scholarly journals MEDICAL EDUCATOR'S NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR AND ITS IMPACT ON STUDENTS AND EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anbreen Aziz ◽  
Farzana Majeed ◽  
Saadia Muneer Malik
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Perceptions ◽  
Nonverbal Behavior ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Happy Mood ◽  
Medical Educators

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Nonverbal communication has been overlooked in medical education. The purpose of this study was to explore student-teacher perceptions regarding impact of nonverbal behavior of medical educators on educational environment. METHODOLOGY: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted among purposively chosen final year students (n=150) and medical teachers (n=73) from three dental colleges of Islamabad. A web-based survey concerning three domains of kinesics (Facial expressions, Gestures, Head movement and postures) was developed and validated before execution. Comparison of participant’s responses to closed-ended questions was done by applying Fisher’s Exact Test and open-ended questions were thematically analyzed. RESULTS: Response rate of students and teachers was 46% and 63% respectively. Five out of nine closed-ended questions gave statistically significant difference among student’s and teacher’s responses (p≤0.05). Twenty-seven subthemes emerged from three domains of kinesics. Students revealed that happy mood of their teachers reduces boredom in the classroom and a teacher’s smile lets them freely express anything, whereas anger produces fear among them. According to the educators a happy instructor inspires students to study and makes the environment friendly and an undemanding smile helps build a rapport with students. Moreover, positive gestures used by teachers encourage students to clarify concepts and upright posture brings energy and motivation to the classroom. CONCLUSION: A teacher’s nonverbal behavior has a profound effect on educational environment. A smile on a teacher’s face creates a friendly and fearless environment whereas anger creates barriers to communication. A happy teacher can generate a pleasant and motivating learning environment.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemics and Impacts on Medical Educators in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiling Chen ◽  
Shiqian Zou ◽  
Siyi Wang ◽  
Babatunde Akinwunmi ◽  
Wai-Kit Ming
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Medical Teaching ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Medical Educators

Abstract Background: Education informatization is still in the early stage in China. The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic led medical educators passively incorporating information technology for remote medical teaching, in which challenges and opportunities have co-existed.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to (1) explore the medical educators' perception and experience of online teaching in medical education before and after emergency remote teaching (ERT) experience during the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) illustrate the medical educators' satisfaction on the contribution of online teaching on medical teaching, and (3) reveal the main challenges medical educators met when they conduct the ERT during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to demonstrate whether the challenges are a different by age or gender including some other factors.Methods: A web-based questionnaire was disseminated to the faculty of medical education departments at higher institutions in China. The collected quantitative data of the questionnaire were analyzed by using the SPSS software package. Descriptive statistics were conducted on demographic data and the perception and experience of medical educators before and after the COVID-19 were shown as the frequencies and percentages, while the teachers' opinions on contribution of online teaching on medical education were analyzed by descriptive statistics with means and standard deviations. Multiple response analysis combined with crosstabulation chi-square test was applied, and a P-value <.05 was considered to be statistically significant to exams the relationship between age as well as gender and difficulties met in online teaching respectively.Results: A total of 26 medical educators (65.38%, n=17 female and 34.62%, n=9 male) were valid participants. Total 57.69% (n=15) of them had used web-based teaching before the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas 43.21% (n=11) had not. The agreement level on the teaching effect of online teaching was medium, with a mean value of 2.55 (range from 1-5). The first two difficulties medical teachers came across in online teaching were the web-based instructional design (27%), and the unfamiliarity with web-based teaching tools (25 %). No significant difference in the types of difficulties encountered by different ages (P=0.969) or gender (P = 0.873) in online teaching.Conclusions: The majority of medical educators are open-minded to incorporating online teaching into their teaching practice in the future. However, medical educators in China commonly faced shared difficulties when they adopted online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Identify these challenges and proposing some relevant suggestions to promote a further increase in the active adoption of information technology in medical education.

scholarly journals Effect of Recruitment Methods on Response Rate in a Web-Based Study for Primary Care Physicians: Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuhei So ◽  
Kiyomi Shinohara ◽  
Takuya Aoki ◽  
Yasushi Tsujimoto ◽  
Aya M Suganuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Subject Line ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject

BACKGROUND Low participation rates are one of the most serious disadvantages of Web-based studies. It is necessary to develop effective strategies to improve participation rates to obtain sufficient data. OBJECTIVE The objective of this trial was to investigate the effect of emphasizing the incentive in the subject line of the invitation email and the day of the week of sending the invitation email on the participation rate in a Web-based trial. METHODS We conducted a 2×2 factorial design randomized controlled trial. We contacted 2000 primary care physicians from members of the Japan Primary Care Association in January 2017 and randomly allocated them to 1 of 4 combinations of 2 subject lines (presence or absence of an emphasis on a lottery for an Amazon gift card worth 3000 yen or approximately US $30) and 2 delivery days (sending the invitation email on Tuesday or Friday). The primary outcome was the response rate defined as the number of participants answering the first page of the questionnaire divided by the number of invitation emails delivered. All outcomes were collected between January 17, 2017, and February 8, 2017. RESULTS We analyzed data from 1943 out of 2000 participants after excluding those whose email addresses were invalid. The overall response rate was 6.3% (123/1943). There was no significant difference in the response rates between the 2 groups regarding incentive in the subject line: the risk ratio was 1.12 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.58) and the risk difference was 0.7% (95% CI –1.5% to 2.9%). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the response rates between the 2 groups regarding sending the email on Tuesday or Friday: the risk ratio was 0.98 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.38) and the risk difference was –0.1% (95% CI –2.3% to 2.1%). CONCLUSIONS Neither emphasizing the incentive in the subject line of the invitation email nor varying the day of the week the invitation email was sent led to a meaningful increase in response rates in a Web-based trial with primary care physicians. CLINICALTRIAL University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000025317; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000029121 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation. org/6wOo1jl9t)

scholarly journals Implementation of the OSTRC Handball Injury Prevention Exercises in Professional Handball

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Wesam Saleh A. Al Attar ◽  
Nawaf Al Masoudi ◽  
Ali Al Zubeadi ◽  
Ahmed Qasem
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Trauma Research ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
Survey Response Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Implementation Level

Purpose. The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (OSTRC) handball injury prevention exercise is an evidence-based injury prevention exercise designed to prevent handball injury. This study aimed to assess the implementation of the OSTRC handball injury prevention exercises among professional handball players in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Materials and methods. A web-based survey to acquire information regarding the implementation of OSTRC handball injury prevention exercises was distributed to 267 professional handball players in six GCC countries.  Results. A total of 250 handball players from the GCC countries responded to the survey (response rate 93.6%). The mean (±SD (Standard Deviation)) of the total implementation score was 13 (±2.558), with no statistically significant difference between the GCC countries, with a P-value of 0.123. The highest mean score was shown from Bahrain at 13.60 (±2.614), while the lowest was from Qatar at 12.10 (±2.427). Conclusions. A low implementation level of the OSTRC handball prevention exercises among the handball players in the GCC countries was reported in the current study.

COVID-19 Pandemics and Impacts on Medical Educators in China (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiling Chen ◽  
Shiqian Zou ◽  
Siyi Wang ◽  
Babatunde Akinwunmi ◽  
Wai-Kit Ming
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Medical Educators ◽  
Medical Teachers ◽  
The Web

BACKGROUND Education informatization is still in the early stage in China. The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic led medical educators to passively incorporating information technology for remote medical teaching, in which challenges and opportunities have co-existed. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to (1) explore the medical educators' perception and experience of online teaching in medical education before and after emergency remote teaching (ERT) experience during the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) illustrate the medical educators' satisfaction with the contribution of online teaching on medical teaching, and (3) reveal the main challenges medical educators met when they conduct the ERT during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to demonstrate whether the challenges are different by age or gender including some other factors. METHODS A web-based questionnaire was disseminated to the faculty of medical education departments at higher institutions in China. The collected quantitative data of the questionnaire were analyzed by using the SPSS software package. Descriptive statistics were conducted on demographic data and the perception and experience of medical educators before and after the COVID-19 were shown as the frequencies and percentages, while the teachers' opinions on contribution of online teaching on medical education were analyzed by descriptive statistics with means and standard deviations. Multiple response analysis combined with crosstabulation chi-square test was applied, and a P-value <.05 was considered to be statistically significant to exams the relationship between age as well as gender and difficulties met in online teaching respectively. RESULTS A total of 26 medical educators (65.38%, n=17 female and 34.62%, n=9 male) were valid participants. Total 57.69% (n=15) of them had used web-based teaching before the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas 43.21% (n=11) had not. The agreement level on the teaching effect of online teaching was medium, with a mean value of 2.55 (range from 1-5). The first two difficulties medical teachers came across in online teaching were the web-based instructional design (27%), and the unfamiliarity with web-based teaching tools (25 %). No significant difference in the types of difficulties encountered by different ages (P=0.969) or gender (P = 0.873) in online teaching. CONCLUSIONS A total of 26 medical educators (65.38%, n=17 female and 34.62%, n=9 male) were valid participants. Total 57.69% (n=15) of them had used web-based teaching before the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas 43.21% (n=11) had not. The agreement level on the teaching effect of online teaching was medium, with a mean value of 2.55 (range from 1-5). The first two difficulties medical teachers came across in online teaching were the web-based instructional design (27%) and the unfamiliarity with web-based teaching tools (25 %). No significant difference in the types of difficulties encountered by different ages (P=0.969) or gender (P = 0.873) in online teaching.

A Comparison of Mail, Fax and Web-Based Survey Methods

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cihan Cobanoglu ◽  
Patrick J Moreo ◽  
Bill Warde
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Data Consistency ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Mail Surveys ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
University Setting ◽  
Speed Response

This study compares mail, fax and web-based surveys in a university setting for response speed, response rate and costs. The survey was distributed to 300 hospitality professors randomly chosen from the Council on Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional Education members listed in the organisation's online directory as of April 2000. It was found that the fastest method was fax, with an average of 4.0 days to respond, followed by web surveys with 5.97 days. The slowest method, as expected, was mail surveys, with 16.46 days to respond. On average, the response rate was 28.91%: 26.27% for mail, 17.0% for fax, and 44.21% for web surveys. An LSD-type z-test shows significant differences between mail and email/web and between fax and email/web, but no significant difference between mail and fax. In addition, data were analysed for data consistency and cost.

Success Rate of Obturation of Root Canals by Different Techniques in Primary Molars: A Comparative Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Satyawan G. Damle ◽  
Ritika Bansal ◽  
Dhanashree D. Sakhare
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comparative Clinical Study

Objective: To compare the success rate of different obturation procedures in primary mandibular second molars clinically and also by digital radiovisiography. Methods: A total of 40 children aged between 4-8 years with deeply carious mandibular second primary molars indicated for single session pulpectomy were selected. Canals were obturated with Metapex. The 3 study groups (Endodontic plugger, Handheld lentulospiral, Navi Tip syringe) were compared with the control group (reamer) both clinically and radiovisiographically. The data collected were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The use of Navi tip syringe led to the least number of voids followed by Endodontic plugger and Reamer and the highest number of voids was reported with Lentulospiral. Navitip presented maximum number of optimally filled cases followed by Endodontic plugger and Lentulospiral and least number of optimally filled cases with reamer. However, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in any of the groups with clinical (pain and tenderness to percussion) and radiographic parameters (presence or absence of voids and length of obturation). Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, though the clinical outcome was statistically insignificant, Navitip syringe exhibited encouraging results and is a promising option for obturation in primary teeth.

EFFECT OF WEB BASED INSTRUCTIONS ON ACHIEVEMENT IN SOCIAL STUDIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajwinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the study was to study the Effect of Web based instructions on achievement in Social Studies. The sample consisted of 100 students from Grade 8th of schools affiliated to C.B.S.E of Ferozepur and were randomly split into two groups-control (taught by traditional method) and experimental (taught by Web based instruction) groups. Firstly pre-test was administered on both the groups; then the students in the control group were taught by conventional method while experimental group was taught by Web based instructions. Then post-test was administrated on both the groups. The Statistical techniques were then employed to data collected and analysis and interpretation of the data was done. The result of the study implied that there exists significant difference in achievement in Social Studies based on Web based instructions and conventional method. The study also revealed that there exist significant gender differences in achievement in Social Studies with Web based instructions.

Post creation strategies in a smoking cessation intervention based on motivational interviewing using Facebook: a mixed-methods content analysis (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pócs ◽  
Tímea Óvári ◽  
Csaba Hamvai ◽  
Oguz Kelemen
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tobacco Use Cessation ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND Smoking cessation support on Facebook (FB) is a cost-effective and extensible way to reduce tobacco use among young people. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a practical counselling style in face-to-face smoking cessation support and can be useful in web-based interventions as well. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at identifying which post creation strategies based on MI could achieve positive changes in FB post characteristics and FB users’ comments. METHODS We included MI-adherent posts (N=701) which were not boosted and were targeted at tobacco users. These FB posts have been categorized into five different groups according to specific MI strategies. The control group comprised entertaining and informative posts. Primary outcomes seem to highlight how the content has stimulated interactions (engagement rate), inhibited interactions (negative feedback) or appealed to the audience of the FB page (fan-total reach ratio). The first comments received on the FB posts were evaluated and used as secondary outcomes. We applied the classification of MI approach: change talk (CT), sustain talk (ST), desire, ability, reason, need (DARN), and commitment, activation, taking steps (CAT). RESULTS FB posts which used MI strategies were associated with significantly higher engagement rate (p=.010), higher fan-total reach ratio (p<.001), and more CT (p<.001), DARN (p=.005), or CAT comments (p=.003) compared to the control group. ‘Elaborating CT’ strategies elicited considerably more CT (p<.001) and DARN comments (p=.020). ‘Affirming CT’ strategies obtained higher fan-total reach ratio (p=.011) and generated significantly more CT (p=.006) and CAT comments (p<.001). ‘Reflecting CT’ strategies received significantly higher fan-total reach ratio (p<.001). Finally, ‘relational MI’ strategies achieved significantly higher engagement rate (p<.001) compared to the control group. It should be noted that we did not find significant difference in negative feedback and the number of ST comments. CONCLUSIONS Post creation strategies based on MI stimulated interactions with FB users and generated conversation about tobacco use cessation without relevant negative feedback. Our findings suggest that MI strategies may play a remarkable role in post creation within a web-based smoking cessation intervention. In the future, these strategies could be applicable to other online platforms, such as public health websites, health blogs, mobile applications or social networking groups.

Estimating the number of cases during COVID-19 pandemics using a web-based tool: first week results of “COVID-19 TRENDS” social media project in the Araba-Alava province in Basque country, Spain. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Garitano ◽  
Manuel Linares ◽  
Laura Santos ◽  
Ruth Gil ◽  
Elena Lapuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Health Action ◽  
Estimate Number ◽  
Media Project

UNSTRUCTURED On 28th February a case of COVID-19 was declared in Araba-Álava province, Spain. In Spain, a confinement and movement restrictions were established by Spanish Government at 14th March 2020. We implemented a web-based tool to estimate number of cases during the pandemic. We present the results in Áraba-Álava province. We reached a response rate of 10,3% out a 331.549 population. We found that 22,4 % fulfilled the case definition. This tool rendered useful to inform public health action.

scholarly journals COVD-26. TELEPHONE CONSULTATIONS IN NEURO-ONCOLOGY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LEVELS OF PATIENT SATISFACTION AND COMPARISON WITH TRADITIONAL FACE-TO-FACE CONSULTATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii26-ii26
Author(s):  
Emma Toman ◽  
Claire Goddard ◽  
Frederick Berki ◽  
William Garratt ◽  
Teresa Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire ◽  
Telephone Consultation ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
The University

Abstract INTRODUCTION Controversy exists as to whether telephone clinics are appropriate in neurosurgical-oncology. The COVID-19 pandemic forced neuro-oncology services worldwide to re-design and at the University Hospitals Birmingham UK, telephone clinics were quickly implemented in select patients to limit numbers of patients attending hospital. It was important to determine how these changes were perceived by patients. METHODS A 20-question patient satisfaction questionnaire was distributed to patients who attended neuro-oncology clinic in person (“face-to-face”), or via the telephone. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine significance, which was set at p&lt; 0.05. RESULTS Eighty questionnaires were distributed between June 2020 and August 2020. Overall, 50% (n=40) of patients returned the questionnaire, 50% (n=23) of face-to-face and 50% (n=17) telephone patients. Of those who received telephone consultations, 88% (n=15) felt the consultation was convenient, 88% (n=15) were satisfied with their consultation and 18% (n=3) felt they would have preferred to have a face-to-face appointment. Of those who attended clinic in person, 96% (n=22) felt their consultation was convenient, 100% (n=23) were satisfied with their consultation and 13% (n=3) would have preferred a telephone consultation. Within the face-to-face clinic attendees, only 13% (n=3) were concerned regarding the COVID risk associated with attending hospital. There was no significant difference in patient convenience or satisfaction (p=0.565 and p=0.174 respectively) between face-to-face and telephone clinics. There was no significant difference in whether patients would’ve preferred the alternative method of consultation (p &gt; 0.999). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that careful patient selection for neuro-oncology telephone clinic is not inferior to face-to-face clinic. Telephone clinic during COVID-19 pandemic proved to be convenient, safe and effective. This global health crisis has transformed telephone neuro-oncology consultations from an experimental innovation into established practice and should be continued beyond the pandemic in select cases.

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