scholarly journals A Historical Review of Illegal Tour Guiding in Turkey

Tourism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Hasan Ali Polat ◽  
Tolga Fahri Çakmak ◽  
Aytuğ Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Tour Guides ◽  
The Past ◽  
Travel Agencies ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Tour Guiding ◽  
Shed Light

The tour guiding profession was much abused in the past while illegal guiding took place, and remains much the same nowadays. With the use of official documents, this paper outlines issues concerning illegal tour guiding from the past to the present. Document analysis as a qualitative research method was applied in this study. Archival research was carried out, and unpublished documents were analysed to contribute to the literature and shed light on the roots of illegal tour guiding. Archival data was combined with travel guidebooks, official reports, and court files. Despite regulations, problems concerning tour guiding continue to exist to the present day. More than ever before, illegal tour guides employed by travel agencies have become a threat to the employment of licenced guides. The number of illegal tour guides proves that current measures remain incapable of prohibiting illegal guiding activities. Touting seems to be the longstanding main motivation for illegal guides. Unethical guiding practices affect the established image of the destination country. From a historical perspective and underlining issues such as touting through unpublished archived documents and official reports, this paper contributes a detailed understanding of the defective points concerning the travel industry.

scholarly journals Network and Revenue Analysis of an Affiliate Marketing Program in the Travel Industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas L. Rolim ◽  
Jefferson E. Simões ◽  
Daniel R. Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marketing Program ◽  
Widespread Adoption ◽  
Heavy Tailed ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Shed Light

The widespread adoption of e-commerce over the past two decades has transformed businesses and sparked novel marketing strategies. In affiliate marketing individuals sign up with companies to promote or sell their products in independent venues such as blogs and channels controlled by the affiliate, receiving compensations for their actions. This work analyzes Clube Hurb, a real and large affiliate marketing program, considering the affiliate network structure, the revenue generated by affiliates, and their relationship. While the network is largely fragmented (90.7% of the affiliates are isolated) and most affiliates never sell (99.5%), different network and revenue statistics exhibit heavy-tailed behavior and are sometimes correlated. The findings shed light on affiliate marketing dynamics and can drive future studies to improve performance.

scholarly journals Analisis Strategi Traditional Travel Agency Di Tengah Persaingan Online Travel Agency (Studi Kasus: Airlangga Travel)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Winona Almira ◽  
Wiguna Alodia Alodia
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Travel Agency ◽  
Travel Agencies ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Online Travel ◽  
Online Travel Agency ◽  
Online Travel Agencies

The travel industry in Indonesia is still very attractive, especially when considering the large population of Indonesia and the growing value trend of the travel market. However, the development of information technology and the internet has had an impact on the proliferation of Online Travel Agencies (OTA), resulting in high levels of competition in the travel industry. Traditional travel companies must continue to innovate to maintain their presence in the competition. This research was conducted to analyze the competitive conditions of the travel industry in Indonesia, a case study at Airlangga Travel company. The research method uses Porter and SWOT analysis. The results of the study are recommendations for differentiation strategies for Airlangga Travel in order to survive in the intense competition of the travel business

scholarly journals FOOTBALL, TELEVISION AND GLOBALISATION IN DOI MOI VIETNAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3(72)) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Thi Hoa Tran
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Partial Result ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Doi Moi ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the relationship between television and globalisation in Doi Moi Vietnam via the case of football. Using document analysis and participant observation in an ethnographic approach, and drawing on globalisation theories as the theoretical frameworks, the author analyses the changes of football in Vietnam since the country re-opened its door to the world in 1986 and the role television has played in this process. The research suggests the rise of open nationalism as a special feature in Vietnam in the Doi Moi period. From a historical perspective, the paper sees present-day globalisation in Vietnam as a partial result of the past rather than a purely independent period of time.

scholarly journals The trend of multisided platforms (MSPs) in the travel industry: reintermediation of travel agencies (TAs) and global distribution systems (GDSs)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
Suhaib Aamir ◽  
Nuray Atsan
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Travel Agencies ◽  
Global Distribution Systems ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the remarkable trend of multisided platforms (MSPs) in the travel industry with the help of which travel agencies (TAs) and global distribution systems (GDSs) can reinforce their intermediary roles. Orthodox TAs face the threats of disintermediation because of the ever faster-changing developments in information and communication technologies, such as the emergence of metasearch engines, online travel agencies, direct bookings on airline websites and the widespread of mobile applications for travel related bookings. GDSs face similar threats of disintermediation from low-cost carriers and legacy carriers, as these carriers promote and encourage direct bookings via their official websites or via the new distribution capability. Design/methodology/approach This is a casestudy-oriented research, and the case selected is a MSP based in Turkey. The data are gathered using semi-structured interviews conducted from 15 international representatives of this MSP in different countries. Interviews were conducted either physically at the MSP’s headquarters in Antalya, Turkey, or virtually using Zoom application from January to October 2019. Findings The paper portrays the significance of MSPs in terms of their contributions toward the reintermediation of the two important intermediaries, namely, TAs and GDSs in the travel industry supply chain. Both of them are prone to the dangers of disintermediation because of the developments in technology, networking and communication channels; the worldwide accessibility of the stakeholders to the internet; and the direct reach of suppliers to consumers. The deteriorating role of TAs and GDSs is reignited by the successful launch, deployment and adoption of MSPs in the ecosystem of the travel industry. Originality/value This paper offers an insight into the prevailing trend of MSPs in business to business (B2B) trading from the perspective of two main intermediaries, TAs and GDSs, in the supply chain of the travel industry. The paper in a novel way compiles the data from the interviews to shed light on the adoption of MSPs by intermediaries in their business models to reintermediate themselves because the sole reliance of intermediaries on orthodox business models is pushing them on to the verge of disintermediation.

scholarly journals Didaktik in Continental European pedagogy: An analysis of its origins and problems

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-134
Author(s):  
Harun Serpil ◽  
Sümer Aktan
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anglo American

The aim of this study is to describe, in a historical and philosophical context, the foundations and developmental lines of a tradition defined as curriculum science or “didaktik” in Continental Europe, particularly in Germany and Scandinavia. The principal aim here is introducing a theoretical approach based on a different philosophy, in addition to the techno-scientific Anglo-American theoretical approach. Didaktik tradition has been of particular interest for curriculum researchers especially in the past two decades. With such an interactive focus, this paper is divided into four sections. Because this paper traces historical and philosophical pathways of inquiry, its research method is purely qualitative, based on document analysis. The findings of this analytical study are expected to contribute to the wider recognition of a philosophical-pedagogical tradition, which has not hitherto been paid much attention in Turkey.

Narrated Photography

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-52
Author(s):  
Sarah Dunlop ◽  
Peter Ward
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Lived Religion ◽  
Visual Context ◽  
Textual Material ◽  
Shed Light

This article describes how a recently refined visual ethnographic research method, “narrated photography,” contributes to the study of religion. We argue that this qualitative research method is particularly useful for studies of lived religion and demonstrate this through examples drawn from a study the sacred among young Polish migrants to England. Narrated photography, which entails asking people to photograph what is personally significant to them and then to narrate the image, generates visual and textual material that mediates the subjective. Through using this method we discovered that family was considered to be sacred, both in terms of links to religious practice and a desire for a secure home which family relationships provide. Additionally, narrated photography has the potential to expand our conceptions of lived religion through the inclusion of visual material culture and the visual context of the research participants. In this case the data revealed that the Polish young people view structures within their landscape through a particularly Polish Catholic lens. These findings shed light on the religious tensions that migrants encounter in everyday life.

Creating Meaning in the Present by Reviewing the Past: Communal Memory in the Psalms of Solomon

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-392
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Gordley
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Communal Memory ◽  
Psalms Of Solomon ◽  
Creating Meaning

This article examines Psalms of Solomon with an eye toward how these compositions may have functioned within the setting of a first-century B. C. E. Jewish community in Jerusalem. Several of these psalms should be understood as didactic hymns providing instruction to their audience through the medium of psalmody. Attention to the temporal register of Pss. Sol. 8, 9, and 17 shows how the poet’s use of historical review and historical allusion contributed to a vision of present reality and future hope, which the audience was invited to embrace. Issues relating to the place of these psalms in the tradition of Solomonic discourse are also addressed insofar as they contribute to the didactic function of this psalm collection.

Reputation and Gossip in Game Theory

2019 ◽  
pp. 213-229
Author(s):  
Charles Roddie
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Behavior ◽  
Future Behavior ◽  
The Game Theory ◽  
Shed Light

When interacting with others, it is often important for you to know what they have done in similar situations in the past: to know their reputation. One reason is that their past behavior may be a guide to their future behavior. A second reason is that their past behavior may have qualified them for reward and cooperation, or for punishment and revenge. The fact that you respond positively or negatively to the reputation of others then generates incentives for them to maintain good reputations. This article surveys the game theory literature which analyses the mechanisms and incentives involved in reputation. It also discusses how experiments have shed light on strategic behavior involved in maintaining reputations, and the adequacy of unreliable and third party information (gossip) for maintaining incentives for cooperation.

scholarly journals Evolution of Cancer Vaccines—Challenges, Achievements and Future Directions

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Ban Qi Tay ◽  
Quentin Wright ◽  
Rahul Ladwa ◽  
Christopher Perry ◽  
Graham Leggatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Tumour Antigens ◽  
Target Characteristics ◽  
Toxic Responses ◽  
Shed Light

The development of cancer vaccines has been intensively pursued over the past 50 years with modest success. However, recent advancements in the fields of genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and immunology have renewed interest in these immunotherapies and allowed the development of promising cancer vaccine candidates. Numerous clinical trials testing the response evoked by tumour antigens, differing in origin and nature, have shed light on the desirable target characteristics capable of inducing strong tumour-specific non-toxic responses with increased potential to bring clinical benefit to patients. Novel delivery methods, ranging from a patient’s autologous dendritic cells to liposome nanoparticles, have exponentially increased the abundance and exposure of the antigenic payloads. Furthermore, growing knowledge of the mechanisms by which tumours evade the immune response has led to new approaches to reverse these roadblocks and to re-invigorate previously suppressed anti-tumour surveillance. The use of new drugs in combination with antigen-based therapies is highly targeted and may represent the future of cancer vaccines. In this review, we address the main antigens and delivery methods used to develop cancer vaccines, their clinical outcomes, and the new directions that the vaccine immunotherapy field is taking.

scholarly journals Terrorism before and after 9/11 – a more dangerous world?

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 205316801773975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meagan Smith ◽  
Sean M. Zeigler
Keyword(s):  
Civil Conflict ◽  
New Age ◽  
Domestic Terrorism ◽  
Terrorist Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shed Light

Was 9/11 the opening salvo in a new age of terrorism? Some argue that this act ushered in a more chaotic world. Others contend an increased focus on terrorism in the past 15 years is the result of conflating terrorist activity with insurgency. We shed light on these claims by analyzing data on domestic and transnational terrorist incidence from 1989 to 2014. The evidence suggests that the years since 9/11 have been different from those preceding them. Once the prevalence of conflicts is accounted for, the post-9/11 era is a significantly less terror prone period than the years before it. A country not suffering civil conflict was upwards of 60 percent more likely to experience terrorism prior to or during the year 2001 than since. However, the opposite trend holds for those countries with a higher proportion of Muslims. Prior to 2001, countries with higher Muslim populations experienced less domestic terrorism. Since 9/11, these countries have experienced significantly more terrorism – both domestic and international – than they had previously.

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