology of research. The following methods are used to achieve the above goal: a systematic approach – to establish a complete set of innovative solutions; generalizations and unifications that allow to establish the most optimal and acceptable approaches to the formation of competitive tourism products (services). Findings. Based on the study of domestic and foreign experience in the formation of competitive tourism products (services) systematization of innovative approaches in this area: the approach associated with the formation of tourism products (services) depending on their connection with certain values, opportunities to solve problems as internal nature (at the level of tour operators) and external (socially significant); an approach based on the orientation of products (services) on international tourist cultural routes; institutional innovative approach related to the focus on the involvement of institutions, objects of different infrastructure for the creation and provision of competitive tourism products (services); approach to the creation of products (services) in the tourism industry, based on the virtualization of travel (virtualized approach); virtualized approach based on visualization and virtualization of travel (virtualized visualized approach). It is determined that the given universal systematization can be adapted to modern conditions of development in this sphere, in particular, challenges and threats of epidemiological character which have arisen in the beginning of 2020 in the world. It is proved that the virtualized visualized approach proposed in the study can be implemented for a wide range of types of tourism, but its implementation requires the development of new knowledge, skills, strong potential to attract new consumers who are focused on purchasing travel remotely. Originality. For the first time, promising areas for the development of competitive positions of tourism entities, tourism industries, based on the current realities of the spread of epidemiological threats; possible features of management of creation and the organization of introduction of tourist products (services) developed in the context of the virtualized visualized approach are formulated. Practical value. The results of the study can be used by domestic tourism entities to find and implement innovative approaches to the formation of products (services) in terms of the impact of the spread of epidemiological threats. Key words: innovative approaches, tourist products (services), competitive positions, threats of epidemiological character, virtualized visualized approach, remote mode, values, international tourist cultural routes.

The development of the movement for the communist labour at the Tyumen shipbuilding plant in days of the seven-year plan (1959-1965): the experience of microhistorical study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-172
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Pashin ◽  
Natalia S. Vasikhovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of

The article is devoted to the study of the movement for communist labour at the Tyumen Shipbuilding Plant during the period of the seven-year plan (1959-1965). The authors seek to fill a historical narrative with the particular facts connected with the peculiarities and specifics of such phenomenon as the movement for communist labour. They consider it in the context of microhistory and as the most important element of production routine. The employees of the largest industrial enterprise of Soviet Tyumen — Shipbuilding Plant in concrete historical circumstances came under the spotlight of the authors. The submitted article is written with attraction of a wide range of archival documents, taken from the funds of the State Archive of the Tyumen Region and also funds of the State Archive of Socio-Political History of the Tyumen Region. Having studied the documents the authors come to conclusion that the movement for communist labour had little effect on the production progress of the plant employees.

scholarly journals Optimising the AR Engraved Structure on Light-Guide Facets for a Wide Range of Wavelengths

Optics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Ioseph Gurwich ◽  
Yakov Greenberg ◽  
Kobi Harush ◽  
Yarden Tzabari
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Light Guide ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Angular Range ◽  
The Past ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Given ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Shape And Size

The present study is aimed at designing anti-reflective (AR) engraving on the input–output surfaces of a rectangular light-guide. We estimate AR efficiency, by the transmittance level in the angular range, determined by the light-guide. Using nano-engraving, we achieve a uniform high transmission over a wide range of wavelengths. In the past, we used smoothed conical pins or indentations on the faces of light-guide crystal as the engraved structure. Here, we widen the class of pins under consideration, following the physical model developed in the previous paper. We analyze the smoothed pyramidal pins with different base shapes. The possible effect of randomization of the pins parameters is also examined. The results obtained demonstrate optimized engraved structure with parameters depending on the required spectral range and facet format. The predicted level of transmittance is close to 99%, and its flatness (estimated by the standard deviation) in the required wavelengths range is 0.2%. The theoretical analysis and numerical calculations indicate that the obtained results demonstrate the best transmission (reflection) we can expect for a facet with the given shape and size for the required spectral band. The approach is equally useful for any other form and of the facet. We also discuss a simple way of comparing experimental and theoretical results for a light-guide with the designed input and output features. In this study, as well as in our previous work, we restrict ourselves to rectangular facets. We also consider the limitations on maximal transmission produced by the size and shape of the light-guide facets. The theoretical analysis is performed for an infinite structure and serves as an upper bound on the transmittance for smaller-size apertures.

Study of Temperature Effect on Servovalve-Controlled Fuel Metering Unit

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Haocen Zhao ◽  
Ling Yu ◽  
Zhifeng Ye
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Step Response ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fuel Rate ◽  
Testing Condition ◽  
The Given

It is usual that fuel system of an aero-engine operates within a wide range of temperatures. As a result, this can have effect on both the characteristics and precision of fuel metering unit (FMU), even on the performance and safety of the whole engine. This paper provides theoretical analysis of the effect that fluctuation of fuel temperature has on the controllability of FMU and clarifies the drawbacks of the pure mathematical models considering fuel temperature variation for FMU. Taking the electrohydraulic servovalve-controlled FMU as the numerical study, simulation in AMESim is carried out by thermal hydraulic model under the temperatures ranged from −10 to 60 °C to confirm the effectiveness and precision of the model on the basis of steady-state and dynamic characteristics of FMU. Meanwhile, the FMU testing workbench with temperature adjustment device employing the fuel cooler and heater is established to conduct an experiment of the fuel temperature characteristics. Results show that the experiment matches well with the simulation with a relative error no more than 5% and that 0–50 °C fuel temperature variation produces up to 5.2% decrease in fuel rate. In addition, step response increases with the fuel temperature. Fuel temperature has no virtual impact on the steady-state and dynamic characteristics of FMU under the testing condition in this paper, implying that FMU can operate normally in the given temperature range.

A comparison of traceable spatial angle autocollimator calibrations performed by PTB and VTT MIKES

Metrologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf D Geckeler ◽  
Matthias Schumann ◽  
Andreas Just ◽  
Michael Krause ◽  
Antti Lassila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Systematic Measurement ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Optical Surface ◽  
Transfer Standard ◽  
Surface Normal ◽  
National Metrology Institutes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Creation

Abstract Autocollimators are versatile devices for angle metrology used in a wide range of applications in engineering and manufacturing. A modern electronic autocollimator generally features two measuring axes and can thus fully determine the surface normal of an optical surface relative to it in space. Until recently, however, the calibration capabilities of the national metrology institutes were limited to plane angles. Although it was possible to calibrate both measuring axes independently of each other, it was not feasible to determine their crosstalk if angular deflections were present in both axes simultaneously. To expand autocollimator calibrations from plane angles to spatial angles, PTB and VTT MIKES have created dedicated calibration devices which are based on different measurement principles and accomplish the task of measurand traceability in different ways. Comparing calibrations of a transfer standard makes it possible to detect systematic measurement errors of the two devices and to evaluate the validity of their uncertainty budgets. The importance of measurand traceability via calibration for a broad spectrum of autocollimator applications is one of the motivating factors behind the creation of both devices and for this comparison of the calibration capabilities of the two national metrology institutes. The latter is the focus of the work presented here.

ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITION AND DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEM ARCHIVES

Infolib ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Anvar Aliyev ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic System ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Future Plans

This article discusses the main issues of the creation and development of electronic archives aimed at solving the problems of acquisition, accounting, storage and use of archival documents. In this article, the author focuses on the work done during the years of independence in Uzbekistan on the organization of electronic archives, problems and future plans. As a result of his research, the author reflected his scientific approach by studying foreign experience. The important normative and legal documents available for the introduction of electronic archives in Uzbekistan during the years of independence and adopted in this regard for the next year are analyzed. While studying the issue of creating electronic archives, the author took into account the existing material and technical and personnel capabilities of the archives. It is said that the organization of electronic archives creates modern opportunities for the collection, accounting, storage and use of archival documents

THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF COLLECTING THE DOCUMENTARY HERITAGE AND CREATING THE STATE ARCHIVAL FUND OF THE USSR IN 1917–1930S

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-99
Author(s):  
Nina I. Khimina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The State ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
History Of Collecting ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Effective Use

The article examines the history of collecting documentary and cultural heritage since 1917 and the participation of archives, museums and libraries in the creation of the Archival Fund of the country. In the 1920s and 1930s, archival institutions were established through the efforts of outstanding representatives of Russian culture. At the same period, the structure and activities of the museums created earlier in the Russian state in the 18th – 19th centuries were improved. The new museums that had been opened in various regions of Russia received rescued archival funds, collections and occasional papers. It is shown that during this period there was a discussion about the differentiation of the concepts of an “archive”, “library” and a “museum”. The present work reveals the difficulties in the interaction between museums, libraries and archives in the process of saving the cultural heritage of the state and arranging archival documents; the article also discusses the problems and complications in the formation of the State Archival Fund of the USSR. During this period, the development of normative and methodological documents regulating the main areas of work on the description and registration of records received by state repositories contributed to a more efficient use and publication of the documents stored in the state archives. It is noted that museums and libraries had problems connected with the description of the archival documents accepted for storage, with record keeping and the creation of the finding aids for them, as well as with the possibilities of effective use of the papers. The documents of the manuscript departments of museums and libraries have become part of the unified archival heritage of Russia and, together with the state archives, they now provide information resources for conducting various kinds of historical research.

scholarly journals Pages of the history of Ossetian art: national opera studio at the moscow conservatory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.Э. Батагова
Keyword(s):  
Musical Theater ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
National Opera ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Strategy

Данная статья посвящена одному из аспектов становления и раз- вития осетинского национального музыкального театра. Раскрывается исто- рия создания и функционирования Осетинской оперной студии при Московской государственной консерватории. Формирование национальных оперных студий явилось одной из составляющих государственной стратегии по ускоренному развитию музыкального искусства в национальных республиках. Выпускники Осетинской оперной студии составили основу Оперного ансамбля (1951), а за- тем и оперной труппы национального музыкального театра (1958, 1972). Осо- бое внимание автор уделил изучению архивных документов, материалов прес- сы, раскрывающих особенности учебного процесса и творческой деятельности студийцев. This article is devoted to one of the aspects of formation and development of the Ossetian national musical theater. The history of the creation and functioning of the Ossetian Opera Studio at the Moscow State Conservatory is revealed. The formation of national Opera studios was one of the components of the state strategy for the accelerated development of musical art in the national republics. Graduates of the Ossetian opera studio formed the basis of the Opera ensemble (1951), and then the Opera Сompany of the National Musical Theater (1958, 1972). The author paid special attention to the study of archival documents and press materials that reveal the features of the educational process and creative activities of students.

scholarly journals Análise crítica da teoria dos direitos humanos na obra de Michel Villey

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Rabay Guerra ◽  
Henrique Jerônimo Bezerra Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
General Theory ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Christian Wolff ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Given ◽  
Intrinsic Contradiction ◽  
Do So

RESUMOEste artigo tem por objeto a Teoria dos Direitos Humanos em Michel Villey. Seu objetivo é apresentar uma contestação à alegação de Michel Villey de que os direitos humanos não podem ser considerados Direito. Para tanto, realiza uma apresentação da Teoria dos Direitos Humanos em Michel Villey, passando pela criação dos direitos humanos em Thomas Hobbes, a inversão de objetivos dos direitos humanos em John Locke e a expansão dos direitos humanos em Christian Wolff. Em seguida passa a apresentar a crítica de Michel Villey aos direitos humanos e as falhas deste autor ao realizar suas acusações, haja vista a possibilidade de solução das contradições (colisões) entre os direitos humanos, além de que não se pode confundir o critério de validade da norma com sua eficácia. O trabalho conclui pela juridicidade dos direitos humanos ao demonstrar que a suposta contradição não seria razão para retirar esta qualidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVEFilosofia do Direito. Direitos Humanos. Michel Villey. ABSTRACTThe present work deals with the General Theory of Human Rights in Michel Villey. Its purpose is to present a challenge to Michel Villeys’ claim that human rights are not legal norms. To do so, the text presents the General Theory of Human Rights in Michel Villey, including the creation of human rights by Thomas Hobbes, the changing perspective attributed to John Locke and the numerical expansion of human rights attributed to Christian Wolff. The text then presents Michel Villeys’ critics of human rights and the problems with those critics; specifically, that the given conflicts between norms aren’t sufficient to declare that they aren’t legal norms, other than that, the text points that in his critics Michel Villey confuses the concepts of validity of the norm with its effectiveness. The work concludes that human rights are legal norms and its supposed intrinsic contradiction is not sufficient to withdraw this quality.KEYWORDSPhilosophy of Law. Human Rights. Michel Villey.

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