scholarly journals ON SOME OBSTACLES AND CHALLENGES TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CHINESE INITIATIVE ONE BELT, ONE ROAD

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Aghavn HARUTYUNYAN
Keyword(s):  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Expert Community ◽  
Global Influence

recent years, much has been said and written about the Chinese BRI (Belt and Road initiative): the mainly discussed issues relating to its economic benefits for the participating countries and the possible impact in the global and regional balance of power. However, relatively little attention has been paid paid to the risks and problems affecting the success of the initiative in the long term. The diverse cultural, religious, economic, and socio-political situation in countries along BRI routes contributes to the inevitable and inherent risks and challenges for the project, both domestically and internationally. It may mean that in order to implement BRI, China will have to deal with powerful global competitors and some influential regional powers, which implies a new geopolitical rivalry in Eurasia and the struggle for global influence. With the expansion of coverage to more than 70 countries, some concerns and complaints have arisen regarding BRI that have received wide publicity. In the expert community and the mass media, mainly in the West, we increasingly see comments on the growing problems of BRI and even forecasts of the possible refusal of developing countries to participate in BRI, due to their unwillingness to become an economic, raw material and financial appendage to the Middle Kingdom. According to critics of the Chinese initiative, previously optimistic participants of BRI will “soon realize” that all promises about the benefits of the project for their economies are greatly exaggerated, therefore they will have to reconsider their financial terms of agreements with the Chinese partners.

Belt and Road could remake the strategic map of Asia

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Alternative Vision ◽  
Regional Order ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy

Subject The geostrategic impacts of One Belt One Road. Significance One Belt One Road (OBOR) is an inflexion point in China’s foreign policy. It builds on existing doctrines by ‘building capabilities’ and ‘striking some successes', but also presents a novel challenge to the established regional order. It has the potential to reshape the economic system and alter the balance of power in Asia. As such, it has the potential to pave the way for China’s ascendancy, at the expense of the United States and regional powers. Impacts Russia will cautiously embrace OBOR, despite the potential implications for its influence in Central Asia. India and Japan could expand on the ‘Asia-Africa Growth Corridor’ to promote an alternative vision for Asian connectivity. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank will steer clear of OBOR projects that are dual-use or located in disputed areas.

National Concepts of Security and the Problem Of Integration in Transcaucasia

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-301
Author(s):  
Anush Begoyan
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
State Security ◽  
Joint Provision

AbstractThe article examines security issues of the Transcaucasian region with the focus on nonmilitary and trans-border security threats and a regional security community that also includes non-state security actors of the region, such as not-recognised autonomous entities, nations, ethnic groups, minorities, etc.This approach to regional security shifts the focus of policies from balance of power to closer regional integration and cooperation, as well as joint provision of regional security. Despite many objectives and existing obstacles to this scenario of regional development, the author sees it to be the only way toward a stable and long-term security in the region. The article argues that closer regional cooperation and integration would allow to accommodate interests and security concerns of non-state actors of the region and would bring the fate of regional issues back in the hands of the regional powers and create bases for sustainable and lasting peace in the region.

Expectations and Realities: Managing the Risks of the "Belt and Road" Initiative

2015 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 497-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Miao
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
National Image ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
China Threat ◽  
Political Economic

This article aims to explore China's motivations for its "Belt and Road Initiative" which has emerged as China's major policy framework for domestic development and foreign diplomacy. This author argues that China has four basic expectations from the initiative: addressing the perception of the "China threat"; achieving long-term economic benefits; assuaging the grave concern over the threat of American maritime primacy on China's trade and energy lifelines; and rebuilding a world order in favor of China's interests and "predominance." After evaluating the four assumed benefits against the realities, the study argues that both the Chinese leadership and academia have overestimated the potential gains while underestimating the political, economic and security risks of the initiative. Therefore, it is proposed that China should carefully manage its own national image, run projects based on economic rationale, be prudent in its military and strategic involvement, and refrain from eager challenges of the U.S.-led world order.

scholarly journals Brazilian engagement to Asia and the Belt and Road Initiative in 2017: less politics, more trade and investments

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-43
Author(s):  
João Paulo Nicolini Gabriel ◽  
Desirée Almeida Pires ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Official Data

The paper aims to understand Brazilian position in relation to Asia and Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), based on a review of the bibliography and journalistic articles on Brazil-Asia subject and an observance of official data of the Brazilian economy. Since Dilma Rousseff until Michel Temer’s government, Brazil has facing a troubled political and economic scenario, which negatively impacts on its diplomacy. Although Brazil reaffirmed its commitment with global strategic partnership with China in terms of trade flows, the lack of Brazilian participation on issues of global political nature directly impacts on the way in which Brasilia moved its attention to the BRI and to the Asian affairs. The ambitious proportions and objectives of the BRI summed to the rise of a nationalist economic policy of the United States indicate a deepening of several movements that have been changing the international balance of power, which can offer opportunities for Brazil, by means of a cohesive long-term policy for Asia and in a multifaceted way beyond trade. 

scholarly journals RUSSIA'S PARTICIPATION IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CHINESE “ONE BELT, ONE ROAD” PROJECT: OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
V.R. Zolotykh ◽  
D.I. Akhmetzyanova
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The European Union ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Road Project ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The One ◽  
Policy Problems ◽  
The Belt And Road

The "One Belt, One Road" project is beneficial to the Chinese side and will be implemented regardless of the opinion and position of Russia. Within the framework of the initiative, the economic and political interests of the two countries intersect. The article analyzes the ratio of risks and opportunities for Russia's participation in the “Belt and Road”. The characteristics of the project itself and the principles on which it will be built are given. Participation in the project promises economic benefits for Russia, and can also become an opportunity to solve long-standing foreign policy problems. At the same time, the Chinese initiative may become a threat to the advancement of Russia's interests in Central Asia and create competition with China for sales markets in Eastern Europe. China, as the creator of the initiative, is the leader of a project involving more than 150 countries and international organizations. This, in turn, contains the danger of Chinese expansion on the continent. The geopolitical aspect will also become a risk. Russia could find itself caught in a triangle between China, the European Union and the United States, with no room for maneuver.

scholarly journals An Officious Impact of Financial Innovations and ICT on Economic Evolution in China: Revealing the Substantial Role of BRI

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8962
Author(s):  
Khurram Shehzad ◽  
Umer Zaman ◽  
Ana Ercília José ◽  
Emrah Koçak ◽  
Paulo Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Financial Innovation ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Road Project ◽  
Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative removes regional barriers and brings communities closer together. In addition, ICT and financial innovation have helped transform the world into a big village and promoted economic growth. The study assessed the dynamic impact of ICT, economic globalization, and financial innovation on China’s economic growth. The study used quarterly data from 2000 to 2019 and used the ARDL model to determine long-term and short-term consequences. The results of the study show that ICT has a positive affiliation with economic growth in China. In addition, financial innovation has also shown a direct impact on economic growth. The study shows that China’s One Belt One Road project (economic globalization) has a great positive impact on its GDP. The consequences of the causality test discovered the significant unidirectional causality running from ICT and economic globalization (ECGI) to GDP. The study recommends mandatory policies related to ICT, financial innovation, and economic globalization to achieve long-term and sustainable development in China.

The Belt and Road Initiative: Goals and Challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Adnan Khalaf i Hammed Al-Badrani ◽  
Hind Ziyad Nafeih
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Ancient Silk Road ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative is an initiative to revive the ancient Silk Road, through networks of land and sea roads, oil and gas pipelines, electric power lines, the Internet and airports, to create a model of regional and international cooperation.       It is essentially a long-term development strategy, launched by the Chinese president in 2013 to become the main engine of Chinese domestic policy and foreign diplomacy and within the framework of the soft power strategy, to enhance its position and influence in the world as a peaceful and responsible country.   The study includes identifying the initiative and setting goals for China, as well as the challenges and difficulties that hinder the initiative.

ASSESSMENT OF KIDNEY FUNCTIONAL RESERVE ON THE BACKGROUND OF ANTI-AGGREGATE THERAPY IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE II-III STAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Khabib Barnoev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Functional Reserve ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Antiaggregant Therapy

The article presents the results of a study to assess the functional reserve of the kidneys against the background of a comparative study of antiaggregant therapy dipyridamole and allthrombosepin in 50 patients with a relatively early stage of chronic kidney disease. Studies have shown that long-term administration of allthrombosepin to patients has resulted in better maintenance of kidney functional reserves. Therefore, our research has once again confirmed that diphtheridamol, which is widely used as an antiaggregant drug in chronic kidney disease, does not lag behind the domestic raw material allthrombosepin

Enhancing community welfare through improved water quality: a case for applying staggered pollution charges in the river Musi sub-basin of Andhra Pradesh, India

Water Policy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-483
Author(s):  
Tishya Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Community Acceptance ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Over Time

In conditions of severe water-pollution and dormant community acceptance of accumulating environmental damage, the regulator's role goes beyond pollution prevention and more towards remediation and solutions based on the community's long-term expectations of economic benefits from clean water. This paper suggests a method to enable these benefits to become perceptible progressively, through participatory clean-up operations, supported by staggered pollution charges. It analyses the relevant literature on pollution prevention and applies a cost-based “willingness to pay” model, using primary basin-level data of total marginal costs. It develops a replicable demand-side approach imposing charge-standard targets over time in urban-industrial basins of developing countries.

China’s evolving humanitarian diplomacy: Evidence from China’s disaster-related aid to Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 205789112110192
Author(s):  
Peng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
Effective Channel ◽  
India And China

Engaging in disaster relief and, more recently, post-disaster reconstruction in developing countries with critical geoeconomic and geopolitical interests has become an increasingly regular and institutionalized component of China’s evolving humanitarian diplomacy over the past decade. Drawn upon novel evidence from China’s growing disaster-related humanitarian assistance to Nepal and unprecedented engagement in Nepal’s long-term post-earthquake rebuild since 2015, this article explores the dynamics behind China’s transforming humanitarian diplomacy. The findings of this article suggest that: 1) geopolitical and geoeconomic interests, represented by the Belt-and-Road Initiative, serve as a critical driver for the development of China’s bilateral partnership with other countries in the disaster sector; 2) long-term cooperation with underdeveloped countries like Nepal provides China, both government and non-state actors (NSAs), with an effective channel to engage with the international humanitarian community and to internalize humanitarian norms; 3) although humanitarian missions remain contingent and instrumental in China’s international relations, they are laying the foundations for a specialized humanitarian policy area with more relevant normative assets, more professional actors, and more sophisticated institutions; 4) NSAs, represented by private foundations and civil NGOs, have played active roles in the state-dominant cooperation in disaster management. This article also suggests that intensified geopolitical confrontations, such as military clashes between India and China along their disputed borders over the past year, would lead to a high degree of politicization of humanitarian missions and partnerships counter-conducive to humanitarian goals.

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