scholarly journals Machine learning tools can now help with improving Taxol production in plant cell cultures

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Ranjana Sarma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Taxus Brevifolia ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Microtubule Formation ◽  
Taxol Production ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Chemotherapy Agents ◽  
Yew Tree

Chemotherapeutic intervention for cancer care is an important step. One of the most effective chemotherapy agents in use today is Paclitaxel (PTX), sold under the common name Taxol and Oxanol. Due to its ability to inhibit microtubule formation in cells, PTX is effective at all stages of the cancer and is FDA approved for treatment of many types of cancer (ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, Kaposi sarcoma, cervical cancer, and pancreatic cancer). PTX is a plant alkaloid in the taxane family of compounds obtained from bark of the Pacific Yew tree (Taxus brevifolia) [1]. Adequate market supply of PTX has remained a challenge, as paclitaxel represents only a minor proportion of the total taxoid content of the Taxus species. Over the years, research into finding an alternate to cutting down Yew trees for PTX harvesting has been on the forefront. It is estimated that up to 60 trees may need to be harvested for the treatment of one patient.

scholarly journals Taxol Concentration In Taxus Cultivars

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Incorvia Mattina ◽  
Anthony A. Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Taxus Brevifolia ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Yew Tree

Abstract Taxol is a naturally occurring diterpene alkaloid which has significant anticancer activity. In order to assess the full chemotherapeutic potential of the drug, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) requires sufficient material for the treatment of 12,000 patients with a variety of cancers. The current principal source of the compound is the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. While NCI's short range goal may be achieved through the processing of T. brevifolia bark, it is imperative to identify alternative or supplemental sources of taxol for environmental, economic, and humanitarian reasons. One potential source of the drug is biomass from commercial Taxus plantings. In this study needles from 14 cultivars of Taxus were analyzed for taxol content. Samples were obtained from 7- to 12-year-old plants at four commercial nurseries, as well as 15-year-old plantings from the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station's test plots. Taxol concentrations in the needles varied from a low of 118 ppm in T. cuspidata ‘Sieboldii’ to a high of 882 ppm in T. x media ‘Nigra’ on a dry weight basis.

José Martí's “Evening of Emerson” and the United Statesian Literary Tradition

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
LAURA LOMAS
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Jose Marti ◽  
Chinese Exclusion ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Imperial Expansion ◽  
A Minor ◽  
War Of The Pacific ◽  
Exclusion Act

Revising a century of interpretation that has emphasized the identification of José Martí with Ralph Waldo Emerson, this essay draws on Martí's unpublished and published manuscripts about Emerson to reveal Martí's keen sense of his difference from the New England bard. When we read Martí's 1882 eulogy to Emerson alongside contemporaneous essays about the Chinese Exclusion Act and the War of the Pacific, Martí's epiphany – which he calls the “evening of Emerson” – comes to suggest the evanescence of Emerson's influence. Martí here glimpses his contribution: a creative resignification and translation of Emerson and US culture more broadly in order to arrive at a distinct version of nuestra América. Although Emerson's influence persists, as he provides the phrase “our America,” Martí's interpretation transposes the phrase to a minor key and reveals the perspective of the Latin American migrant who presciently observes the threat of imperial expansion.

A Minor Mystery of the Pacific

Nature ◽  
1928 ◽  
Vol 122 (3076) ◽  
pp. 565-566
Author(s):  
C. G. S.
Keyword(s):  
The Pacific ◽  
A Minor

Crenidorsum aroidephagus Martin & Aguiar sp. nov. (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae), a New World whitefly species now colonising cultivated Araceae in Europe, Macaronesia and The Pacific Region

Zootaxa ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. MARTIN ◽  
A. M.F. AGUIAR ◽  
P. BAUFELD
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New World ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Asian Species ◽  
Ornamental Foliage Plants ◽  
Minor Problem ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
A Minor

Crenidorsum aroidephagus Martin & Aguiar sp. nov., a New World native, is here described, colonising several members of the plant family Araceae in Central and South America, southern USA, the Pacific Region and Madeira. It is becoming a minor problem for growers of ornamental-foliage plants. It has recently been discovered in the glasshouse of a botanic garden in Germany. Two Asian species, Aleurotrachelus micheliae (Takahashi) and A. turpiniae (Takahashi) are here transferred to Crenidorsum (both comb. nov.).

scholarly journals Does Machine Learning Automate Moral Hazard and Error?

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sendhil Mullainathan ◽  
Ziad Obermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Human Judgment ◽  
Measurement Issues ◽  
Applications Of Machine Learning ◽  
A Minor

Machine learning tools are beginning to be deployed en masse in health care. While the statistical underpinnings of these techniques have been questioned with regard to causality and stability, we highlight a different concern here, relating to measurement issues. A characteristic feature of health data, unlike other applications of machine learning, is that neither y nor x is measured perfectly. Far from a minor nuance, this can undermine the power of machine learning algorithms to drive change in the health care system--and indeed, can cause them to reproduce and even magnify existing errors in human judgment.

Calorimetric investigation of the phase behaviour of the binary system 7-mPEG 5000-succinyloxymethyloxycarbonyl- Paclitaxel (PP7)/water

e-Polymers ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Sun Sohn ◽  
Soo-Kyung Choi ◽  
Byung-Wook Jo ◽  
Kirsten Schwark ◽  
Michael Hess
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Antineoplastic Agent ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phase Behaviour ◽  
Eutectic System ◽  
Taxus Brevifolia ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
The Pacific

AbstractPaclitaxel is an antineoplastic agent derived from the bark of the Pacific Yew Tree (Taxus brevifolia). Oral administration of the pure drug is problematic as it has a poor absorption due to its poor solubility in aqueous media. A specific water-soluble prodrug - PP7 - has been introduced by coupling the drug with a water-soluble polymer. For any kind of medical application and administration, knowledge of the binary isobaric phase-diagram is important since it gives information about solubility, phase transitions and the corresponding compositions. The system PP7 + H2O was studied calorimetrically from -20°C and shows the typical behaviour of an eutectic system. The properties of the phase diagram are discussed in view of other solution properties of the system presented earlier.

Surface Morphological Changes Of Hela Cells Exposed To Tamoxifen And Taxol

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1270-1271
Author(s):  
S.K. Majumdar ◽  
J. Valdellon
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Taxus Brevifolia ◽  
Antimitotic Agent ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Cervical Cancer Cells ◽  
Mammary Gland Cells ◽  
Human Cervical Cancer Cells

Tamoxifen and taxol are two promising chemotherapeutic agents currently used in cancer treatment, but each has its own unique mechanism of action. Tamoxifen, known to inhibit the activity of estrogen on malignant mammary gland cells, was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of breast cancer. Taxol, extracted from the Pacific Yew tree, Taxus brevifolia, is an antimitotic agent that binds specifically to the β-subunit, promoting the assembly and stabilization of tubulin polymers. Studies have shown that tamoxifen and taxol induce cytostatic and cytotoxic effects leading to the death of several cancer cell types in vitro.In this research, the surface ultrastructural effects of both tamoxifen and taxol were investigated in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa).Exponentially growing cells were treated with 5, 10, 15, and 20 μg/ml of tamoxifen and 1 μg/ml of taxol (LC50) for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the cells were grown on coverslips, fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde followed by 1% osmium tetroxide.

Student Readiness and Perception of Tablet Learning in Higher Education in the Pacific- A Case Study of Fiji and Tuvalu

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritika Reddy ◽  
Bibhya Sharma ◽  
Shaneel Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Mobile Learning ◽  
New Technology ◽  
First Year ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Tablet Devices ◽  
Student Readiness ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Innovative Learning ◽  
Educational Paradigm

Significant growth and successful integration of mobile devices to the education landscape have garnered the introduction of mobile learning (mLearning) as a new technology-enabled educational tool. Mobile learning has become a new higher educational paradigm which makes learning more flexible and accessible. However, student readiness and their perceptions about educational use of tablet devices are still a concern particularly in the developing countries like the Pacific island countries (PICs). This article investigates these two important attributes of tablet devices in a first year blended course from a higher education institute in the Pacific with a sample of 43 students. The results revealed that the participants perceived that tablet devices were effective and innovative learning tools. The participants supported the idea of using tablet devices and were ready to incorporate them for learning provided there was training in place. This article finally outlines recommendations for the education sectors in the Pacific.

scholarly journals The Politics of Repair in a Postcolonial Context: A Minor Case Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathi Ho Schar ◽  
◽  
Daniel S. Friedman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Deferred Maintenance ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
University Of Hawai'i ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The University

The University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa is the flagship campus for the country’s most remote and westernmost state. It lies over two thousand nautical miles from the nearest continent, roughly in the center of the Pacific Ocean, the largest division of the world hydrosphere. Until 1893, Hawai’i was a sovereign kingdom. In 1959, the U.S. government annexed Hawaiʻi as the last and newest of its fifty states. This vivid context—Pacific, Asian, Hawaiian, American, postcolonial—constitutes both a geographical and cultural orientation. In view of these numerous, vivid conditions, our paper offers a single case study based on small projects underway at Mānoa, where the senior leadership of the university invited the newly established University of Hawai‘i Community Design Center to address the chronic disrepair of campus buildings and public spaces through low-cost, high-impact design interventions. The aim of these interventions is to improve perceived qualities of public space and campus character, which have suffered under the weight of the university’s half-billion dollar deferred maintenance backlog.

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