A Readily-Reconfigurable Continuous-Stirred Tank Photochemical Reactor Platform

A new modular photochemical continuous-stirred tank reactor design is described, based upon the development of light-source units that can be fitted to the previously described fReactor CSTR platform. In contrast to many tubular or plate-based designs, these units are especially well-suited to handling multiphasic mixtures, exemplified here in solid-liquid and gas-liquid photochemical reactions. The use of slurries as input feeds allows for intensification of a photochemical bromination, while the modular nature of the system facilitates simple integration of downstream reaction steps, exemplified here in a continuous synthesis of an intermediate for the drug valsartan.

The method for automatic control of a ship with directional instability

A method for creating an automatic control system for a ship with directional instability has been developed. As part of the tests of a small-sized unmanned vessel, a control diagram was built. It showed that the vessel is unstable along its route. It became necessary to add a control channel for the angular acceleration of the vessel to the main channels of the PID regulator. The PID-U regulator has a significant advantage in controlling an unstable vessel on the route over a standard PID regulator due to the channel of angular acceleration; the regulator monitors the angular speed and compensates it with control actions. The disadvantage of the method is difficulties in finding the angular acceleration of the vessel, since, gyroscopic sensors installed on vessels provide data only on the route and angular speed. Simple integration of the angular speed to determine the acceleration can result in errors, especially in wind-wave conditions. The mathematical observer based on the Kalman filter can be used. The results of operation modeling forthis regulator are described.

Highly dispersive optical soliton perturbation of Kudryashov’s arbitrary form having sextic-power law refractive index

In this research paper, a simple integration scheme is executed to secure new dark and singular soliton solutions for the highly dispersive nonlinear Schrödinger’s equation having Kudryashov’s arbitrary form with generalized nonlocal laws and sextic-power law refractive index.

Solution of structural mechanic’s problems by machine learning

This article proposes analysis procedure of structural mechanic’s problem as integral formulation. The analysis procedure was proposed as stressed-based analysis procedure as before plying the procedure, it is required to define stress distribution within the structural body by proper modelling and structural idealization assumptions. The methodology can suitable be applied for finding the solution of engineering applications with required accuracy. The methodology exploits the unfolded part of the structural analysis problems which were not so easy to solve such as geometric and material nonlinearity together with simple integration technique [11]. It has already unfolded the misery of physically exploiting plastic behaviour structures before the start of fracture of elastic materials [13]. The formulation is integral formulation rather than differential formulation in which whole stress –strain behaviour is utilised in the analysis procedure by using neural network as regression tool. In this article, one dimensional problem of uniaxial bar and plane strain axis symmetric problem of cylinder subjected to internal pressure is solved. The results are compared with the classical differential formulation or linear theory.

Drought indices: aggregation is necessary or it is only the researcher's choice

Drought is a natural phenomenon caused by extreme and persistent precipitation shortage. This shortfall causes impacts on hydrology, agriculture, and the economy of a country. Secondly, drought/dryness has certain unique characteristics (severity, duration) among the natural hazards which makes it difficult to classify the persistent and subjective network of impacts. Drought classification is important to manage drought, allowing both quantitative evaluation and potential risk assessment planning. The simpler approach of drought indices made it easier for various researchers and organizations to classify drought. Several drought indices have been proposed at the national and global level to characterize hydrological, meteorological and agricultural droughts. Until now, there has been no widely agreed drought index among researchers. Therefore, researchers are trying to modify and reconstruct a simple, complete, and robust drought index for effective use and planning of the management of water resources. Due to the complex terrestrial ecosystem, researchers used to integrate multiple drought indexes for evaluation and monitoring of regional drought conditions. The reviewed composite or aggregated indices revealed that the researchers are mainly focused on regional climatic and environmental conditions, and differences of theoretical backgrounds while integrating a drought index. There is a lack of performance evaluation of these indices because usually the comparative analysis between the integrated index and earlier developed composite indices is not performed. Secondly, the developer researchers did not mention limitations such as data, which is considered a paramount issue while applying these indices in other regions. Therefore, there is still comprehensive work needed for the simple integration of drought indexes for general applications.

MainzelHandler: A Library for a Simple Integration and Usage of the Mainzelliste

Pseudonymization plays a vital role in medical research. In Germany, the Technologie- und Methodenplattform für die vernetzte medizinische Forschung e.V. (TMF) has developed guidelines on how to create pseudonyms and how to handle personally identifiable information (PII) during this process. An open-source implementation of a pseudonymization service following these guidelines and therefore recommended by the TMF is the so-called “Mainzelliste”. This web application supports a REST-API for (de-) pseudonymization. For security reasons, a complex session and tokening mechanism for each (de-) pseudonymization is required and a careful interaction between front- and backend to ensure a correct handling of PII. The objective of this work is the development of a library to simplify the integration and usage of the Mainzelliste’s API in a TMF conform way. The frontend library uses JavaScript while the backend component is based on Java with an optional Spring Boot extension. The library is available under MIT open-source license from https://github.com/DanielPreciado-Marquez/MainzelHandler.

$$ T\overline{T} $$-like flows in non-linear electrodynamic theories and S-duality

We investigate the $$ T\overline{T} $$ T T ¯ -like flows for non-linear electrodynamic theories in D(=2n)-dimensional spacetime. Our analysis is restricted to the deformation problem of the classical free action by employing the proposed $$ T\overline{T} $$ T T ¯ operator from a simple integration technique. We show that this flow equation is compatible with $$ T\overline{T} $$ T T ¯ deformation of a scalar field theory in D = 2 and of a non-linear Born-Infeld type theory in D = 4 dimensions. However, our computation discloses that this kind of $$ T\overline{T} $$ T T ¯ flow in higher dimensions is essentially different from deformation that has been derived from the AdS/CFT interpretations. Indeed, the gravity that may be exist as a holographic dual theory of this kind of effective Born-Infeld action is not necessarily an AdS space. As an illustrative investigation in D = 4, we shall also show that our construction for the $$ T\overline{T} $$ T T ¯ operator preserves the original SL(2, ℝ) symmetry of a non-supersymmetric Born-Infeld theory, as well as $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 2 supersymmetric model. It is shown that the corresponding SL(2, ℝ) invariant action fixes the relationship between the $$ T\overline{T} $$ T T ¯ operator and quadratic form of the energy-momentum tensor in D = 4.

Stopping power and range calculations of protons in human tissues

In this research, the stopping power and range of protons in biological human soft and hard tissues (blood, brain, skeleton-cortical bone, and skin) of both child and adult are calculated at the energies ranging from 1MeV to 350 MeV. The data is collected from ICRU Report 46 and calculated the stopping power employing the Bethe formula. Moreover, the simple integration (continuous slowing down approximation) method is employed for calculating protons range at the target. Then, the stopping power and range of protons value in human tissues have been compared with the program called SRIM. Moreover, the results of the stopping power vs energy and the range vs energy have been presented graphically. Proper agreement is found between the gained and the SRIM results and varies almost linearly with energy up to 250 MeV.

Response to Comment on “RNA-guided DNA insertion with CRISPR-associated transposases”

Rice et al. suggest that the CRISPR-associated transposase ShCAST system could lead to additional insertion products beyond simple integration of the donor. We clarify the outcomes of ShCAST-mediated insertions in Escherichia coli, which consist of both simple insertions and integration of the donor plasmid. This latter outcome can be avoided by use of a 5′ nicked DNA donor.