The Relationship between Bank-Specific Financial Characteristics and Changes in Supply by Loan Type: Focusing on Linear and Non-Linear Relationships

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between related party transactions, financial characteristics, and corporate governance on the corporate value in Taiwan’s food industry during 2008–2017. The results show that non-linear relationships among related party transactions, financial characteristics, corporate governance, and corporate value. This study recommends to low-growth food firms that they should strengthen the power of their financial performance and corporate governance.

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Examining Non-Linear Relationships between Human Resource Practices and Manufacturing Performance

ILR Review ◽

10.1177/001979390706000403 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 499-521 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Clint Chadwick

Keyword(s):

Human Resources ◽

Private Sector ◽

Human Resource ◽

Census Bureau ◽

Human Resource Practices ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Manufacturing Performance ◽

Non Linear ◽

The Relationship

One little-explored question concerning innovative human resources practices is how the intensity of their implementation affects their impact on establishment performance: is the relationship linear, or more complex? This analysis, using U.S. Census Bureau data for 1997 from a sample of 1,212 private sector manufacturing establishments, investigates the possibility of non-linearities in the relationship between establishment performance and six human resource practices. The author finds departures from linearity that are both statistically significant and substantively meaningful for four of the six practices. He concludes that linear estimations of these relationships could mislead theorists and result in faulty recommendations to practitioners.

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Personality Dimensions And Measures Of Risk Tolerance: Variance/Skew And Scenario Response Assessment

Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) ◽

10.19030/jber.v7i9.2335 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Greg Filbeck ◽

Patricia Hatfield ◽

Philip Horvath

Keyword(s):

Response Assessment ◽

Risk Tolerance ◽

Myers Briggs Type Indicator ◽

Personality Dimensions ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Type Indicator ◽

Ex Ante ◽

Non Linear ◽

Survey Results ◽

The Relationship

In this paper, we explore the relationship between dimensions of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and individual investor ex-ante risk tolerance. Ex-ante risk tolerance is measured using ex-ante variance and skew tolerance measures as well as industry-like Scenario Response Assessment (SRA). Our study uses survey results to relate these measures of ex-ante risk tolerance to MBTI measures. Our results indicate that personality dimensions do explain many SRA measures of individual ex-ante risk tolerance and further suggest that the relationship between personality dimensions and the industry-like individual ex-ante risk tolerance measures are generally complex and non-linear in form. Finally, our results find fewer, but still complex and non-linear, relationships between variance/skew ex-ante risk tolerance measures.

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Examining the effectiveness of blanket curtailment strategies in reducing bat fatalities at terrestrial wind farms in North America

10.1101/2021.08.17.456654 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Evan Adams ◽

Julia Gulka ◽

Kathryn A. Williams

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Wind Farms ◽

Field Studies ◽

The United States ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Exact Nature ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Non Linear ◽

Limited Power ◽

The Relationship

Blanket curtailment of turbine operations during low wind conditions has become an accepted operational minimization tactic to reduce bat mortality at terrestrial wind facilities. Site-specific studies have demonstrated that operational curtailment effectively reduces impacts, but the exact nature of the relationship between increased cut-in speed and fatality reduction in bats remains unclear. To evaluate the efficacy of differing blanket curtailment regimes in reducing bat fatality, we examined data from turbine curtailment experiments in the United States and Canada in a meta-analysis framework. We tested multiple statistical models to explore possible linear and non-linear relationships between turbine cut-in speed and bat fatality reduction. Because the overall sample size for this meta-analysis was small (n = 35 control-treatment studies from 16 field sites), we conducted a power analysis to assess the number of control-impact curtailment studies that would be needed to understand the relationship between fatality rate and change in cut-in speed under different fatality reduction scenarios. We also identified the characteristics of individual field studies that may influence their power to detect fatality reduction due to curtailment. Using a response ratio approach, we found a 56% reduction in fatality rates when using any blanket curtailment strategy that changes the cut-in speed from 0.5 to 3.5 m/s above the control (p < 0.001). However, we did not find strong evidence for linear (p =0 0.07) or non-linear (p > 0.11) associations between increasing cut-in speeds and fatality reduction. The power analyses showed that the power to detect effects in the meta-analysis was low if fatality reductions were less than 50%. Synthesizing across all analyses, we need more well-designed curtailment studies to determine the effect of increasing curtailment speed and the effect size is likely of a magnitude that we had limited power to detect.

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Non-linear Relationships Between Density and Demographic Traits of Aedes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-883857/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Logan A. Sauers ◽

Kelsey E. Hawes ◽

Steven A. Juliano

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Empirical Relationship ◽

Initial Density ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Adult Size ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Non Linear ◽

Per Capita ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Understanding the relationship of population dynamics to density is central to many ecological investigations. Despite the importance of density-dependence in determining population growth, the empirical relationship between density and per capita growth remains understudied in most systems and is often assumed to be linear. In experimental studies of interspecific competition, investigators often evaluate the predicted outcomes by assuming such linear relationships, fitting linear functions, and estimating parameters of competition models. In this paper, we tested experimentally the shape of the relationship between estimated population rate of change and initial density using laboratory-reared populations of three mosquito species. We estimated per capita growth rate for these experimental populations over a thirty-fold range of larval densities at a standard resource abundance. We then compared fits of linear models and several different nonlinear models for the relationship of estimated rate of change and density. We find that that the relationship between density and per capita growth is strongly non-linear in all three mosquitoes. Components of population growth (survivorship, development time, adult size) are also nonlinearly related to initial density. The causes and consequences of this nonlinearity are likely to be important issues for population and community ecology.

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Superior PM2.5 Estimation by Integrating Aerosol Fine Mode Data from the Himawari-8 Satellite in Deep and Classical Machine Learning Models

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13142779 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 2779

Author(s):

Zhou Zang ◽

Dan Li ◽

Yushan Guo ◽

Wenzhong Shi ◽

Xing Yan

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Ground Level ◽

Learning Models ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Non Linear ◽

Fine Mode ◽

The Relationship ◽

Haze Days ◽

Machine Learning Models

Artificial intelligence is widely applied to estimate ground-level fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from satellite data by constructing the relationship between the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and the surface PM2.5 concentration. However, aerosol size properties, such as the fine mode fraction (FMF), are rarely considered in satellite-based PM2.5 modeling, especially in machine learning models. This study investigated the linear and non-linear relationships between fine mode AOT (fAOT) and PM2.5 over five AERONET stations in China (Beijing, Baotou, Taihu, Xianghe, and Xuzhou) using AERONET fAOT and 5-year (2015–2019) ground-level PM2.5 data. Results showed that the fAOT separated by the FMF (fAOT = AOT × FMF) had significant linear and non-linear relationships with surface PM2.5. Then, the Himawari-8 V3.0 and V2.1 FMF and AOT (FMF&AOT-PM2.5) data were tested as input to a deep learning model and four classical machine learning models. The results showed that FMF&AOT-PM2.5 performed better than AOT (AOT-PM2.5) in modelling PM2.5 estimations. The FMF was then applied in satellite-based PM2.5 retrieval over China during 2020, and FMF&AOT-PM2.5 was found to have a better agreement with ground-level PM2.5 than AOT-PM2.5 on dust and haze days. The better linear correlation between PM2.5 and fAOT on both haze and dust days (dust days: R = 0.82; haze days: R = 0.56) compared to AOT (dust days: R = 0.72; haze days: R = 0.52) partly contributed to the superior accuracy of FMF&AOT-PM2.5. This study demonstrates the importance of including the FMF to improve PM2.5 estimations and emphasizes the need for a more accurate FMF product that enables superior PM2.5 retrieval.

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Expertise Measures Exhibit Non-Linear Relationships With Communication to Certain Audiences

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e572022006-001 ◽

1995 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Czarnolewski

Keyword(s):

Linear Relationships ◽

Non Linear

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Analysis of Maximum Expiratory Flow Volume Curves Using Canonical Correlation Analysis

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1635359 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 24 (02) ◽

pp. 91-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

W. van Pelt ◽

Ph. H. Quanjer ◽

M. E. Wise ◽

E. van der Burg ◽

R. van der Lende

Keyword(s):

Correlation Analysis ◽

Canonical Correlation Analysis ◽

Canonical Correlation ◽

Flow Volume ◽

Non Linear ◽

Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽

Expiratory Flow ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Age And Sex

SummaryAs part of a population study on chronic lung disease in the Netherlands, an investigation is made of the relationship of both age and sex with indices describing the maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve. To determine the relationship, non-linear canonical correlation was used as realized in the computer program CANALS, a combination of ordinary canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and non-linear transformations of the variables. This method enhances the generality of the relationship to be found and has the advantage of showing the relative importance of categories or ranges within a variable with respect to that relationship. The above is exemplified by describing the relationship of age and sex with variables concerning respiratory symptoms and smoking habits. The analysis of age and sex with MEFV curve indices shows that non-linear canonical correlation analysis is an efficient tool in analysing size and shape of the MEFV curve and can be used to derive parameters concerning the whole curve.

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Lack of an association between gallstone disease and bilirubin levels with risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomisation analysis

British Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1038/s41416-020-01211-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Culliford ◽

Alex J. Cornish ◽

Philip J. Law ◽

Susan M. Farrington ◽

Kimmo Palin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Large Scale ◽

Causal Effect ◽

Gallstone Disease ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Mendelian Randomisation ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

The Relationship ◽

Circulating Levels

Abstract Background Epidemiological studies of the relationship between gallstone disease and circulating levels of bilirubin with risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) have been inconsistent. To address possible confounding and reverse causation, we examine the relationship between these potential risk factors and CRC using Mendelian randomisation (MR). Methods We used two-sample MR to examine the relationship between genetic liability to gallstone disease and circulating levels of bilirubin with CRC in 26,397 patients and 41,481 controls. We calculated the odds ratio per genetically predicted SD unit increase in log bilirubin levels (ORSD) for CRC and tested for a non-zero causal effect of gallstones on CRC. Sensitivity analysis was applied to identify violations of estimator assumptions. Results No association between either gallstone disease (P value = 0.60) or circulating levels of bilirubin (ORSD = 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.96–1.03, P value = 0.90) with CRC was shown. Conclusions Despite the large scale of this study, we found no evidence for a causal relationship between either circulating levels of bilirubin or gallstone disease with risk of developing CRC. While the magnitude of effect suggested by some observational studies can confidently be excluded, we cannot exclude the possibility of smaller effect sizes and non-linear relationships.

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$$ T\overline{T} $$-like flows in non-linear electrodynamic theories and S-duality

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep04(2021)187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (4) ◽

Author(s):

H. Babaei-Aghbolagh ◽

Komeil Babaei Velni ◽

Davood Mahdavian Yekta ◽

H. Mohammadzadeh

Keyword(s):

Type Theory ◽

Free Action ◽

Momentum Tensor ◽

Flow Equation ◽

Supersymmetric Model ◽

Deformation Problem ◽

Dimensional Spacetime ◽

Non Linear ◽

The Relationship ◽

Simple Integration

Abstract We investigate the $$ T\overline{T} $$ T T ¯ -like flows for non-linear electrodynamic theories in D(=2n)-dimensional spacetime. Our analysis is restricted to the deformation problem of the classical free action by employing the proposed $$ T\overline{T} $$ T T ¯ operator from a simple integration technique. We show that this flow equation is compatible with $$ T\overline{T} $$ T T ¯ deformation of a scalar field theory in D = 2 and of a non-linear Born-Infeld type theory in D = 4 dimensions. However, our computation discloses that this kind of $$ T\overline{T} $$ T T ¯ flow in higher dimensions is essentially different from deformation that has been derived from the AdS/CFT interpretations. Indeed, the gravity that may be exist as a holographic dual theory of this kind of effective Born-Infeld action is not necessarily an AdS space. As an illustrative investigation in D = 4, we shall also show that our construction for the $$ T\overline{T} $$ T T ¯ operator preserves the original SL(2, ℝ) symmetry of a non-supersymmetric Born-Infeld theory, as well as $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 2 supersymmetric model. It is shown that the corresponding SL(2, ℝ) invariant action fixes the relationship between the $$ T\overline{T} $$ T T ¯ operator and quadratic form of the energy-momentum tensor in D = 4.

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